History of Medicine: Typhoid, Quarantine and Epidemiology Name: ______

1. After watching the video in class: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=bYjsmjgtgG4, summarize who Mary Mallon was and describe why she was called the “Most Dangerous Woman in America.”

2. Using any credible online resource, define the following as they relate to infection: a. bacteria: b. contagious: c. epidemiology: d. infectious: e. quarantine: 3. Go to http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/basics/definition/con- 20028553 and answer the following: a. Typhoid fever is caused by the bacteria, ______. b. Why do you think typhoid fever more prevalent in developing countries? c. How does typhoid fever spread?

Click on “Symptoms” d. List five or more signs and symptoms of early illness: e. List symptoms of later illness if you don’t receive treatment: f. Describe what the Fecal-oral transmission route is: g. Why are typhoid carriers like Mary Mallon so dangerous?

4. Go to the website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/typhoid/ to complete the following tasks. a. Click on “In Her Own Words” (about a long-surviving letter Typhoid Mary wrote after being quarantined in 1909) and answer the following: 1. Why did Mallon believe she was wrongfully imprisoned…especially since she wasn’t ever “sick?”

2. For almost two years (1907-1909), a record was taken, and 163 stool samples and many urine samples were collected. What evidence did some of these samples reveal?

3. Doctors gave Mary urotropin irregularly which was not effective. Why didn’t they just give her antibiotics?

4. Why did Dr. Studdiford recommend taking out Mallon’s gallbladder? Why did she refuse? 5. Do you think the health commissioner and doctors had a right to quarantine Mary Mallon? Why or why not?

b. Go back to the main website and click on “Typhoid Mary: Villain or Victim”

1. Why did public support of Mary Mallon diminish in 1915?

2. What are two things the health department could have done more effectively to prepare Mallon for her return to the “real world” after quarantine?

3. So…what is the proper treatment today? Shall we insist on locking up the people who are sick or who are at risk of becoming sick because they threaten the health of those around them? Pretend you are a health department official…what three rules would you ensure were in place to help the public and the imprisoned?

c. Go back to the main website and click on “Disease Detectives.” You are a new epidemiologist. Help public health officials trace the outbreak to its source using the basic methods of field epidemiology. Click “Launch Interactive”. Go through the investigation completing all tasks and interviews and filling in the table as you go.

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*Submit a report: What was the source of the Dizzy Flu? ______