Chapter 7: Learning Review

Mrs. Jordan Psychology

Chapter 7: Learning Review DON’T JUST COMPLETE THIS. STUDY!!!!

1. Which type of learning (classical or operant) creates automatic responses?

2. Name three things you do that were operantly conditioned.

3. Name the psychologist most associated with each approach to studying learning. a. classical conditioning

b. operant conditioning

c. social learning

4. What do psychologists who use the cognitive approach emphasize?

5. Does classical conditioning occur if a stimulus (bell) is given after response (salivation)? Why?

6. A girl walks outside to get the mail. As she heads down to the mailbox, a neighbor’s dog pounces near the fence and barks loudly, scaring her back into the house. Now, anytime her mother asks her to get the mail she becomes apprehensive. Label these:

UCS______UCR______CS______CR______

7. The UCR is always the same as the______.

8. Getting a dog to grab the newspaper in the morning by encouraging him each time he gets closer to doing it until he finally does it is which type of conditioning?

9. What is the step-by-step process of operant conditioning called? Give an example of a situation in which this type of conditioning might be used. 10. What is the purpose of punishment?

11. What is the purpose of reinforcement?

12. What do positive punishment and positive reinforcement both have in common?

13. What do negative punishment and negative reinforcement both have in common?

14. How are generalization and discrimination opposites?

15. A not so bright five-year old goes sprinting out of his house when he hears the ice-cream truck. Unable to stop himself, he gets his toes run over and broken by said truck just as it is coming to a stop. Now he every time he sees trucks he feels fear and runs away.  Is this classical or operant conditioning?  What is the unconditioned stimulus?  Unconditioned response?  Conditioned stimulus?  Conditioned response?  Is this an example of stimulus generalization? Stimulus discrimination? Explain.

16. Which works best to create long-lasting behavior, continuous or intermittent reinforcement? Why?

17. Your dog is constantly begging for table scraps at dinner time. You finally give in and give him some. What reinforcement schedule did you just use? (Hint: Did you give him food after a random or set TIME or was it after a random or set amount of RESPONSES?)

18. Pertaining to the previous question, explain why positive AND negative reinforcement have been used. Also, if you wanted this behavior to stop, but weren’t patient enough to ignore it, what else could you do?

Which reward schedule is most like: 19. An hourly wage?

20. A roulette wheel?

21. Earning a dollar for every lap you run at your school’s trackathon?

22. Working on commission?

23. How are extinction and spontaneous recovery opposites?

24. What did Albert Bandura believe determined most of human behavior?

a. How did he use the Bobo doll experiment to illustrate this principle?

25. What is latent learning?

26. How can phobias be cognitive?