<p>Vertebrate Test Review Sheet General characteristics: 1. Name and describe the four structures that all chordates display at some point in their life.</p><p>2. Why are all vertebrate considered to be chordates, but not all chordates considered to be vertebrates?</p><p>3. Compare and contrast the skeleton of a vertebrate to that of an arthropod. </p><p>4. What kind of symmetry do chordates have? 5. Give the general characteristics of aganthans (jawless fish), cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.</p><p>6. Give examples of the following organisms: nonvertebrate chordates, agnathans, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.</p><p>7. What does viviparous mean?</p><p>8. What does oviparous mean?</p><p>9. What does ovoviviparous mean?</p><p>10. Compare and contrast how ectotherms and endotherms regulate their body temperature.</p><p>Fish 11. Describe the location and function of the following parts of a fish: lateral line, swim bladder, and operculum 12. Which organ do fish use for excretion?</p><p>Amphibians 13. Describe the process of metamorphosis in a frog.</p><p>14. How is the name “amphibian” related to its lifecycle?</p><p>15. Why must an amphibians’ skin stay moist? (Relate it to their alternate form of respiration, breathing)</p><p>Reptiles 16. What advantage does a shelled egg give to reptiles?</p><p>17. Which type of climate would you NOT find a reptile? Why?</p><p>18. Which group of reptiles have 4 chambered hearts?</p><p>Birds 19. What type of fertilization do birds have? Why can’t they use the other type of fertilization?</p><p>20. What structures are unique to a bird’s respiratory system?</p><p>21. What advantages do these structures provide birds?</p><p>Mammals 22. Why is a four chambered heart more efficient than other types?</p><p>23. Name and give the main characteristics of the three types of mammals. </p><p>24. What structure do monotremes have that is usually found in amphibians, reptiles and birds?</p><p>All group comparison 25. Describe the circulatory structures of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (include whether they are closed or open, single or double-looped, and how many chambers are in each heart. 26. Describe the body covering (skin structures) of agnathans (jawless fish), cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.</p><p>27. Which two systems in an animal’s body use the cloaca? Which organisms have this structure?</p><p>28. Compare the egg structure of the following organisms: fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.</p><p>29. Describe the reproduction and development of agnathans (jawless fish), cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, placental mammals, marsupials, and monotremes. .</p><p>30. Label and give the functions of the amniotic egg</p>