Unified Summative Assessment

Appendix B

UNITED STATES HISTORY 2010-2011

STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS:

1. DO NOT BEGIN WORK UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. 2. DO NOT WRITE IN THE BOOKLET. 3. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS BY MARKING THE CORRECT CHOICE ON YOUR GRADE MASTER FORM WITH A #2 PENCIL.

4. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS IN THE TEST BOOKLET. 5. HAND IN THE TEST BOOKLET AND YOUR GRADE MASTER FORM WHEN INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

6. YOU WILL BE GIVEN 85 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS TEST.

The New Castle County Vocational-Technical School District 1417 Newport Road Wilmington, DE 19804 Use the statement and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 1.

“With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds… to do all which achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves and with all nations.”

1. What historical period was Lincoln envisioning in his Second Inaugural Address of 1865? a. Reconstruction b. The Civil War c. The Gilded Age d. The Antebellum period

2. Which of the following would most likely contain historical facts on the Reconstruction era? a. A diary of a former slave who lived during Reconstruction b. An encyclopedia article containing dates and events from Reconstruction c. Southern newspapers published during Reconstruction d. A personal letter from Andrew Johnson to his family in Tennessee

3. Although important strides were made, Reconstruction failed to provide lasting guarantees of the civil rights of the freedmen.” What evidence could be used to come to this conclusion? a. Passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1866. b. Refusal of southern states to allow sharecropping. c. Ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th, amendments. d. Passage of Jim Crow laws

4. In their plans for Reconstruction, what did both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson seek? a. Punish the South for starting the Civil War. b. Allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible. c. Establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South. d. Force the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Government.

Use the statements and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 5.

Historian Claude Bowers (1929) – “Andrew Johnson who fought the bravest battle for Constitutional liberty and for the preservation of our institutions ever waged by an executive”

Historian W.E.B. Du Bois (1935) - Andrew Johnson could not include Negroes in any conceivable Democracy, he tried to but as a poor white, steeped in the limitations, prejudices and ambitions of his social class, he could not.”

5. Why might these historians have such differing views of the same topic? a. Personal points of view and background b. Choice of questions and use of sources c. Time period in which they are writing d. All of the above Use the information below and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 6.

“If freedmen are good law abiding citizens, paying for it’s [the nation’s] prosperity, rejoicing in its progress, paying its taxes, fighting its battles, making it’s farms, mines, work-shops and commerce more productive, why deny them the right to have a voice in the election or its rulers?

6. Why did the writer feel that freedmen should have the right to vote? a. The freedmen had been slaves b. Lincoln supported the right to vote c. Freedmen were contributing to the country d. Freedmen supported the radical republicans

7. How did the invention of the light bulb change labor conditions in the United States? a. Workers could light their homes b. Production could continue into the night c. Electric companies could raise their prices d. Cities reduced crime by lighting city street

8. Which of the following is NOT a trend in the late 1800’s? a. The rich got richer. b. Labor unions developed. c. Immigration to the U.S. increases. d. The population decreases in Eastern cities.

Use the cartoon and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 9.

9. Which social injustice is the cartoonist trying to draw attention to? a. Child labor b. Unequal employment opportunities c. The factory system d. Employee benefits

10. What did critics of industrial leaders negatively refer to them as during the late 1800’s? a. Socialists b. Robber Barons c. Philanthropists d. Captains of Industry Use the information below and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 11.

Speaker 1: The size of business is not the problem: businesses must be allowed to grow. However, they must be regulated to guarantee that they will serve the public good. Speaker2: The very size of large business combinations makes them a threat to the public. Big businesses must be broken up to ensure that they do no harm. Speaker 3: Business growth is at the very heart of the nation’s economy. Government must allow businesses to grow and prosper without interference. Speaker 4: The government should control big business.

11. Which speaker best expresses the point of view held by supporters of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890? a. Speaker 1 b. Speaker 2 c. Speaker 3 d. Speaker 4

Question 12 refers to the concept map below: Nativism Political machines ? Sweatshops Tenement dwellings

12. Which of these terms best completes the diagram? a. Populism b. Immigration c. Reconstruction d. Women’s suffrage

13. Which of the following trends resulted from the railroad construction “boom” of the late 1800’s? a. Amount of conflicts between the United States and Europe increased b. Amount of goods and services available to the eastern cities was limited c. United States government restricted migration d. West was opened for travel and business opportunities.

14. What contributed to the industrial growth of the late 1800’s? a. Developments in processing steel and oil. b. The creation of department stores. c. The invention of the airplane. d. The growth of labor unions.

15. What has been the main purpose of labor unions? a. To help pioneers settle in the West b. To end slavery of African Americans c. To help people move to other countries d. To protect the jobs and interest of workers 16. Which interpretation about immigration to the United States is most accurate? A. The desire for economic advancement has been a major reason for immigration to the United States B. The ethnic mix of immigrants to the United States has remained mostly unchanged. C. The number of immigrants has remained constant in each decade during most of United States history. D. Nearly all immigrants have easily assimilated into American culture

Use the statement and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 17.

Writer Upton Sinclair observed, “The Depression is one of abundance, not of scarcity. The cause of the trouble is that small class has the wealth, while the rest have debts.”

17. Why factor most likely led Upton Sinclair to formulate this opinion? a. Farmland was so expensive. b. There was an increase in consumer spending. c. There was such a gap between the rich and the poor. d. Salaries for men would usually rise while women’s’ would fall.

18. This cartoon was drawn in the late 1800’s. What growing U.S. desire is the cartoonist trying to express? a. Continue the policy of isolationism b. Re-establish the Monroe Doctrine c. Concentrate on domestic issues d. Acquire new territory Use the chart and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 19.

United States Exports 1870-1920 Year Dollars (in Billions) of US Exports 1870 1,000,000,000 1880 1,000,000,000 1890 1,000,000,000 1900 1,500,000,000 1910 2,000,000,000 1920 8,000,000,000

19. Economists could use this table to justify how American involvement overseas benefited the United States economy. a. True b. False

20. What was the main reason for industrialized nations attempting to colonize other countries? a. Further scientific discoveries b. Find jobs for Americans abroad c. Prevent a world war from breaking out d. Find new markets and natural resources

21. The Progressive reform movement that began in the late 1800’s was an attempt to bring about changes in which of the following areas of American life? a. Under production of farm goods b. International isolation c. Labor conditions d. Westward expansion

22. What did the Muckrakers do in the Progressive Era? a. They were the leaders in the Red Scare b. They helped sell war bonds during World War I c. They exposed problems present in American society d. They did not want the United States to have colonies Use the chart and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 23.

Women in the U.S. Labor Force (1890–1980) Number of Percent Women of the Year Employed Labor Force Outside Composed the Home Of Women 1890 3,600,000 16.8% 1900 5,000,000 17.0% 1910 7,700,000 19.5% 1920 8,300,000 20.0% 1930 10,600,000 20.4% 1940 13,800,000 27.1% 1950 18,300,000 29.6% 1960 23,200,000 33.4% 1970 32,500,000 38.1% 1980 45,400,000 42.4% Source: Historical Statistics of the United States

23. According to information in the chart, the role of women in the U.S. economy -- a. has changed very little b. peaked during World War II c. grew during the 1900’s d. has been limited to traditional jobs

24. Which one of the following was a consequence of Germany authorizing unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic Ocean during WWI? a. Germany creates nuclear submarine b. U.S. enters WWI c. Mobilization of armies by the Central Powers d. U.S. stops trade with England

25. What was one immediate result of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand? a. Serbia declares war on Austria-Hungary b. Russia declares war on Germany c. England declares war on France d. U.S. declares war on Japan

“The voters . . . have seen lives lost, property ruined, privations suffered, on a greater scale than the world had ever known, and they have seen existence become harder, not only for the men who are fighting, but for all the inhabitants of the stricken countries. They have seen nation after nation drawn in, until the roll of the original combatants has been doubled. (nations were brought in to assist other nations because of relationships they built together)” - Excerpt from The New York Times in October 1916

26. According to this news article, what brought so many countries into WWI? a. Alliances b. Militarism c. Imperialism d. Nationalism

“One of the greatest of international duties ought to be the protection of small, highly civilized, well-behaved and self-respecting states from oppression and conquest by their powerful military neighbors.” - America and the World War, 1915

27. What does the above passage suggest is the proper response of the United States? a.Neutrality b.To isolate ourselves from the rest of the world c.To refuse to send loans and supplies to other countries d.To intervene to protect small nations against aggression and invasion

28. All of the following were conditions of the Treaty of Versailles and contributed to the outbreak of WWII except a.The treaty forced Germany to pay reparations to Allied countries b.The treaty forced Germany to accept full responsibility for causing the war. c.The treaty allowed the United States military to occupy Germany. d.The treaty forbade Germany from having a standing army. Study the graph below to answer question 29.

Deaths in World War I 2 ) s n o

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29. About how many deaths did the three Central Powers suffer during the war? a.2 million b.3.5 million c.1.5 million d.5 million

30. Which of the following was an immediate result of the stock market crash of 1929? a.A major banking crisis. b.An increase in consumer spending. c.The permanent closing of the stock market. d.The value of stock increasing exponentially. Use the chart and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 31.

Workers Yearly Wages Year Farm Workers Factory Workers 1920 $ 1790 $ 1490 1921 $ 1190 $ 1320 1922 $ 1127 $ 1260 1923 $ 1251 $ 1400 1924 $ 1248 $ 1420 1925 $ 1267 $ 1445 1926 $ 1330 $ 1476 1927 $ 1302 $ 1502 1928 $ 1290 $ 1534 1929 $ 1300 $ 1543 1930 $ 1177 $ 1488 1931 $ 914 $ 1369 1932 $ 669 $ 1150 31. What thesis could a historian come to using the source above? a.Farm and factory workers suffered evenly during the Great Depression b.Factory workers suffered more during the Great Depression. c.Farm workers suffered more during the Great Depression. d.Factory workers benefited from the Great Depression.

“Our system is founded on the conception that only through ordered liberty, through freedom to the individual, and equal opportunity to the individual will his initiative and enterprise be summoned to spur the march of progress….It is in the further development of this cooperation and a sense of its responsibility that we should find solution for many of our complex problems and not by the extension of government into our economic and social life. – Herbert Hoover, 1932

32. What thesis could this quote be used to establish? a.Herbert Hoover did not support government involvement in the economy to help Americans during the Great Depression b.Herbert Hoover supported government involvement in the economy to help Americans during the Great Depression

33. What were Roosevelt’s policies to provide relief, recovery, and reform known as? a.New Deal b.Square Deal c.New Frontier d.New Freedoms

“So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself” - The quote above is part of Roosevelt’s first inaugural address.

34. What is the main purpose of this speech? a.to create jobs for everyone who didn’t have them b.to keep the Republicans from gaining control of Congress c.to claim that our problems were caused by foreign countries d.to reassure a frightened nation that the problems we are facing can be fixed

35. What did FDR’s election in 1932 lead to a complete change in? a.The United States domestic policy. b.Foreign military environment. c.The governments of Europe. d.The European military. Use the cartoon and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 36.

36. Which of the following interpretations best reflects the view of the cartoonist about New Deal programs? a.The programs ended the Depression. b.The programs caused the Depression. c.The programs were complicated and difficult to manage. d.The programs were ineffective in reducing the national debt.

37. How did New Deal programs and policies change the role of the federal government in domestic affairs over time? a.The federal government expanded its role by providing for the welfare of its citizens. b.The federal government implemented new security procedures by interning suspected traitors and spies. c.States were given the exclusive power to implement relief programs for unemployment. d.States were granted authority to regulate businesses within their boundaries.

38. What was the most immediate cause of the United States entering World War II? a.Italy conquered Ethiopia b.Germany attacked Poland c.Russia invaded Manchuria d.Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

39. The shortage of traditional labor created by WWII contributed to a change in which of the following trends in American society? a.Children work 10-12 hour days b.Women’s ability to find employment c.African Americans were forced to attend different schools than whites d.Many southern states had Jim Crow laws in effect 40. Which group of Americans was forced out of their homes and businesses and placed in internment camps after the bombing of Pearl Harbor? a.Japanese Americans b.Chinese Americans c.German Americans d.Italian Americans

“We must be the great arsenal for Democracy”- Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1940

41. Researchers could use this quote to support which of the following thesis statements? a.FDR wanted to continue an isolationist policy during World War II b.FDR wanted to support the Axis Powers during World War II c.FDR wanted to give aid to the Allied Powers during World War II d.FDR wanted to aid French colonies during World War II

Use the graph and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 42.

42. Which conclusion is best supported by the information on the graph?

A. By 1929, few automobiles in the world were produced in the United States. B. The average American family found the automobile too expensive to purchase. C. Changes in economic conditions led to changes in automobile production. D. The level of automobile production remained constant. Use the statement and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 46.

“On July 21, coming to the awful conclusion that it would probably be the only way the Japanese might be made to surrender quickly…we finally selected four possible target areas, all heavy military—manufacturing areas: Hiroshima, Kokura, Nagasaki, and Nigata.”

Where the Buck Stops: The Personal and Private Writings of Harry S. Truman - Margaret Truman

43. What action did President Truman authorize as a result of his point of view as expressed above? a.Use the atomic bomb on Japan b.Pull America out of WWII c.Invade Germany and Japan d.Make alliances with Japan

44. “The United States was justified in dropping Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki” Which of the following events could a historian use to support this statement? a.Battle of Midway b.Battle of the Bulge c.Bombing of Pearl Harbor d.Invasion on Normandy

Use the poster and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 45.

45. What does this World War II poster show? a.Women refused to volunteer to help in the war effort. b.The government tried to recruit women to fight in the war. c.Female military officers commanded both male and female troops. d.The government sought women to fill jobs left vacant by men. Use the information in the box below to answer question 46.

General U.S. Economic Conditions in the 1950s

 The minimum wage increased 33% in 1955.  Unemployment averaged 4.5%  Average family income rose 15%  Real wages went up 20%  Building the Interstate Highway System provided jobs for 150,000 construction workers.

46. Based on the information in the box, what conclusion can be drawn about the 1950s? a.The 1950s was a time of prosperity. b.The United States was at peace during this period. c.The New Deal programs were established in the 1950s. d.The value of U.S. exports was greater than U.S. imports.

47. One result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was that restaurants, hotels, and other public facilities could no longer legally a.set their own prices b.serve alcohol to minors c.pay men more than women d.restrict service on the basis of race

48. The sit-ins of the 1960s were an attempt to a.peaceably demonstrate in favor of civil rights issues. b.argue for black separation from the white race. c.to increase the profits of segregated businesses. d.seek reform through violent protest.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. . . - Martin Luther King, Jr.

49. What does “the true meaning of its creed” refer to in the “I have a Dream” speech? a.keeping the world safe for democracy b.having nothing to fear but fear itself c.that all men are created equal d.the doctrine of separate but equal Use the headlines and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 50. 50. Which newspaper headline would be a result of the arrest of Rosa Parks? a.Headline 1 B. Headline 2 C. Headline 3 D. Headline 4

51. In the 1960s the Black Panthers differed from Martin Luther King, Jr. What was the major difference in their beliefs? a.Avoid controversial situations. b.Use armed resistance in response to discrimination. c.Cooperate with elected officials. d.Prepare to move to Africa.

52. What goal was most important in shaping United States foreign policy between 1945 and 1990? a.Providing oil to all poor countries to help them develop economically and technologically. b.Preventing the spread of communism to new areas and weakening it where it already existed. c.Encouraging trained scientists and other skilled workers who lived in foreign countries to immigrate to the United States. d.Strengthening the United States industrial and agricultural sectors to help them compete against the British and the French. Use the graph and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 53.

53. What is the best explanation for the trend in national defense spending between 1945 and 1950? a.Division of the United Nations. b.End of World War II. c.Creation of the League of Nations.

“By overextending policy and power and refusing to accept Soviet interests, American policy- makers contributed to the Cold War… There is evidence that Soviet policies were reasonably cautious and conservative, and that there was at least a basis for accommodation. - Barton Bernstein American Foreign Policy and the Origins of the Cold War, 1989

54. Which interpretation below supports Bernstein’s point of view? a. America is somewhat responsible for beginning the Cold War b. Soviet Union wanted to create Democracies in Eastern Europe c. Soviet Union is completely responsible for beginning the Cold War d. America was not concerned with Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe

55. What was the main purpose of enacting the policy of Containment? a. Promoted the spread of Communism. b.Resisted the spread of Communism. c.Helped Poland recover after World War II. d.Gained control of Greece and Turkey.

56. Which of the following is likely to occur when a person does effective research? a.Only reads newspaper articles b.Only reads textbooks c.Does not identify bias in sources d.None of the above should occur in effective research Use the statement and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 57.

“You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly.” – President Dwight Eisenhower

57. According to President Eisenhower’s quote how did the domino theory reflect the political situation in Southeast Asia? a.Dictators were dangerous b.Communism would not spread c.Communism would spread quickly d.The spread of Communism was NOT a real threat

Use the headlines and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 63.

Brighter Days Ahead as Government Election Day Transitions to a Democracy Which Candidate Will Lead Us to Glory?

Transition Causes Spike in New Business Opportunities on the Unemployment Rate - Thousands Left Rise as Government Privatizes Homeless

58. Which of the headlines above is from the perspective of someone who was against the transition from a communist form of government to a democracy? a.Headline 1 b.Headline 2 c.Headline 3 d.Headline 4 Use the headline and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 59.

59. The event reported in the headline above contributed to the — a.Development of better relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. b.Growing hostility between the United States and Cuba. c.United States victory in the Spanish-American War. d.Rapid collapse of communism in Central America.

Use the graph and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 60.

The Energy Crisis: Oil Prices, 1973-1981 35

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e 10 c i r 5 P 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 Year 60. What was the trend in the price of a barrel of oil during the Energy Crisis? (1) a.It was continually increasing. b.Both increase and decreased c.It continuously decreased. d.It remained stable.

Use the timeline and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 61.

61. What thesis is supported by information on the time line? a.Pollution was not a problem before the 1960s. b.Technology creates more problems than it solves. c.Many companies were unaware of the effects of environmental pollution. d.Americans expressed concerns about the environment during this period

Historian A “He is the Chief Executive of the Republic as we provided in the Constitution. He is the man with the authority, the responsibility and the power to do what is best for the country.

Historian B “Now it is deemed necessary to protect the people from the Government, rather than protecting the Government from the people."

Historian C “Newspapers were printing national secrets reported from traitors. Mr. Nixon seemed to believe that extraordinary methods were called for, and I for one cannot blame him."

62. Which historian’s point of view supports the impeachment of President Richard Nixon? a. Historian A b. Historian B c. Historian C 63. What historical theme is represented by the 19th Amendment, Roe v. Wade, and the Equal Employment Act? a. Role of women has not changed. b. Granting more rights to women over time c. Secondary sources about the role of women d. Women and men have always had the same opportunities

Franklin D. Roosevelt Ronald Reagan

64. What point of view does the cartoon suggest that President Ronald Reagan supported? a.There should be an end to all federal and state social programs b.Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs should continue c.State governments should have more power than the federal government d.The federal government should raise taxes.

65. What new executive department was established after the attacks in New York City and Washington D.C. on September 11th 2001? a.National Security b.Department of Defense c.Department of Agriculture d.Department of Homeland Security Use the statement and your knowledge of U.S. History to answer question 66.

Historian A The beautiful country of Iraq has been devastated by the aggressive pursuit for weapons of mass destruction…which have not been found. In addition, the Iraqi people should determine their political structure without the American involvement.

Historian B In order to protect the American citizens from terrorism and Iraqi citizens from anarchy it is necessary to continue the war in Iraq until a stable form of government has been well established.

66. Who would most likely support one of the perspectives above? a.Anti-war protester would support Historian B b.The President of the United States would support Historian A. c.An Iraqi nationalist would support Historian A. d.A survivor of the 9/11 attacks would support Historian A.

67. Three out of the four statements below are facts. Which of the following is an interpretation about the events surrounding 9/11? a.Not all of the planes hit their targets b.Two planes struck the World Trade Center c.The United States responded effectively to the attacks d.Department of Homeland Security was created to prevent future attacks

68. At which point in a researcher’s investigation would a secondary source probably be preferred over a primary source? a.When the primary sources are shown to be credible. b.When both primary and secondary sources are available on the topic. c.When the researcher is trying to get an overview of the research topic. d.When the researcher is trying to understand the topic from the perspective of those who actually experienced it.

69. Which of the following best explains why a historian would write favorably about those who support restrictions on civil liberties? a.She grew up in a liberal family. b.She was blacklisted during the McCarthy era. c.She grew up in a culture that supports freedom. d.She conducted her research shortly after the attacks on the World Trade Center.