1. Who Originally Colonized Haiti? ______

Haitian Revolution

1. Who originally colonized Haiti? ______

2. Who took Haiti from Spain in 1697? ______

3. What did they name Haiti?______

4. What was Haiti’s primary cash crop? ______

5. Slave population of Haiti in 1681: ______

6. Slave population of Haiti in 1789: ______

7. What was the turn over rate for slave populations on sugar plantations? ______

8. What types of communities popped up on the margins of Haitian society? ______

9. What did these communities do? ______

10. Who was the most popular of these bandits? ______

11. In what two ways was importing slaves more likely to cause rebellion as opposed to using domestic slaves? ______

12. Why are the French slave owners frightened of the National Assembly? ______

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13. What foreign power is interested in taking Haiti? ______

14. What two reasons are Sonthonax sent to Haiti? ______

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15. Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture? ______

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16. Who actually outlaws slavery in Haiti? Why does he do it? ______

17. What kind of relationship was L’Ouverture willing to have with France? ______

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18. On what conditions was L’Ouverture willing to have this relationship? ______

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19. What rumors began to swirl about the Directory and Haiti? ______

20. How does Napoleon feel about the abolition of slavery in Haiti? ______

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21. What action does Napoleon take to cement control over Haiti? ______

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22. What action does L’Ouverture take to prevent Napoleon’s power grab? ______

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23. How does Napoleon respond to the L’Ouverture Constitution? ______

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24. After LeClerc lands, how does the fighting go? ______

25. Why does L’Ouverture agree to meet with LeClerc? ______

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26. What does LeClerc do when L’Ouverture arrives? ______

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27. What happens to L’Ouverture in the end? ______

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28. Why can Napoleon not send reinforcements to Haiti? ______

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29. What effect does the Louisiana Purchase have on Napoleon’s ambitions in Haiti? ______

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30. What disease begins to effect the French army in Haiti? ______

31. Who declares Haiti to be a Free Republic? ______

32. What two American Presidents support the French in re-taking the island? ______

33. Which American President supports the Haitian Revolutionaries? ______

34. What accounts for the difference in American policy? ______

35. For what two reasons do Northerners mostly support the Haitian Revolution? ______

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36. Why do Southerners most oppose the Haitian Revolution? ______

Assessment: Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper.

“My decision to destroy the authority of the blacks in “Washington and Bonaparte emerged from the womb Saint Domingue (Haiti) is not so much based on of democracy: both of them born to liberty, the former remained faithful to her, the latter betrayed her.” considerations of commerce and money, as on the need -François-René de Chateaubriand to block for ever the march of the blacks in the world.” –Napoleon Bonaparte

37. Consider the above two quotes. How does Napoleon’s quote make Chateaubriand’s quote true?

38. Considering the idealism of the French Revolution, how can Napoleon’s quote be understood relating to the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

39. How was Napoleon “born to liberty?” How was Washington “born to liberty?”

40. How did Napoleon betray liberty?

"What could the death of one wretched Negro “Toussaint is a Negro and in the jargon of war has mean to me?" –Napoleon on the murder of been called a brigand. But according to all accounts he L’Ouverture is a Negro born to vindicate the claims of this species and to show that the character of men is independent of color. –London Gazette, 1798

41. Consider the above two quotes. Why was Napoleon so dismissive of Toussaint? Do you think this worked against him? How does the London Gazette seem to feel about L’Ouverture? Who do you think was more accurate and why?