Identifications for Mao Tse-Tung (Mao Zedong)

ib EVIDENCE BANK Nelson/ IB History Year II Identifications for Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong): For each of the following terms, be able to answer the five Ws and most importantly be able to explain how each is connected to Mao’s rise to power or to his dictatorship.

Circumstances of Mao’s Rise: Manchu Dynasty Unequal Treaties Empress Dowager Cixi The Boxer Rebellion Chinese Revolution of 1911 (The Monarchy steps down and the Nationalists take power) Dr. Sun Yatsen Yuan Shikai (Presidency 1912-1916) The Wuchang rebellion (October 10, 1911) “The Double Tenth” Guomindang (GMD) Three Principles Japan’s Twenty-One Demands (1915) Warlords China’s Peasant/ Agrarian Population- World War I (The Great War) Paris Peace Conference (WWI) The May Fourth Movement against the Paris Peace Conference The New Tide Chinese Communist Party (est. 1921) (CCP) Abram Joffe Chiang Kaishek –“The Generalissimo” March to the North (July 1926) Unification of China, 1928 Warlords: Feng Yuxiang & Yan Xishan National Government Jiangxi Soviet (The Chinese Soviet Republic) Chinese Red Army Chiang Kaishek’s Purges (extermination campaigns) 1930-34 Nelson/ IB History/ Mao’s Rise/ 1 Mao’s Rise to Power: Mao Tse Tung Jiangxi Province General Hans von Seeckt (General for the National Government) Blockhouse Strategy Otto Braun (Russian military leader allied with communists) Zunyi (The point at which Mao gains control of the party, Russia withdraws support, Braun countered)- The Long March (October 1934-October 1935) Yanan Province The Yanan Era (1935-1946) Guerilla Tactics:

Japan Threatens China: (1931-1937):

The Manchurian Incident (1931) Manchu Land Japanese Expansion 1931-1937 The Rape of Nanking Zhang Zueliang Guomindang Yanan Soviet The Xian Incident, December 1936 (Chiang Kaishek taken prisoner by his own General) A United Front 1937 Sino-Japanese War 1937-1945 (Japan China War) USA Declaration of War on Japan (Pearl Harbor) December 1941 The Burma Road Hundred Regiments Battle (1940) Three All Campaign Chinese Liberation Areas

Nelson/ IB History/ Mao’s Rise/ 2 Faults of Mao’s Opposition: Guomindang Chiang Kaishek Trained in the West Generalissimo The “Blueshirts”- Chiang’s political police force The New Life Movement Economic Strife- inflation, Rural Service Lack of addressing the plight of the peasants

Chinese Civil War and Mao’s Victory: Possible topics for organization of Sino-Japanese Conflict 1937-1945 Mao’s Initial actions once he secured The Xian Incident, 1936 power: A United Front 1937 Rights of Women Chinese Civil War, 1946-1949 Land Reform Red Army (the People’s Liberation Army) PLA- Economic Reforms Red Army’s Rules of Discipline Removal of opposition & unity Propaganda Lin Biao, Communist General Cult of Mao Zedong People’s Republic of China (October 1, 1949) st Tienanmen Square, Beijing 1 Five Year Plan (1952-1957) The Great Leap Forward (1958) Taiwan The Common Program “the People’s Democratic Dictatorship” Democratic Centralism Chairman Mao Zedong Prime Minister Zhou Enlai 1950 Marriage Law Agrarian Land Reform Law- 1950 Mutual Aid Teams

Nelson/ IB History/ Mao’s Rise/ 3 “thought reform” Three Antis Campaign 1st Five Year Plan (1952-1957)” Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (Sino-Soviet agreement)- Death of Stalin-1953 Lower-stage cooperatives The Hundred Flowers- 1956- a “safety valve” to help vent the intellectuals discontent Anti Rightist Purge- 1957-1958, “Rightists” – label for those whom Mao wished to purge “The year that Mao transformed from a populist to a dictator.” Mao toured the country- 1957 The Great Leap Forward- 1958 Collectivization- “boot strap development” - bottom up Chaos of the Great Leap Farming Crisis Famine of 1959-1960 - Led to the death of 20-30 million people Rise of Moderates Communes “backyard steel furnaces” Rise of Moderates Politburo The Cultural Revolution 1966-1969 - “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” Socialist Education Movement (1962) ‘four clean-ups campaign’- The Little Red Book Lin Biao- Head of the Army, Allied with Mao Jiang Qing (Mao’s wife) “Madam Mao”- Mao’s 4th wife- Declared Artist Advisor to the Army of the People Politician of the Arts- control of the arts, censorship of all foreign art Red Guards - student groups Struggle Sessions- (Show Trials held by the Red Guards in public) ‘Four Olds’ Campaign

Nelson/ IB History/ Mao’s Rise/ 4 Opposition to Mao Grows- 1969-1976-

Rise of Moderates Lin Biao, Defense Minister under Mao and head of the PLA (Went against Mao, Plane crashed when fleeing to USSR) Zhou Enlai, Prime Minister Deng Xiaoping, Deputy Prime Minister “52” Project 571 The Gang of Four- Jiang Qing, & Three Radical politicians from Shanghai Division of the Right and Left- struggle 1974-1976 Right’s Plan- Four Modernizations Tiananmen Square Ping Pong Diplomacy Nixon visits China February 21, 1972 (arranged by Secretary of State Kissinger) Death of Mao Zedong, September 9, 1976 The Gang of Four: Madam Mao (Jiang Qing), Zhang Chunquiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wang Hongwen Chairman Mao Mausoleum

Keys to Mao’s Rise to Power-

Peasant Appeal- Beginning with the Long March, his personality, consistent loyalty to the masses (seen in the economic policy, military, relationship with Stalin…etc)- Mao was a common man, a peasant himself, basic simplicity- “charming vultarities”- Raised to mythical status, Mao was a Living Legend following the Great March.

War with Japan as a means to weaken his domestic enemies and to gain popular support (“United China”)-

Popular support of the student population- Raised to a mythical status.-

Utilization of a common enemy: Japan, Rightists, Capitalists, Americans, USSR “Anti-revisionists”

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