Biology Pre-Learning Check s1

Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution Part 1: Matching Vocab. Match the term on the right with the definition on the left by placing the letter on the blank where it best matches.

1. ______when individuals are specifically chosen A. adaptation to reproduce and create the next B. adaptive radiation generation C. analogous structure 2. ______the idea that living things only come from D. artificial selection other living things E. biogenesis 3. ______as organisms change in the fossil record, F. coevolution different fossils called __ __ are found G. convergent evolution that get closer and closer to modern species H. divergent evolution 4. ______parts of an organism that no longer have a I. geographic isolation function, e.g. human’s appendix or tailbone J. gene pool 5. ______although phenotype frequency in a population K. genetic drift changes over time, the genotypes are L. gradualism relatively constant M. half life 6. ______using rates of atoms decay to get a specific N. Hardy-Weinberg age of an object/fossil equlibrium 7. ______where members of a population become O. homologous structure physically separated from others and P. morphology begin to change over time. Q. punctuated equilibrium 8. ______process where different species develop R. radiometric dating similar traits S. relative age 9. ______process by which allele frequencies change T. reproductive isolation in a population over time U. speciation 10. ______parts on an organism that are similar to V. spontaneous generation parts on another organism although they W. transitional species do not share a common ancestor; e.g. wings X. vestigial structure on birds and wings on insects 11. ______a trait that helps an organism survive its environment 12. ______process where two different species change/develop together over time 13. ______the processes where new species develop from others 14. ______where organisms are close to each other physically, but reproduce at different times or in different ways and begin to change over time 15. ______process where one species can become many different, similar ones, over time 16. ______changes in species happen at a slow, regular rate over time 17. ______the idea that living things can come from nonliving things 18. ______being able to tell if something is older or younger than something else (e.g. a fossil) but not exactly how old 19. ______appearance of an organism, used in the past to classify organisms 20. ______when many changes happen in a relatively quick amount of time, followed by long periods with little change

1 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution 21. ______process where a species develop to fill many ecological niches/jobs 22. ______the time it takes for ½ of the amount of an atom to decay 23. ______total genetic variation within a population 24. ______part of an organism that is similar to another organism due to a common ancestor, e.g. wings on bats and wings on birds.

25. Explain and give an example of spontaneous generation.

It took the efforts of three scientists to disprove spontaneous generation. Describe each one’s experiment. Drawing a picture may help but is not necessary. 26. Spalanzani

27. Redi:

28. Pasteur:

29. Miller and Urey did an experiment to show how life may have first formed on Earth. Describe their experiment and how they thought life first arose.

Charles Darwin set his theory of evolution on the work of other scientists. Describe each of these scientist’s ideas and how Darwin used them. 30. Cuvier

31. Lyell

32. Lamarck Darwin’s theory of Evolution relies on 4 points. Explain each: 33. overproduction of offspring 34. genetic variation

2 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution

35. struggle to survive

36. differential reproduction

There are many pieces of evidence for the modern Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Explain each of these: 37. Fossil evidence

38. Biogeography

39. Anatomy

40. Embryology

41. Biological Molecules

Evolution can happen in several different ways. Explain and give an example of each of these: 42. Divergent Evolution

43. Convergent Evolution

44. Artificial Selection:

45. Coevolution:

3 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution __Answer Key_ Part 1: Matching Vocab. Match the term on the right with the definition on the left by placing the letter on the blank where it best matches.

1. __D___ when individuals are specifically chosen A. adaptation to reproduce and create the next B. adaptive radiation generation C. analogous structure 2. __E___ the idea that living things only come from D. artificial selection other living things E. biogenesis 3. __W___ as organisms change in the fossil record, F. coevolution different fossils called __ __ are found G. convergent evolution that get closer and closer to modern species H. divergent evolution 4. __X___ parts of an organism that no longer have a I. geographic isolation function, e.g. human’s appendix or tailbone J. gene pool 5. __N___ although phenotype frequency in a population K. genetic drift changes over time, the genotypes are L. gradualism relatively constant M. half life 6. __R___ using rates of atoms decay to get a specific N. Hardy-Weinberg age of an object/fossil equlibrium 7. __I___ where members of a population become O. homologous structure physically separated from others and P. morphology begin to change over time. Q. punctuated equilibrium 8. __G__ process where different species develop R. radiometric dating similar traits S. relative age 9. ___K__ process by which allele frequencies change T. reproductive isolation in a population over time U. speciation 10. __C___ parts on an organism that are similar to V. spontaneous generation parts on another organism although they W. transitional species do not share a common ancestor; e.g. wings X. vestigial structure on birds and wings on insects 11. __A___ a trait that helps an organism survive its environment

12. __F___ process where two different species change/develop together over time

13. __U___ the processes where new species develop from others

14. ___T__ where organisms are close to each other physically, but reproduce at 4 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution different times or in different ways and begin to change over time 15. __H___ process where one species can become many different, similar ones, over time 16. __L___ changes in species happen at a slow, regular rate over time

17. __V___ the idea that living things can come from nonliving things

18. __S__ being able to tell if something is older or younger than something else (e.g. a fossil) but not exactly how old 19. ___P__ appearance of an organism, used in the past to classify organisms

20. __Q__ when many changes happen in a relatively quick amount of time, followed by long periods with little change 21. __B___ process where a species develop to fill many ecological niches/jobs

22. ___M__ the time it takes for ½ of the amount of an atom to decay

23. __J___ total genetic variation within a population

24. ___O__ part of an organism that is similar to another organism due to a common ancestor, e.g. wings on bats and wings on birds.

25. Explain and give an example of spontaneous generation. Spontaneous generation—living things could come from nonliving materials (cloth + wheat = mice)

It took the efforts of three scientists to disprove spontaneous generation. Describe each one’s experiment. Drawing a picture may help but is not necessary. 26. Spalanzani boiled broth to kill microbes left 1 open and it spoiled, closed the other and it stayed unspoiled. People said that sealing it left out a “vital force” of life that is in the air. 27. Redi:

5 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution used meat in a jar with a screen over it to show maggots came from eggs, not from the meat itself

28. Pasteur: Swan necked flasks- boiled broth in special flasks and left them open. That let the “vital force” in. They remain unspoiled to this day.

29. Miller and Urey did an experiment to show how life may have first formed on Earth. Describe their experiment and how they thought life first arose. The atmosphere contained ammonia, methane, water and carbon dioxide that made organic compounds under high temperatures

Charles Darwin set his theory of evolution on the work of other scientists. Describe each of these scientist’s ideas and how Darwin used them. 30. Cuvier Catastrophes caused extinctions at certain times in Earth’s past (theory called catastrophism)

31. Lyell 6 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution He said that the process that shapes Earth’s surface are the same ones that worked in the past. (called uniformitarianism)

32. Lamarck Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Darwin’s theory of Evolution relies on 4 points. Explain each: 33. overproduction of offspring More babies are made than will survive

34. genetic variation In a population, individuals have different traits

35. struggle to survive Individuals compete to survive (food, water, shelter…)

36. differential reproduction Only organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce

There are many pieces of evidence for the modern Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Explain each of these: 37. Fossil evidence  different organisms lived at _different_ times.

7 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution  today’s organisms are _different_ those of the past.  fossils found in adjacent layers are _more_ like each other than organisms that lived in widely separated time periods.  by comparing fossils and rocks from around the world, we can infer _when_ and _where_ different organisms existed.  Species have differed in a _gradual_ _sequence_ of forms over time.

38. Biogeography

• Study of the locations of organisms around the world • Organisms seemed closely related yet were adapted to different environments in nearby regions • Yet some organisms seemed unrelated and had similar adaptations

39. Anatomy

• the study of the body structure of an organism • Homologous structures- similar structures with common ancestorsà diff functions • Analogous structures- related functionsà not derived from the same ancestral structure • Vestigial structures- no longer have function

40. Embryology the study of how organism develop

41. Biological Molecules More the base sequence is similar; the more closely related the species are

Evolution can happen in several different ways. Explain and give an example of each of these: 42. Convergent evolution Different species evolve similar traits(analogous structures)

43. Divergent evolution 1 ancestor evolves into many others (homologous structures)

44. Adaptive radiation

8 Name: ______period: _____ Date: ______Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution 1 species evolves to fit many different niches (purposes) in an ecosystem

45. Artificial Selection Traits are chosen to be passed on (e.g.plant/animal breeding)

46. Coevolution 2 species evolve together (e.g. humans and bacteria in us)