Content Benchmark P.8.C.3
Students know physical, chemical, and nuclear changes involve a transfer of energy. E/S
Sample Test Questions
1st Item Specification: Recognize that in physical, chemical, and nuclear changes energy is transformed.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 1
1. Below is a figure of a pendulum. The letters represents specific points that the pendulum passes through in its swing. Use this figure to answer the next question.
(From: http://albertgrasmarti.org/agm/recerca-divulgacio/pendulum-TPT.pdf)
In a pendulum, the maximum potential energy is at what point in the swing? A. the bottom of the swing B. the top of the swing C. half way through the swing D. when the pendulum comes to a stop
2. What best describes kinetic energy? A. The object is in motion. B. The object is at rest. C. The object can move D. The object cannot move. 3. Which of the following is a transfer of chemical energy to thermal energy? A. A hairdryer is turned on to dry a girl’s hair. B. A boy eats an apple, which regulates his body temperature. C. An atom is split to increase the temperature of water D. An ice cube is placed in warm soup and melts.
4. When solid ice has been changed into a liquid, energy has been transferred A. out of the ice to cause a chemical change. B. into the ice to cause a chemical change. C. into the ice to cause a physical change. D. out of the ice to cause a physical change.
5. A student raised a book to place it on the shelf. In placing it on the shelf, which type of energy has been increased in the book? A. Chemical energy B. Potential energy C. Kinetic energy D. Thermal energy
Depth Of Knowledge Level 2
6. This graph below shows the changes of state that occur as thermal energy is added to water.
Heating and Cooling Curve of Water
140
120
)
us 100 lsi
Ce
es es 80
re
eg 60
(d
e e 40 ur
rat 20 pe
m Te 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
-20
-40
-60 Time (s) Which of the following BEST describes what is occurring in the graph over time? A. The average molecular kinetic energy of the water is increasing. B. The average molecular kinetic energy of the water is decreasing. C. The average molecular kinetic energy of the water is unchanged. D. The average temperature of the water is unchanged.
7. As shown in the image below, a milk and sugar mixture is located in an inner bag. The outer bag contains ice and salt. Use this image to answer the question below.
(From: http://www.momready.com/articles/content.asp?ID=90)
Two students are making ice cream. The milk and sugar mixture that will become the ice cream is located in a bag that is within another bag of ice and salt. The students shake the bag containing the ice and salt and the milk and sugar mixture within. Which answer BEST describes what is happening to energy in this process as the milk and sugar mixture begins to solidify? A. The energy from the ice is being transferred into the milk/sugar mixture. B. The energy in the milk/sugar mixture does not experience a change. C. The energy in the milk/sugar mixture is being transferred into the ice. D. The energy from your hands is being transferred into the milk/sugar mixture.
8. Use this image of the heat pack below to answer the next question.
(From: http://accidentscene.net/sos/misc.htm) A basketball player activates a heat pack by punching it to break the plastic barrier that separates two chemicals. When the two chemicals are allowed to mix the bag becomes warm. Energy is transferred from the bag because of a A. physical change B. chemical change C. nuclear change D. pressure change
9. Nuclear fusion occurs in the sun. During this process A. mass is converted into energy. B. energy is converted into mass. C. no energy is released. D. mass is unchanging.
10. Sylvia accidentally leaves milk out on the counter on a hot summer day. At the end of the day, the milk smells bad. The milk has undergone a change because A. thermal energy is transferred to kinetic energy, so that the milk undergoes a physical change. B. chemical energy is transferred as bacteria use the milk for food, so that the milk undergoes a chemical change. C. nuclear energy is transferred into the milk as atoms decay causing the milk to heat and undergo chemical change. D. physical energy from the average motion of the milk’s molecules causes an increase in temperature. Constructed Response P.8.C.3
1. This picture shows the path that energy takes from the power plant to your home.
(from: http://www.tvakids.com/electricity/transmission.htm)
A. Starting at the power plant, explain what form the energy is in. As the energy travels to the next location in the picture, explain how the energy is transformed. Continue explaining how energy is transformed until it reaches the end user (labeled “industrial use,” “commercial use,” and “home use”). Some transitions may contain more than one transformation.
B. Will all of the energy from the power plant reach the end users? Justify why or why not. Content Benchmark P.8.C.3
Students know physical, chemical, and nuclear changes involve a transfer of energy. E/S
Answers to Sample Test Questions 1. B, DOK level 1 2. A, DOK level 1 3. B, DOK level 1 4. C, DOK level 1 5. B, DOK level 1 6. A, DOK level 1 7. C, DOK level 2 8. B, DOK level 2 9. A, DOK level 2 10. B, DOK level 2
Constructed Response 3-point Answer and Score Rubric:
Response addresses all parts of the question clearly and correctly. Chemical energy from the coal, oil, or natural gas or nuclear energy from the uranium is transformed to heat energy. The heat energy boils water creating steam which flows with kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the flowing steam turns the turbine. The turbines kinetic energy is transformed to electrical energy. The electrical energy is 3 points transferred along the power lines to the end users. At the end use location, the electrical energy is transferred to kinetic energy (for example, to run fans, computer hard drives, etc.), thermal energy (for example, in a floor heater, air conditioner), and/or light energy (for example, to make a light bulb glow). Not all of the energy will reach the end user because some of the energy will be transformed to thermal energy (e.g., friction in the turbine) that is not easily transformed into other energy forms.
Response addresses all parts of the question and includes only minor 2 points errors.
1 point Response does not address all parts of the question.
0 points Response is totally incorrect or no response provided.