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22.NE/05 Stefancikova 81-101*.Indd
Galemys 22 (nº especial): 81-101, 2010 ISSN: 1137-8700 ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF CHAMOIS INFECTION BY LUNG NEMATODES IN THE SLOVAK NATIONAL PARKS ASTÉRIA ŠTEFANČÍKOVÁ1, BARBORA CHOVANCOVÁ2 & BEDRICH HÁJEK3 1. Parasitological Institute Slovak Academy Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic. ([email protected]) 2. Tatra National Park Research Station, Tatranská Lomnica, Slovak Republic. ([email protected]) 3. State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic, Administration of the Slovak Paradise National Park, Spišská Nová Ves, Slovak Republic. ([email protected]) ABSTRACT In the territory of Slovakia, the chamois is native only in the High Tatras and Belianske Tatras. The fact that the Tatras chamois are not only the glacial relict, but also the vital Tatras endemic subspecies considerably increases their cultural, historic and environmental importance. To prevent its extinction, the subspecies was introduced into the central part of the Low Tatras National Park (central Slovakia) in 1969-1974. On the other hand, Alpine chamois was introduced into the Slovak Paradise National Park and the Vel'ká Fatra National Park Alpine (eastern and central Slovakia) in 1964-1968. A substantially decreased number of Tatras chamois in the last decade has initiated a large-scale range of activities aimed at its protection. Parasite infections have also contribute to the decline of the chamois population. The attention is therefore being paid particularly to a health status of both chamois population, including monitoring of species composition and degree of infection with parasites and its intermediate hosts. In the present report we analyse data from the study of ecological conditions for infection of chamois with lung nematodes carried out during the last years in biotopes of Slovakia. -
Northern Chamois (Rupicapra Rupicapra Tatrica) – Slovakia
Northern Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica) – Slovakia Conservation status Global IUCN: Critically Endangered EU27 IUCN: Critically Endangered SK: U1 (+) Protection status Habitats Directive: Annexes II and IV Habitats Directive: Annex V (R. rupicapra whole species) Bern Convention: Appendix III (R. rupicapra whole species) EU population EU: 786–1,341 individuals (2007-12) SK: 500–1,055 individuals MS where increasing PL, SK Other MS Photo © Juraj Švajda Summary: The tatrica subspecies of Northern Chamois is endemic to the Tatra mountains of Slovakia and Poland, occurring entirely within protected areas. The population declined to a low point in 1999 in response to changes in the management and more disturbing recreational use of national parks, and, poaching. This trend was reversed through the implementation of site and species action plans, and in particular, the employment of 52 park guards (previously 1). As a result, the main population in Slovakia’s Tatranský National Park rose from 162 individuals in 1999, to 488 in 2006 and then to 1,096 in 2012. Background Status and EU occurrence Northern Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) comprises five subspecies in Europe. Three of the subspecies are in favourable conservation status and the overall population of all five was estimated to be well in excess of 400,000 mature individuals in 2004/5. However, two subspecies, R. r. cartusiana of France and R. r. tatrica1 of Poland and Slovakia are much rarer, and are considered Vulnerable and Critically Endangered respectively at the global and European levels. The tatrica ssp. of Northern Chamois occurs in the Tatra mountains in the Western Carpathians – south central Poland and north central Slovakia (Aulagnier, Giannatos and Herrero, 2008; Deinet et al, 2013). -
Land-Cover Change in the Tatra Mountains, with a Particular Focus on Vegetation
Research eco.mont – Volume 12, Number 1, January 2020 ISSN 2073-106X print version – ISSN 2073-1558 online version: http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont 15 https://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-12-1s15 Land-cover change in the Tatra Mountains, with a particular focus on vegetation Jaroslav Solár & Vladimír Solár Keywords: land-use change, climate change, coniferous forest, Pinus mugo, Carpathians, Slovakia Abstract Profile This paper evaluates land-cover change in the high mountain landscapes of parts of Protected area the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians, Europe). As well as carrying out a basic analysis of land-cover changes, we compared how these changes related to several Tatra mountain abiotic variables and socio-economic influences. We used a geographic informa- tion system to analyse aerial images from surveys made in 1955, 1986 and 2010. The areas studied have undergone a number of changes, due most importantly National Park to the establishment of a national park, long-term forestry management, natural disturbances, land abandonment, and the development of tourism. With regard Mountain range to changes in vegetation cover, it is debatable whether these are related to climate change or to land-use change. Our study revealed two main changes: coniferous Carpathians forest disturbance, and the expansion of shrubs (Pinus mugo) into the alpine zone. We also observed a slight upward shift of vegetation boundaries for coniferous Country forest, shrubs and alpine meadows over a period of more than 50 years (1956 to 2010). If we take into consideration (1) that forest ecosystems (and the tree line) have Slovakia been changed significantly by human influence, and (2) that windstorms provoking outbreaks of spruce bark beetle are not a new phenomenon but more or less peri- odical in the Tatra Mountains, our results cannot provide clear evidence that climate change is partly responsible for the shift to higher elevations of the boundaries of mountain vegetation. -
Destruction of the Forest Habitat in the Tatra National Park, Slovakia
12 Destruction of the Forest Habitat in the Tatra National Park, Slovakia Monika Kopecka Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovakia 1. Introduction The dynamically changing land cover configuration and its impact on biodiversity have aroused interest in the study of deforestation and its consequences. Deforestation is generally considered to be one of the most serious threats to biological diversity. Awareness of how different deforestation patterns influence habitat quality of forest patches is essential for efficient landscape–ecological management. The overall effect of deforestation on the forest patch depends on its size, shape and location. Zipperer (1993) identified the following types of the deforestation pattern: Internal deforestation that starts in the forest patch and progresses outwardly; External deforestation that starts outside and cuts into the forest patch, including indentation, cropping and removal; Fragmentation when the patch is split into smaller parcels. Forest fragmentation is one of the most frequently cited causes of species extinction making it a crucial contemporary conservation issue. The classic view of a habitat fragmentation is the breaking up a large intact area of a single vegetation type into smaller landscape units or simply the disruption of continuity (Fahrig, 2003; Lord & Norton, 1990). This process represents a transition from being whole to being broken into two or more distant pieces. The outcome is landscape composed of fragments (e. g. forest) with something else (the non- forest matrix) between the fragments. Fragmentation of biotopes affects several ecological functions of landscape, first of all the spatial distribution of selected plant and animal species and associations (Bruna & Kress; 2002, Kurosawa & Askins, 2003; Parker et al., 2005).