Sociology Test #3

1. Colonialism is defined as: A) the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period. B) an approach which contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain. C) the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. D) none of these

2. The continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries is called: A) neocolonialism. B) colonialism. C) a world system. D) recolonization.

3. The world systems analysis is: A) Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India. B) Erving Goffman's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another. C) Talcott Parsons's view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability. D) Immanuel Wallerstein's view of the global economic system as divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited.

4. According to world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that: A) along with its multinational corporations controls and exploits noncore nations. B) has a marginal economic status. C) is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. D) none of these

5. Which of the following is a periphery nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Uganda D) the U.S.

6. Dependency theory is defined as: A) a functionalist approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in peripheral nations. B) a far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. C) an approach which contends that as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations. D) applying to the interactionist perspective.

7. Which sociological perspective would most likely compare the relationship between a colonial nation and the colonized people to the relationship between the dominant capitalist class and the proletariat class? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

8. The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as: A) globalization. B) dependency. C) colonialism. D) neocolonialism.

9. Which of the following is the best example of a multinational corporation? A) a Swiss bank with customers worldwide B) a hardware store that sells hammers from France and saws from Switzerland, as well as many products made in the U.S. C) Coca-Cola, which has bottling plants throughout the world D) all of these

10. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stability within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

11. Sociologists are quick to note that terms such as "modernization" and "development" contain a(an) ______bias. A) economical B) class C) ethnocentric D) scientific

12. The notion that peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed nations is known as: A) dependency theory. B) regional analysis. C) modernization theory. D) colonialism.

13. Foreign companies that establish operations in Mexico yet are exempt from Mexican taxes and are not required to provide insurance or benefits for their workers are known as: A) borderlands. B) maquiladoras. C) banditos. D) quesadillas.

14. What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance? A) ethnic group B) racial group C) social group D) reference group

15. German Americans, Italian Americans, and Norwegian Americans are all examples of: A) racial groups. B) ethnic groups. C) stereotypes. D) none of these

16. Which of the following is a minority group in the U.S.? A) women B) Protestants C) Whites D) all of these

17. In sociological terms, members of a minority group: A) experience unequal treatment. B) have a strong sense of group solidarity. C) generally marry others from the same group. D) all of these

18. A person proclaiming loudly that "all Black people are lazy, shiftless, and collect welfare" is an example of: A) discrimination. B) a stereotype. C) pluralism. D) exploitation theory.

19. Which of the following is an example of prejudice? A) John, who lives in Texas, believes that the U.S. is the best country in the world. B) Mary believes that all men are "pigs." C) Arnold refuses to hire Catholics to work in his office. D) Dawn likes to ice skate.

20. Prejudice is to discrimination as: A) norm is to value. B) attitude is to behavior. C) behavior is to attitude. D) good is to bad.

21. An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is known as: A) pluralism. B) a glass ceiling. C) institutional discrimination. D) exploitation theory.

22. Institutional discrimination is the: A) denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society. B) belief that individuals or groups should be denied equal rights and opportunities. C) stereotyping of people who work in public or private institutions. D) establishment of laws that intentionally deny opportunities and equal rights to members of minority groups.

23. Which sociological perspective views race from the macrolevel and purports the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

24. The practice of assuming that people who fit certain descriptions are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as: A) explanative prejudice. B) racial profiling. C) institutionalized stereotyping. D) contact hypothesis.

25. The contact hypothesis: A) is a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. B) states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. C) was a theory that gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa. D) is a Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups.

26. Genocide refers to the process of: A) combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.

27. The belief that the U.S. was a "melting pot," which became very compelling in the first part of the twentieth century, suggested that the nation had an almost divine mission to produce: A) pluralism. B) amalgamation. C) segregation. D) assimilation.

28. Which of the following would be an example of segregation? A) Jews and Catholics marrying one another and producing children B) interracial marriage C) confining Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II D) all of these

29. Jim Crow laws were passed in Southern states to: A) enforce official segregation. B) force legal integration. C) allow enslavement of Blacks. D) all of these

30. Which population group represents the largest minority in the U.S.? A) African Americans B) Latinos C) Asian Americans D) Jews

31. Which of the following terms refers to a political philosophy, promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s, which supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions? A) Rainbow Coalition B) Black Power C) civil rights D) manifest destiny

32. Pluralism in the U.S. is considered: A) a social norm. B) an ideal more than reality. C) a reality more than an ideal. D) a common socialized practice.

33. The U.S. government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." The relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates: A) creationism. B) fundamentalism. C) secularization. D) the Protestant ethic.

34. Many cultures have shamans, or spiritual guides, who assist individuals on spiritual journeys to the "underworld" or some other non-earthly realm. These shamanic journeys would likely be considered part of: A) the sacred. B) the profane. C) creationism. D) both the sacred and creationism.

35. According to your text, a table, an incense stick, and candelabra can all be considered: A) profane items. B) sacred items. C) neither sacred nor profane items. D) both sacred and profane items.

36. In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar? A) both are monotheistic B) both include a belief in prophets C) both believe in an afterlife D) all of these

37. Giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world are part of religion's: A) latent functions. B) manifest functions. C) manifest dysfunctions. D) latent dysfunctions.

38. Churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a: A) latent function. B) manifest function. C) manifest dysfunction. D) latent dysfunction.

39. Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations are referred to as: A) manifest functions of religion. B) latent functions of religion. C) dysfunctions of religion. D) interactionist approaches to religion.

40. Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

41. Which sociologist noted that religions often drug the masses into submission by offering a consolation for their harsh lives on earth and the hope of salvation in an ideal afterlife? A) Talcott Parsons B) Max Weber C) Émile Durkheim D) Karl Marx

42. What is the name of a social movement and trend emphasizing emphasis on doctrinal conformity and the literal interpretation of sacred text? A) dogmatism B) fundamentalism C) evangelism D) securalization

43. On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a seder are examples of religious: A) experiences. B) rituals. C) values. D) beliefs.

44. What is the term used to refer to the pilgrimage by Muslims to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia? A) hajj B) Sikh C) hajib D) Shia

45. A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a(an): A) cult. B) denomination. C) sect. D) ecclesia.

46. A denomination is a: A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

47. Which of the following is the largest single denomination in the U.S.? A) Roman Catholic B) Protestant C) Judaism D) Muslim

48. A new religious movement or cult is: A) generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) a concept, developed by J. Milton Yinger, for a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society. D) a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

49. What religion do many people who believe in creationism follow? A) Judaism B) Christian fundamentalism C) Christian Science D) Scientology

50. A sect is a: A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Study Guide Test #3

Chapter 10- Global Inequality

Key Terms: Colonialism, Neocolonialism, World Systems Analysis, Core/Semiperiphery/Periphery Nations, Dependency Theory, globalization, Multinational Corporations, enthnocentrism, Modernization Theory