ISDB-T Seminar Session 2
Technical Features of ISDB-T
28th-29th August, 2006 In Caracas DiBEG JAPAN Yasuo TAKAHASHI （Toshiba)
1 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Contents
•What is ISDB-T? •Comparison of 3 DTTB systems •Structure of ISDB-T Standard •Technical details of ISDB-T
•Commonality of ISDB-Tsb (note)
(note) Digital Terrestrial Sound Broadcasting of ISDB
2 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
1 1. What is ISDB-T?
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ISDB-T is ・・・・
• ISDB-T system was developed by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) in Japan. • ISDB (Integrated Digital Services Digital Broadcasting) is a new type of digital broadcasting intended to provide audio, video, and multimedia services. T is Terrestrial. • ISDB-T is one of ISDB family. • ISDB-T uses a modulation method referred to as Band Segmented Transmission (BST) OFDM
ISDB-T Demo
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2 Requirements for Digitalization
Multimedia-service
High-Quality TV/ Multi-Channels
Flexible/Versatile
Effective frequency utilization
Mobile and handheld service (ground wave)
Commonality of receiver
At first, the requirement of digital broadcasting should be established. The requirements described above are for digitalization in Japan. 5 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Requiremenｓ for Digitization →Solutions
High-Quality, -HDTV 1CH or SDTV 3CH within 6MHz band. Multi-Channels -Robustness against multi-path
Multimedia-Service -Integrated Service(Video/Audio/Data) -High quality Data Service Flexible/Versatile -Bi-directional Service
Efficient Spectrum Single Frequency Network(SFN) utilization
Mobile and handheld -Robustness against mobile/portable reception service (ground wave) -Both fixed/mobile service within same band →Layer Transmission Technology
Commonality of - Commonality for BS/Cable/Terrestrial receiver Broadcasting. 6 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
3 Features of ISDB-T
Technical Japanese Requirements for DTTB Specification OFDM Robustness, SFN
Segment Structure Extensible, Partial Reception
Time Interleaving Mobile Reception, Indoor Reception
TMCC Flexible, Versatile
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What is Band Segmented OFDM with time interleave?
(Example; 1seg + 12 seg)
Layer A Layer B (LDTV,Audio,Dat (HDTV or 3 SDTV a) 13segments with Data)) (6MHz bandwidth) frequency
Handheld Fixed reception, Mobile reception (One seg. reception (HDTV,etc) Service)
•Segmented OFDM; Possible to support fixed/mobile/handheld reception service •Time interleave; reduce impulse noise and reduce the degradation caused by fading (tested in Brazil by Mackenzie and TV GLOBO) 8 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
4 Service Image of ISDB-T in Japan
1 01 ForFor large large Screen Screen 10･ Broadcaster ･･ TelevisionTelevision
Dig High Definition Bro ita Sports ad l Picture cas g tin High Quality Sound Multiplexing to One Channel News HDTV Portable HDTV At home Disaster 12 Segment 1 Segment Compresse Compresse dby d by Anytime In the Bus MPEG2 H.264 Anywhere
While In the train Original Image walking
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2. Comparison of 3 DTTB Systems
-Comparison of 3 DTTV systems -Results of comparison test in Brazil -Summary of comparison
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5 Broadcasting Services
System ATSCDVB-T ISDB-T Item HDTV/ SDTV ◎ ◎ ◎ Fixed reception Data broadcasting ◎ ◎ ◎ SFN × ◎ ◎ HDTV Mobile × × ◎ reception (○ SDTV) Portable reception × △ ◎ with cellular phone Internet access × △ ◎
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Technical Detail of DTTV Systems - 1
System ATSC DVB-T ISDB-T
Launch 1/Nov/1998 Sep/1998 1/Dec/2003 Video coding MPEG-2 Video(ISO/IEC 13818-2) Audio coding Dolby AC-3 MPEG-2 BC MPEG-2 AAC BML (XHTML), Presentation Dase-1 (DVB HTML) Data engine ECMAScript broadcasting Execution engine ACAP DVB MHP ARIB B 23 Multiplex MPEG-2 Systems (ISO/IEC 13818-1) Conditional access DES / NRSS CSS / DVB CA Multi 2 / ARIB B 25 (207,187) (204,188) Outer Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon code Error code correction Inner 2/3Trellis Code Conv.code(1/2-7/8)
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6 Technical Details of DTTV Systems - 2
System ATSC DVB-T ISDB-T
COFDM 8VSB SegmentedCOFDM Modulation (QPSK, (DQPSK,QPSK, 16QAM,64QAM) 16QAM,64QAM) Bit/Symbol Yes Yes Yes Inter- leaving Frequency - Yes Yes time - - 0.1s,0.2s,0.4s,0.8s Excess Bandwidth/ 1/2, 1/4, 11.5% 1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32 Guard Interval 1/8,1/16,1/32 TMCC - - Yes Information bit rate 19.39 Mbps 3.69 -23.5Mbps 3.65 -23.2 Mbps
Channel bandwidth 6/7/8 MHz 6/7/8 MHz 6/7/8 MHz
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Effect of Time Interleaving • As the experimental result, time interleaving improve required CN ratio about 7 dB in mobile environment on 16QAM. • Diversity system improve about 7dB on 16QAM. • Time interleaving (time diversity) work independently from space diversity. • That is the reason for advantage of ISDB-T in mobile environment. • Time interleaving improve robustness against impulse noise interference that come from power line and motor cycle engine.
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7 Results of Brazilian Tests
• Comparison testing of three DTTB systems – ATSC, DVB-T, ISDB-T • Carried out from Aug. 1999 to April 2000 • Laboratories tests – AWGN, impulse noise, multipath interference • Field tests – Coverage, indoor reception
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Evaluation of C/N • Interferer = White Noise
ATSC DVB-2K DVB-8K ISDB 14,6 dB 19,0 dB 16,9 dB 18,6 dB
•ATSC: 8VSB FEC=2/3 (19,39 Mbits) • DVB & ISDB: Choice of parameters define C/N –DVB-2K: 64 QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 2K (19,75 Mbits/s) –DVB-8K: 64 QAM FEC=2/3 GI=1/32 8K (18,09 Mbits/s) –ISDB: 64 QAM FEC=3/4 GI=1/16 4K 0,1s (19,33 Mbit/s)
（From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000) 16 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
8 Impulse Noise
Relati on between the noise pulse width & interference to signal r atio ATSC - Chip A 30 ISDB-T DVB - NDS - 3/4 1/16 2K 25 DVB - Chip M - 2/3 1/32 8K 20 ATSC ISDB - NEC - 3/4 1/16 4K 0,1s 15
10 DVB8k 5
"I"/C (dB) DVB2k 0
-5
-10
-15 0 1 00 2 00 3 00 4 00 Pulse width (us) • Better performance of the ISDB-T system, by introducing time interleaving 17 DiBEG（From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000) Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Static Multipath
Carrier to noise ratio as a function of carrier to echo ratio Comparison at post-echo = 8us 36 34 ATSC - CHIP T ATSC 32 DVB - NDS - 3/4 1/16 2K 30 DVB - CHIP M - 2/3 1/32 8K DVB2k 28 ISDB - CHIP J - 3/4 1/16 4k 0,1s 26 24 ISDB-T
C/N (dB) C/N 22 20 DVB8k 18 16 14 024681012 C/E (dB)
（From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000) 18 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
9 ISDB-T
DVB8k
ATSC DVB2k
（From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000) 19 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Indoor Reception
Indoor Reception: Sites Where the Three Systems Were Tested in the Same Condition 100% 91% 91% 91% 90% 82%
80% 73% 73% 73% 70%
60% 55% 50% 40% 30% 20%
Percentual de Recepçã de Percentual 9% 10% 0% Normal Reception Reception + Blender On Reception + People Walking Near Antenna ATSC DVB-8K ISDB-4K
（From the presentation of the Brazilian SET/ABERT study group at NAB2000) 20 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
10 Summary of Comparison(1/2)
Any improvement of digital receiver was not considered to make the table below. System conform to Requirements requirements Maximum bit rate under ATSC Gaussian noise environment Robustness against multi-path DVB-T, ISDB-T distortion Robustness against impulse ISDB-T noise
Wide area single frequency DVB-T, ISDB-T network (SFN) operation
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Summary of Comparison(2/2)
Any improvement of digital receiver was not considered to make the table below. System conform to Requirements requirements Mobility and Portability ISDB-T >> DVB-T Hierarchical transmission (Multiple modulation systems ISDB-T>> DVB-T simultaneously in the same channel is possible) System commonality with digital terrestrial sound broadcasting ISDB-T (One segment receiver is available)
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11 3. Structure of ISDB-T Standard
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ARIB’s R&D and Standardization
Demands for radio systems
Technical Committee IMT-2000 Electromagnetic Study Environment R&D Group •••••• R&D Group Committee Committee
Results of R&D Petition to the Ministry for rule making
Rule making by the Ministry Draft ARIB Standard Demands for voluntary standards Standard Assembly
ARIB Standard
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12 Standardization for Broadcasters / Receivers
(Broadcasters) (Receivers) •Service contents •Signal Interface •Segment utilization •Tuner characteristic •Transmission parameters •EPG •SI •Copy-right treatment •CAS •Hardware size •Network configuration •Interactive link •Down load data •Human interface •Test stream
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Toward Digital Broadcasting in Japan
CS (SDTV) Digital CS (SDTV) 1996 Digital Wide-band CS (HDTV, SDTV) 2002
BS (SDTV) Digital BS (HDTV, SDTV) 2000 2011 Terrestrial TV (SDTV) Digital Terrestrial (HDTV, SDTV) Dec. 2003 Digital Terrestrial (Sound) Oct. 2003 Digital Satellite (Sound) Oct. 2004
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13 Features of ISDB-T
Technical Specification Japanese Requirements for DTTB
OFDM Robustness, SFN
Segment Structure Extensible, Partial Reception
Time Interleaving Mobile Reception, Indoor Reception
TMCC Flexible, Versatile
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Structure of Japan’s Digital Broadcasting system
One segment handheld service Fixed/mobile service Source coding (any of service are available) MPEG-2 MPEG-AAC Data coding H.264 video Video coding Audio coding (note) coding
Common interface (Transport Stream interface)
Multiplex( Based on MPEG-2 systems) Mulitplex Common interface (Framed Transport Stream interface)
Segmented OFDM Single carrier Single carrier QAM/DQPSK Transmission coding 8-PSK/PSK 64QAM With time interleave
(satellite) (cable) (terrestrial) (note) both BML and MHP are available, But in Japan now BML is only service in.
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14 Feature of Japan’s Digital Broadcasting system (1)Flexibility of service: Interface between source coding and Multiplex is common interface (Transport Stream interface), so, any contents based on TS can be available. (2)Flexibility of transmission media: Optimized to each transmission media.. (3)Terrestrial transmission system; For any reception type, such as fixed/mobile/handheld, adopt Segmented OFDM with time interleave (see next page)
What is Segmented OFDM with time interleave? Layer A Layer B (LDTV,Audio,Data) (HDTV or 3 SDTV with Data)) 13segments (6MHz bandwidth) frequency
Handheld reception Fixed reception, Mobile (One seg. Service) reception (HDTV,etc)
•Segmented OFDM; Possible to support fixed/mobile/handheld reception service •Time interleave; reduce impulse noise and reduce the degradation caused by fading (tested in Brazil by Mackenzie and TV GLOBO)
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Digital Broadcasting Standard in Japan
Source coding Transmission coding Receiver Satellite TV (STD-B20) Satellite/ Terrestrial TV Video/Audio Terrestrial TV (STD-B21) Coding (STD-B31) (STD-B32) Terrestrial Audio Terrestrial Audio (STD-B29) (STD-B30) Data Multi-plex
Broadcasting (STD-B32,-B10) Satellite Audio Satellite Audio (STD-B24) (STD-B41) (STD-B42) Cable TV Cable TV RMP (JCL SPC-001) (JCTEA STD-004) (STD-B25)
Source coding and MUX systems Transmission systems are different are common for each system
Note: Cable transmission system standards are defined at another consortium 30 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
15 Outline of ARIB Standards
Source coding & Multi-plex Name Outline note Video/Audio -Based on MPEG-2 video coding coding -Cover 1080i,720p,480p,480i (STD-B32) -Based on MPEG AAC audio coding -Up to 5.1 Stereo audio -Based on MPEG systems multi-plex
Data Broad- -Data broadcasting description casting -Data transmission format (STD-B24) -Small size Video coding(MPEG- 4,H.264) Program -PSI/SI description line-up -EPG description information -Necessary for program selection (STD-B10)
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Outlines of Standards (continued)
Transmission coding Name Outline note Satellite TV -Slot structure 2 HDTV programs (STD-B20) -Trellis+RS(Concatenated coding) are muliti-plexed -Single carrier 8 PSK modulation into 1 transponder Terrestrial TV -Segment structure 1 segment (STD-B31) -Viterbi+RS (Concatenated coding) transmission is -Multi-carrier(OFDM) transmission available Terrestrial -1 and 3 segment transmission 1 segment system Audio -Others are almost same as STD-B31 is compatible to 1 (STD-B29) segment of TV Satellite -Multiplex 64 CDM channel Adopt Audio -Viterbi+RS (Concatenated coding) “AAC+SBR” (STD-B42) -CDM-BPSK/QPSK transmission 2.6GHz Band
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16 Outlines of Standards (continued)
What is the operational guideline? All the technical elements required are written in ARIB STD. But, the details for operation of broadcasting are defined separately, even though based on ARIB STD. These documents are called “Operational Guideline”
Examples ARIB TR-B13; Terrestrial Audio broadcasting operational guideline ARIB TR-B14; Terrestrial TV broadcasting operational guideline ARIB TR-B15; BS/wideband CS broadcasting operational guideline ARIB TR-B26; Satellite Audio broadcasting operational guideline
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4. Technical Details of ISDB-T
4.1 Structure of Japan’s Digital Broadcasting System 4.2 ISDB-T Transmission System 4.3 ISDB-T Multiplex system 4.4 Video Coding 4.5 Audio Coding 4.6 Data casting 4.7 Video Coding for One-seg service
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17 4.1 Structure of Japan’s Digital Broadcasting system
One segment handheld service Fixed/mobile service Source coding (any of service are available) MPEG-2 MPEG-AAC Data coding H.264 video Video coding Audio coding (note) coding
Common interface (Transport Stream interface)
Multiplex( Based on MPEG-2 systems) Mulitplex Common interface (Framed Transport Stream interface)
Segmented OFDM Single carrier Single carrier QAM/DQPSK Transmission coding 8-PSK/PSK 64QAM With time interleave
(satellite) (cable) (terrestrial) (note) both BML and MHP are available, But in Japan now BML is only service in.
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Feature of Japan’s Digital Broadcasting system (1)Flexibility of service: Interface between source coding and Multiplex is common interface (Transport Stream interface), so, any contents based on TS can be available. (2)Flexibility of transmission media: Optimized to each transmission media.. (3)Terrestrial transmission system; For any reception type, such as fixed/mobile/handheld, adopt Segmented OFDM with time interleave (see next page)
What is Segmented OFDM with time interleave? Layer A Layer B (LDTV,Audio,Data) (HDTV or 3 SDTV with Data)) 13segments (6MHz bandwidth) frequency
Handheld reception Fixed reception, Mobile (One seg. Service) reception (HDTV,etc)
•Segmented OFDM; Possible to support fixed/mobile/handheld reception service •Time interleave; reduce impulse noise and reduce the degradation caused by fading (tested in Brazil by Mackenzie and TV GLOBO)
36 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
18 4.2 ISDB-T transmission system •Features of transmission system
1. Efficient frequency utilization (1)Adopt OFDM transmission system; SFN operation (2)Adopt hierarchical transmission; service for different type of reception in one frequency channel 2. Mobile/ handheld service in one transmission standard (1)Time interleave; Improve mobile reception quality (2)Partial reception; handheld service in same channel 3. Robustness against interference (1) Adopt concatenated error correction with plural interleave (2)Time interleave; very effective for impulse noise (urban noise) 4. Flexibility for several type of service/ reception style 5. Commonality of TV/audio transmission standard 6. Auxiliary (AC) channel can be used for transmission network management
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Parameters of ISDB-T (6MHz Bandwidth)
ISDB-T mode Mode 1 (2k) Mode 2 (4k) Mode 3 (8k) Number of OFDM segment 13 Useful bandwidth 5.575MHz 5.573MHz 5.572MHz Carrier spacing 3.968kHz 1.984kHz 0.992kHz Total carriers 1405 2809 4992 Modulation QPSK , 16QAM , 64QAM , DQPSK Number of symbols / frame 204 Active symbol duration 252μ ss504μ 1.008ms Guard interval duration 1/4 , 1/8 , 1/16 , 1/32 of active symbol duration Inner code Convolutional code (1/2 , 2/3 , 3/4 , 5/6 , 7/8) Outer code RS (204,188) Time interleave 0 ～ 0.5s Useful bit rate 3.651Mbps ～ 23.234Mbps
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19 Feature of Japanese DTTB system
Support 3 reception type 13 Segments by one channel TV station
Fixed Reception 13 segment
ＨＤＴＶ Mobile/Handheld Reception Home Receiver 13/1 segment Communication/Internet 1 segment (diversity reception)
Communication carrier
Handheld terminal Receiver in Vehicle
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(1) Hierarchical transmission
TS TS RS Divide Energy Delay Byte Convolutional RE-MUX Coding To Dispersal Adjust Interleave Coding Hierarchy
Bit Combine Frequency Time OFDM Mapping Interleave Hierarchy Interleave Interleave Framing
Pilot/TMCC/AC
Add Quad. D/A OFDM signal IFFT Guard interval MOD Conv.
•Maximally 3 Layer transmission in one Transport Stream •Any combination of transmission parameter is available for each layer
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20 Image of multiple layer transmission
Example of 2 programs into 3 layers
TV program #1-V
#1-A #2-A MUX #1 #1-A Layer A
#1-D ISDB-T M Re multi- #1-D #2-D U X #2-V plexer Layer B TV program #2-A #2 #1-V #2-V #2-D Layer C
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Blockdiagram of TS re-multiplexer
TS input PID A layer A layer buffer extract buffer MUX
B layer B layer DE- buffer
buffer MUX MUX MUX TS re-multi- plex output C layer C layer buffer buffer INF１ MUX
TS input PCR ２ INF select TS input INF３ PSI-SI TS input buffer INF４
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21 (2) Transmission coding
TS TS RS Divide Energy Delay Byte Convolutional RE-MUX Coding To Dispersal Adjust Interleave Coding Hierarchy
Bit Combine Frequency Time OFDM Mapping Interleave Hierarchy Interleave Interleave Framing
Pilot/TMCC/AC
Add Quad. D/A OFDM signal IFFT Guard interval MOD Conv.
•Concatenated Error Correction System; Convolutional+Reed-Solomon •4 kinds of Interleave; Byte/Bit/Time/Frequency •4 kinds of Modulation Parameters;QPSK/DQPSK/16QAM/64QAM Any kinds of coding rate and modulation parameters can be set for each layer independently 43 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Kind of interleave and these effect
Convolu- RS Byte Bit Time Frequency tional Mapping coder interleaveﾞ interleaveﾞ interleaveﾞ interleave coding
Byte interleave Byte interleave is located between outer coder and inner coder. Randomize the burst error of Viterbi decoder output
Bit interleave Bit interleave is located between convolutional coding and mapping. Randomize the symbol error before Viterbi decoding
Time interleave Frequency interleave is located at the output of frequency interleaver. Randomize the burst error of time domain which is mainly caused by impulse noise, fading of mobile reception, etc.
Frequency interleave Frequency interleave is located at the output of mapping. Randomize the burst error of frequency domain which is mainly caused by multi-path , carrier interference, etc. 44 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
22 Effect of time interleave
no time interleave With time interleave frequency Transmitting Receiving delay delay Transmitter side time time field strength varied Error symbol
receiver side (After de-interleave)
Burst error Error randomized
Time Interleave is effective not only for signal level fluctuation but also for impulse interference 45 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
(3) OFDM Modulation
TS TS RS Divide Energy Delay Byte Convolutional RE-MUX Coding To Dispersal Adjust Interleave Coding Hierarchy
Bit Combine Frequency Time OFDM Mapping Interleave Hierarchy Interleave Interleave Framing
Pilot/TMCC/AC
Add Quad. D/A OFDM signal IFFT Guard interval MOD Conv.
•3 kinds of OFDM Modulation; 2k, 4k, 8k •4 Kinds of Guard Interval Length; 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4
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23
Time axis Frequency axis
carrier #1
+ + carrier #2
+ +
+
carrier #k +
+ + = =
OFDM signal
Frequency
GI Effective symbol Example of OFDM signal waveform OFDM symbol 47 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
TV signal spectrum
analog Digital; OFDM
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24 4.3 Multiplex system • Functions – Function of Multiplex • Multiplex plural services/program/component on transmission • Signal format is common for any kind of service, program and component • Free from transmission media – Function of synchronization • Synchronization between transmission side and receiving side • Synchronization between program component( video, audio) – Function of selection • Service information for selection of service and program • Features – Flexibility • Support any service, program and component – Expandability • Applicable for new program component
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Digital broadcasting & Multiplex system Signal format of digital broadcasting
Data (file) Audio Video ES Data ES （stream) Data Informa- (carousel) SI PSI tion for scramble
PES Section
TS
(note) signal format of PES, TS and Section area is defined in ARIB STD-B32, based on MPEG-2 systems (note) PSI is defined in both STD-B32 and STD B10. In STD-B32, only outline related to MPEG -2 systems is defined 50 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
25 MPEG-2 Systems TS multiplexing method
184byte
Video PES header
188byte header TS header header header
Audio PES header
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PSI/SI relationship between PSI and SI
PSI SI function Signal selection from Support the program MPEG-2 TS selection Support plural TS Identify by TS_id only yes（broadcasting for plural TS) Time schedule none yes（program） support Information table table format Signal format section section Transmission Transmit repeatedly Transmit repeatedly style specification ISO/IEC 13818-1 ARIB STD-B10 reference - ISO/IEC 13818-1 scope Used for any media broadcasting
PSI Based on PSI, extend for SI broadcast service 52 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
26 Function of SI
• Supplement of PSI, control the receiver • Function of EPG( Electronic Program Guide); see below
BS-hi BS-2 BS-1
時刻 番組名 番組の説明 10:00 ド ラマ「○○○」 第 3 章「菓子のこ こ ろ」 +30 10:30 趣味講座 ハンド ク ラフト +30 11:00 歌のヒットパレード 出演：○×娘、ＸＸＸ、ほか +50 11:50 お昼のニュース 地下鉄事故、 +10 警察不祥事、ほか 12:00 お昼のバラエティ 今日のテーマ： +1:00 出演：◇◇◇夫、△△△子 Example of BS digital Broadcasting, for DTTB EPG is given by each broadcaster separately 53 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
4.4 Video Coding System
In Japan, HDTV had been developed since 1980’s, and analog HDTV trial service, named MUSE, has already started. Because of this situation, video coding system for DTV should support many video format and has capability of video format change according to display aspect ratio. because of above reasons, specifications of video coding should have following features (1) Video coding system; adopt most popular system MPEG2 (2) Support many types of video format; 480i/480p/1080i/720p (3) Specify the relationship of video source and display aspect ratio Video coding system is specified in ARIB STD-B32 Part 1(note)
(note) Video coding system for LDTV is specified in ARIB STD-B24 separately
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27 Video compression, coding block diagram
Video input Prediction error signal Coded data
Variable length Quantization DCT coding
Inverse quantization
Inverse DCT
Forward Prediction Bi- memory 1 directional
Backward Prediction Motion Compensation +DCT memory 2 Intra
Motion compensation
Motion vector Coded data Motion vector Variable length detection coding
(ARIB STD-B32 Part 1, chapter 4.1 ) 55 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
(a) Outline of video coding
(1)Compression system; MPEG2(MP@HL) (2) Video format
No. of line No. of pixel quality 1080i 1920*1080 HDTV (interlace) 720p 1440*720 HDTV (progressive) 480p 720*480 SDTV (progressive) 480i 720*480 SDTV (interlace)
D terminal: D1:480i, D2:480p, D3:1080i, D4:720p
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28 (b)Actual video bit rate
No. of line profile actual bit rate
1080i MP@HL BS:12-24Mbps DTTB:8-20Mbps 720p MP@H-14
480p MP@H-14 BS:4-24Mbps DTTB：4-20Mbps 480i 720*480 1.5-15Mbps
240p 720*480 0.2-4Mbps
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4.5 Audio Coding System (a) Audio Input Format Parameter Restriction Audio mode Possible Monaural, stereo, multichannel stereo (3/0, audio modes 2/1, 3/1, 2/2, 3/2, 3/2+LFE) (Note 1), 2-audio signals (dual monaural), multi-audio (3 or more audio signals) and combinations of the above Recommended audio Monaural, stereo, multichannel stereo (3/1, mode 3/2, 3/2+LFE) (Note 2), 2-audio signals (dual monaural) Emphasis None
(Note 1) Number of channels to Example:3/1 = 3 front + 1 rear front/rear speakers: 3/2 = 3 front and 2 rear (Note 2) LFE = Low frequency enhancement channel ARIB STD-B32 part 2 Chapter 5.1 58 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
29 (b) Main parameters of audio coding
Parameter Restriction
Bit stream format AAC Audio Data Transport Stream (ADTS) Profile Low Complexity (LC) profile
Max. number of coded 5.1 channels(Note) max. per ADTS channels Max. bit rate As per ISO/IEC 13818-7
(Note) 5 channels + LFE channel
ARIB STD-B32 part 2 Chapter 5.2
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AAC encoder Block Diagram Input tim e signal
Pre- Processing Perceptual Model Legend F ilter Data Bank Control
TNS AAC: advanced audio coding Intensity/ Coupling
Quantized Spectrum Prediction 13818-7 of B itstream Coded Audio Previous Formatter Stream Frame M/S Iteration Loops
Scale Factors
Rate/Distortion Quantizer Control Process
Noiseless Coding
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30 4.6 Data casting
Data Composition
MPEG2 Audio and Video
MUX
Data A Data B Data C Data A
Each data broadcast as module repeatedly. Same module will appear in some period. (MPEG / DSM-CC Data Carousel)
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Local content A Make DDB Section Module 0a Module 1a File File File Local Content B Modularize Module 0b Module 1b File File File
a BML application Making Carousel DDB: download DII Data exaction data block Generate Data event
DII: Carousel A Carousel B download information indicator Data event A Data Event B
One TV Program 62 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
31 Data Broadcasting
All DTTB Broadcasters and BS Broadcasters providing Data broadcasting (datacast) now
Program related information Anytime news Weather information Report of sports game etc,
Features Currently the description language is BML format Easy creation of contents
BML Facilitate convergence Based on of internet Functions for XHTML Broadcasting
XHTML Additional capability
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Example for Datacasting(1) Top menu
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32 Example for Datacasting(2) Weather news
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Example for Datacasting(3) Program related data
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33 ARIB STD-B24
• B24 consist of three volumes (four books) – Volume 1: Mono media – Volume 2 (book1/book2): BML – Volume 3: Transmission • Volume 2 consist of six parts – Main context (Standard) – Appendix 1 (Supplement of standard) – Appendix 2 (Basic profile) – Appendix 3 (Advanced profile) – Appendix 4 (Profile for Mobile phone) – Appendix 5 (Profile for Vehicle)
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Overview of datacasting services See STD B24 Vol.1 Informative explanation 1 • Example of services – EPG：TV Program selection – Index: Choice of TV program, contents – Subtitle: Synopsis subtitle, multi-language – Commentary audio: for vision-impaired – Program supplemental information: Additional information of TV Program (ex. brief) – Multi-view television (Multi angle) – User interaction program: Shopping, Questionnaire
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34 BML
• Multimedia data representation coding scheme for Digital broadcasting – Specified in XML – Textual notation – Extension for broadcasting feature • XHTML1.0 + ECMAScript + CSS1/2 + DOM1+ Broadcast Extension – All component defined by W3C, which is main stream for the internet content specification. – difference between broadcast content and internet content • bi-directional communication • hardware platform (CE vs PC)
69 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Difference between BML and HTML
BML HTML Sample
Suitable operation for TV
• Few hyperlinks per one screen • Many hyperlinks in one screen Feature • Intuitive providing information by using • Text centric information providing by small bitmap and video letter presentation • Scroll is optional • Suppose to scroll functionality • Update latest information automatically • Need to push “reload” button for retrieving • Synchronize between TV and Radio program latest information generally
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35 4.7 Video Coding for “One-seg” Service
•Video coding system; H.264/AVC( ITU-T Rec. H264|ISO/IEC 14496-10)
•Specified in ARIB-STD-B24, as one of Mono-media coding system
•Specified in Operational Guideline(TR-B14), as Video coding system for “One Seg” service
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EXAMPLE Recommended Operational Guideline for Baseline Profile (ARIB STD-B24 ANNEX G)
•Associated service requirement (1) Bitrate ; 64 – 384 Kbps (2) Video format; SQVGA, 525QSIF, QCIF, QVGA, 525SIF, CIF (3) Frame rate; 5,10, 12, 15, 24, 30 Hz (*1000/1001), no limitation for frame skip (4) Aspect ratio of picture; 4:3, 16:9
•Operation level; any of level 1, 1.1, 1.2
Parameter set of One-Seg broadcasting service
72 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
36 One Seg Service video coding parameter set
parameter Specification VideoVideo Coding system H264/AVC
Profile/level Baseline profile, level 1.2
Video format •320 Pixel * 240 line, or DataData 320 pixel * 180 line •Aspect ration of pixel; 1:1 •Minimum frame period; 1/15 second (video source; 30fps, or 24 fps) others Compatible to ARIB STD-B24
(specified in ARIB TR-B14)
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5. Commonality with Narrow-band ISDB-T(ISDB-Tsb) (ARIB STD-B29)
1. ISDB-Tsb Transmission System 2. Consecutive Transmission System 3. Experimental Broadcasting Infrastructure 4. Examples of Prototype Receiver and Service
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37 1. ISDB-TSB transmission system
(1) What is ISDB-TSB ISDB-TSB transmission system is unique in ISDB-T family. This transmission system has been standardized for narrow band ISDB-T transmission system, which is focused to audio and data service, therefore, called ISDB-TSB. (2) Commonality with ISDB-T (a) Same segment transmission construction. But ,considering narrow band reception, only 1 segment and 3 segment transmission systems are standardized (b) Adopt same transmission parameters as ISDB-T. (c) Commonality of 1 segment receiver with ISDB-T partial reception
(3) Efficient use of frequency resource (a) Consecutive transmission system. This system is unique for ISDB-TSB, this transmission system is to transmit plural channel without guard band (b) To achieve consecutive transmission, phase compensation technology at transmitter side is adopted
75 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Digital radio/digital TV compatible receiver
DTTB (UHF) DTV receiver 13 segment (partial reception operation (VHF+UHF) TV
DTSB (VHF) 3 segment receiver 3 segment system (VHF+UHF)
Radio
DTSB (VHF) 1 segment receiver 1 segment system (VHF+UHF) Radio
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38 Digital terrestrial broadcasting
Spectrum of 1 segment system and 3 segment system
Basic segment Basic segment CP CP
A layer B layer A layer B layer
周波数 周波数
430 kHz 1290kHz
1 segment system 3 segment system
77 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Transmission parameters
Mode 1 2 3 Segment(s) 1 or 3 Bandwidth 430kHz or 1.3MHz Carrier spacing 3.97kHz 1.98kHz 0.99kHz Total carriers 109 / 325 217 / 649 433 / 1297 Data carriers 96 / 288 192 / 576 384 / 1152 TMCC,AC,CP, 13 / 37 25 / 73 49 / 145 SP carriers Modulation QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, DQPSK
78 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
39 Spectrum utilization (2) Consecutive-segment Transmission of DSB channels
Transmission from single transmitter keeping OFDM -condition Conventional allocation
Guard bands Example of allocation … …
1.3MHz 430kHz 430kHz 1.3MHz
Frequency utilization efficiency will be improved up to 150%.
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Trial Services of DRP
VHF television band 2MHz(Overlapping) assignments VHF 6ch VHF 8ch VHF 7ch (Not 6MH use) z 4MH 188MH 192MH z z z 8 segments Segment structure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (Normally 13seg.)
3seg. broadcasting
Broadcast 91ch 92ch 93ch 94ch 95ch 95ch programs
Above example is Tokyo station , Osaka's all programs are 1seg. broadcasting. 80 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
40 Image of consecutive transmission and reception
A studioB Consecutive studio Segment C Transmission A B C D MUX studioD MOD/PA Frequency studio spectrum
Select required channel A B C D
Audio/dada OFDM tuner/ decoder DEM filter
（digital terrestrial audio receiver) channel select
81 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Details of ISDB-TSB transmitter block diagram
System controller (SCS)
Broadcaster studio PA SW
RE- FEC segment combine MUX ENC OFDM … … U/C Broadcaster MOD studio SW RE- FEC (OFDM MUX ENC MOD) IF signal
Test signal Sync. signal Monitor GEN. GEN.
After RE-MUX , frame and clock of each channel are synchronized 82 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
41 DRP Tokyo master rack room
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DRP Tokyo digital radio transmitter room
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42 Antenna
DTTB transmission Antenna(UHF band) MX TV antenna
Digital radio Special Transmission observation deck Antenna
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DRP prototype receiver(1 segment) 86 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
43 PDA type prototype receiver (KDDI/TFM/Vitec) 87 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
Pixela PC card type receiver 88 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
44 PC card type receiver (test product)
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Tokyo Apr. 1st 2004 91 92 93 94 95 98 NHK DR@ DigiQ+ DAZ94 D95 Digital Radio 98 The VICS TOKYO92 N93 Voice NHK FM NACK5 J-WAVE Ito-chu TOKYO FM Yokohama VICS QR Mega-port SONY NIPPON TBS radio TV asahi Radio broadcasting & (B NIPPON JFNC (B member) comunicati member) onsﾞ BAYFM Radio NIKKEII
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45 Example of DTSB service
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Thank You for Your Attention
Digital Broadcasting Expert Group
http://www.dibeg.org/ mail; [email protected]
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