Supplemental Table S1: 147 SNPs reported to be associated with T2D as of May 2005

Gene Name Full gene name Reference Common name dbSNP ID Risk/non- flanking sequence on (if risk allele strand assayed available) from previous report1 ABCA1 ATP-binding cassette, sub- 1; 2 IMS-JST105322 rs2020927 A/G family A member 1 gcaaaataca[A/G]gccacttctt ABCC8 ATP-binding cassette, sub- 3-5 Syn T759T rs1801261 A/G tatccaagtc[A/G]gtcgctgtct family C (CFTR/MRP, 4; 6-9 Intron 24 T/C rs1799854 A/G cagctggcct[A/G]cagggaggga member 8 7; 10 Syn R1273R rs4148643 T/C cagagagctc[T/C]ctgtgcaggg 11 IV38+54 rs4148646 2-sided G/C acggccacaa[G/C]aggccagtcc 11 IV18-36 rs4148628* gggtgcggaa[G/A]gcattctcag 11 IVS11-74 rs2074308 C/T acgctcagca[C/T]tggaagggaa 11 K649 rs1799858 T/C gggctggacg[T/C]ttgcggttca 11 S1369A rs757110‡† C/A tgtccagggg[C/A]gatgagggca 11 IVS19+123 rs8192692 2-sided A/G tggagtgcag[A/G]taagcacctg 1 IMS-JST032704 rs2283257 T/C aatccatcca[T/C]gggtgataac ABCC9 ATP-binding cassette, sub- 11 IVS13-76 rs1283802 G/T family C, member 9 cttactcaca[G/T]tgctacctaa ACDC/APM1 Adiponectin 12; 13 45G/T rs2241766 G/T ctctgcccgg[G/T]catgaccagg 12; 13 276T/G rs1501299 G/T ctatatgaag[G/T]cattcattat 14-16 -11377 G/C rs266729 C/G cagatcctgc[C/G]cttcaaaaac 14; 17 -11426 A/G rs16861194 G/A tggggtcgta[G/A]tttaattcat 18 I164T *‡ gcctaccaca[T/C]cacagtctat 15; 16 – 11391G/A rs17300539 2-sided A/G tgcaagaacc[A/G]gctcagatcc ADCYAP1 adenylate cyclase activating 19 G54D rs2856966‡ G/A polypeptide 1 (pituitary ccagacttcg[G/A]tggctcggag ADRB2 adrenergic, beta-2-, receptor, 20 5’UTR -47 T/C rs1042711 C/T tgggtccgcc[C/T]gctgaggcgc surface 21; 22 Q27E rs1042714† G/C cgtcacgcag[G/C]aaagggacga ADRB3 adrenergic, beta-3-, receptor 23 W64R rs4994‡ C/T ggccatcgcc[C/T]ggactccgag ALDOB Aldolase B 1 IMS-JST005886 rs506571 A/G caatgaacct[A/G]ccagaaaagt AKR1B1 aldose reductase 24 -106 C/T rs759853 C/T gcggcacccc[C/T]agcgcaacca ApoD Apolipoprotein D 25 TaqI rs2280520 G/A gggacaatcg[G/A]aggggcatgc BCHE butyrylcholinesterase 26 Ala567Gly rs1803274 T/C /CHLE tcccattctg[T/C]ttcatcaata CAPN10 calpain – 10 27; 28 SNP 19 rs3842570§ not successfully genotyped SNP 43 Intron 3 rs3792267 2-sided G/A gaagtaaggc[G/A]tttgaaggtg SNP 63 rs5030952 T/C gggggtggag[T/C]gaggggtggg 29; 30 SNP 44 C/T and C/T T504A rs2975760 acgcttgctg[C/T]gaagtaaggc CASQ1 calsequestrin 1 31; 32 CASQ2312 rs617698 2-sided G/A tctattcctt[G/A]tgaagttcca 31 CASQ2399 rs617599† G/A tggagggaag[G/A]ggagtcgggg 32 rs2275703 rs2275703 C/A ccagacaagc[C/A]cctccagtat CD38 CD38 antigen 33 R140W rs1800561*‡ acaggtccag[C/T]gggacatgtt COG2/LDLC Low density lipoprotein 1 2312A/G rs1051038 G/A receptor defect C- IMS-JST051114 complementing protein agcagcctta[G/A]gcatcttgga CRP C-reactive protein, pentraxin- 34 SNP 133552 rs2794521 C/T related agtgagaaca[C/T]gcggtgtttg ENPP1/PCSK1/P proprotein convertase 35; 36 K121Q rs1044498‡ C/A C1 subtilisin/kexin type 1 ctgcaaggac[C/A]agggcgactg FABP2 intestinal fatty acid binding 1 IMS-JST031915 rs1397613 T/G protein 2 agttaaagag[T/G]gaaggaaaca FRDA Friedreich ataxia 37 rs2498429 rs2498429 A/T ctaagtaaaa[A/T]gtatatacat GCGR Glucagon receptor 38; 39 G40S rs1801483*‡ gaagctctac[G/A]gtgaccagtg GFPT2 glutamine-fructose-6- 40 I471V rs2303007‡ C/T phosphate transaminase 2 gccacgccga[C/T]ctccggccct GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding 41 825T rs5443 T/C protein (G protein, beta polypeptide 3 gcatcacgtc[T/C]gtggccttct GYS1 glycogen synthase 1 42 XbaI A2 rs8103451 A/G gttactctag[A/G]atggagtgca HFE hemochromatosis 43 H63D rs1799945‡ G/C gttctatgat[G/C]atgagagtcg 44 C282Y rs1800562‡ A/G agatatacgt[A/G]ccaggtggag HNF1A/TCF1 hepatic nuclear factor 1 45 G391S rs1169305§ not successfully genotyped 46 GE117881_360 G/A aaaattagcc[G/A]ggtgtagtgg 46 GE117884_349 G/A catagaatta[G/A]cgtgtccttt 46 rs1169289† 2-sided C/G cggccctgct[C/G]gagtcagggc 47 Ala98Val rs1800574‡ T/C gaggaggcgg[T/C]ccaccagaaa 46 rs1920792 T/C agatcctacc[T/C]cattgggttg 46 rs2178463† A/G ccactgcgcc[A/G]tgcctgtcct 46 rs2393792† G/A caagtgatcc[G/A]cctgcctcag 46 rs2701175 C/A ttttttgtag[C/A]gatgaggtct HSD11B1 hydroxysteroid (11-beta 48 SNP1 rs846910§ not successfully genotyped dehydrogenase 1 SNP5 rs12086634 T/G caaccccaga[T/G]gatttcttaa HSP70-2/HSPA2 heat shock 70kDa protein 1B 49 P2 rs1061581§ C/G not successfully genotyped HTR2C 5-hydroxytryptamine 50 -995 G/A rs3813928§ not successfully genotyped (serotonin receptor 2C -759 C/T rs3813929 T/C cccctcatcc[T/C]gcttttggcc IDE insulin-degrading enzyme 51; 52 -179 T/C rs4646953 A/G aggacggtga[A/G]gaccgcggac IL-6 53; 54 -174 G/C rs1800795 C/G tgtgtcttgc[C/G]atgctaaagg interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 54 -598A/G rs1800797† G/A 2 aaatttgagg[G/A]tggccaggca IL-6R interleukin 6 receptor 55 Asp358Ala rs8192284‡ A/C ctagtgcaag[A/C]ttcttcttca 56 V385I (SNP12 rs2228146‡§ not successfully genotyped INS proinsulin precursor 11 3p+9 rs3842752 A/G ggctgcctgc[A/G]ggctgcgtct INSR insulin receptor 57 V985M rs1799816*‡ T/C tcgtccggca[T/C]gtacacagag 11 IVS6+43 (SNP131 rs2860177 2-sided T/G cctcgcctcc[T/G]cagcgtctct 11 IVS6+31 (SNP132 rs2860178 2-sided A/G ccggtccctc[A/G]tgccaaaaag 11 IVS7+28 (SNP130 rs7252268 A/C tcttccacta[A/C]accggtccct IPF1 insulin promoter factor 1, 58 Asp76Asn *‡ homeodomain cctcgccgac[A/G]accccgcggt IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1 41; 59; 60 G972R rs1801278‡ A/G tgcacctccc[A/G]gggctgctag 61 -7120 G/A rs12053536 T/C attgctaggt[T/C]accatgtccc 61 -446 G/A rs13306465 T/C cctctggaag[T/C]agcgattccc 61 Ala 804 rs1801123 C/T aagaatcatc[C/T]gctgttgcag IRS2 Insulin receptor substrate-2 62 G1057D rs1805097‡ 2-sided T/C tgaggcggcg[T/C]ccgggccctg ITGB3/PIA1/GPII integrin, beta 3 (platelet 63; 64 A2 rs5918 T/C Ia glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61 gccctgcctc[T/C]gggctcacct KCNJ9 potassium inwardly- 65 SNP3 A/G rs2180752 A/G aaactagacc[A/G]tgatggtcag rectifying channel, subfamily SNP11 T/C rs2737705 C/T cagtagacaa[C/T]tggtccactc J, member 9 SNP13 A/G rs2753268 G/A ggatgaaggc[G/A]tgcaaggggc KCNJ11 potassium inwardly- 11; 66-70 E23K (I337V rs5219‡ A/G ggaccctgcc[A/G]agcccaggta rectifying channel, subfamily † 11 A190 rs5218 G/A cgtggcgcag[G/A]gcgatcaccg J, member 11 11 3p+215 rs5210 G/A agccagtcct[G/A]aattgggttg Lep Leptin 1 IMS-JST026278 rs2278815 G/A aatgagaggg[G/A]ctgtgtaagg LIPC lipase, hepatic 11 IVS1+49 rs8192701 C/T ctttttaaaa[C/T]gtgtgtcaca 71 -250 G/A rs2070895§ not successfully genotyped LPL lipoprotein lipase 72 Intron 6 PvuII rs285 T/C catcttttag[T/C]agctgtgggg LTA lymphotoxin alpha (TNF 73 T60N rs1041981‡ A/C superfamily gcccacagca[A/C]cctcaaacct MCP1/CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif ligand 74 -2518 G/A rs3760399 A/G 2 tgaaatggcc[A/G]ctccatagag MET Hepatocyte growth factor 1 IMS-JST054758 rs38848 T/C tagatatgtt[T/C]tcaaatgcaa receptor T3912C, IMS- rs41736 T/C JST000713 cttatcctga[T/C]gtaaacacct MGEA5 Meningioma-expressed 75 LLY-MGEA5-14 § antigen 5 not successfully genotyped NEUROD1 neurogenic differentiation 1 76; 77 Ala45Thr rs1801262‡ T/C gcgttcatgg[T/C]ttcgaggtcg NOS3 Endothelial nitric oxide 78 E298D rs1799983 T/G ccccagatga[T/G]cccccagaac /eNOS synthase IVS18 + 27A/C rs1799984§ not successfully genotyped PAX4 paired box gene 4 79-81 R121W rs2233578*‡ gacctgagcc[G/A]tgtgcacggt PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate 82 -232 C/G rs2071023 C/G carboxykinase 1 tgtgtcaaaa[C/G]tcactatggt PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, 11 IVS4+82 rs8192680§ regulatory subunit not successfully genotyped PKLR pyruvate kinase, liver and 83 PKLR1 rs3020781 G/A aatttttgtt[G/A]aatgaatgac RBC PKLR2 rs2071053† G/A ccaaccctac[G/A]ggcgccgcct PKLR4 R569R rs1052176† T/G cttagcaccc[T/G]catgatgttg PKLR5 rs1052177† G/A gggccagagg[G/A]gggaggggc g PPARG peroxisome proliferative 84-91 P12A rs1801282‡ C/G tcctattgac[C/G]cagaaagcga activated receptor, gamma 92 1431 C/T rs3856806 T/C tcacggaaca[T/C]gtgcagctac PPARGC1A/PGC peroxisome proliferative 11; 93; 94 G482S rs8192678‡ G/A 1 activated receptor, gamma, see coactivator 1 95 agacaagacc[G/A]gtgaactgag 11 T528T rs3755863† C/T aataggattg[C/T]gtgccatccc PPP1R3 Protein phosphatase type-1 96; 97 D905Y rs1799999‡ C/A glycogen targeting subunit ctattagtgt[C/A]tgagttaaaa PRKCZ protein kinase C, zeta 98 rs436045 rs436045 G/A tgcctgtcag[G/A]tttggtccaa PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide 99 rs20417 rs20417 C/G gaaagagagg[C/G]gggaaaggt synthase 2 precursor a rs2066826 rs2066826 C/T tgggtataag[C/T]ggtaataact PTPN1/PTP1B protein tyrosine phosphatase, 100-102 Nons P387L rs16995309*‡ T/C gctgcctccc[T/C]agccaaaggg non-receptor type 1 Syn exon8 C/T rs2282146 C/T agcccccacc[C/T]gagcatatcc rs718630 rs718630 G/T ctgttgcaca[G/T]gtaaagtgcc rs2206656 rs2206656 G/C tgcaataata[G/C]cttgtgacat rs3787345 rs3787345† C/T gctacctctg[C/T]ggagctgtgg rs4811078 rs4811078 C/T gaaactccgt[C/T]taaaaaaaaa rs718049 rs718049† G/A tggtccacgc[G/A]ccctgttccc rs941798 rs941798 A/G gcaccaaagt[A/G]tcatcctagt rs3787348 rs3787348† not genotyped rs718050 rs718050† A/G ttgagtacct[A/G]ttgatatgtg rs754118 rs754118† not genotyped rs2282147 rs2282147† not genotyped PYY peptide YY 11 IVS3+68 rs162430 A/G acgtcgttaa[A/G]tgatgttgcc RETN resistin 103; 104 -420 rs1862513 C/G gacatgaaga[C/G]ggaggccctg SLC2A1/GLUT1 solute carrier family 2 105-108 XbaI rs841853 A/C (facilitated glucose transporter, member 1 gaagagcttt[A/C]tagacttcag SLC2A2 109 TaqI rs6785803† 2-sided C/G gtataggctc[C/G]attattgtcg 11 IVS5-15 rs5406† 2-sided A/G ccaagaaaat[A/G]atcaggttga solute carrier family 2 11 T198 rs5404 2-sided T/C taagaatgcc[T/C]gtgacgatgg (facilitated glucose 11 T110I rs5400‡ 2-sided A/G gaatgatgca[A/G]tcattccacc transporter, member 2 110 Phe497 rs5398 2-sided A/G taaaaaatgt[A/G]aacagggtaa SORBS1 sorbin and SH3 domain 111 T228A rs2281939‡ T/C containing 1 gatggtggcg[T/C]ctggctaatg SOS1 son of sevenless homolog 1 11 IVS17+53 rs7577088 A/G ttaatgaaat[A/G]agtgttttgt SPINK1 serine protease inhibitor, 112 N34S rs17107315‡ C/T Kazal type 1 attaagttca[C/T]tgtaacattt SREBF1 Sterol regulatory element- 113 SNP17, +54G/C, rs2297508 G/C binding protein -1 exon 18c ggaagccttt[G/C]cctaggtgct TNF Tumor necrosis factor alpha 1 IMS-JST005889 rs1800610 A/G agaaaaaaac[A/G]tggagaaaga 49; 114 -308 G/A rs1800629 A/G gaggggcatg[A/G]ggacggggtt 115 -857 C/T rs1799724† T/C ccccccttaa[T/C]gaagacaggg UCP1 uncoupling protein 1 116 5’ UTR A/C rs10011540 G/T ccgatttctg[G/T]tttttgaacc M229L rs2270565† A/T ggggaggaca[A/T]agctgttgcg UCP2 uncoupling protein 2 117; 118 -866G/A rs659366 2-sided C/T gggtaactga[C/T]gcgtgaacag 119 Ala55Val rs660339‡ T/C cgcgctacag[T/C]cagcgcccag UCP3 uncoupling protein 3 120 5’ -55 C/T rs1800849 G/A ttatacacac[G/A]ggctgacctg UTS2 urotensin 2 121 S89N rs2890565‡ T/C aatgttggta[T/C]ttgagtctga VLDLR very low density lipoprotein 1 IMS-JST014197 rs2242103 A/T receptor agacttaatc[A/T]ggttagtttg WFS1 Wolfram syndrome 1 122; 123 R456H rs1801208‡ G/A ccctacacgc[G/A]cagggccctg H611R rs734312‡ A/G ctgctgttgc[A/G]ctggtggacc WNT5b wingless-type MMTV 124 Intron 4+438 rs2270031 C/G integration site family, IMS-JST024404 tcttccactt[C/G]aacctttgac member 5B Intron 4 + 6763 rs2270036 C/T IMS-JST024409 cttaccgccc[C/T]ggcctcattc 1 Alleles are designated according to the strand typed in our study 2-sided indicates SNPs tested with a 2-sided test because the previous risk allele was difficult to determine for ambiguous SNPs (such as C/G) or the SNP shows evidence for association with both alleles in different studies * SNPs that were monomorphic or MAF < .005 in our sample ‡ nonsynonymous SNPs † SNPs in r2 > .8 with another genotyped SNP (r2 values are given in Table S3) § SNP could not be successfully genotyped in our sample References for Table S1

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