Supplementary Data

Title Diversity and bioprospective potential (cold-active enzymes) of cultivable marine bacteria from the subarctic glacial fjord, Kongsfjorden

Authors Sathish Prasad, Poorna Manasa, Sailaja Buddhi, Preethi Tirunagiri, Zareena Begum, Sivaraman Rajana, Sisinthy Shivaji*

Institution Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Uppal Road, Hyderabad, INDIA-500 007

aNational Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa INDIA-403 804

Correspondence *Dr. S. Shivaji Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500007, INDIA Telephone:00-91-40-27192504 Fax: 00-91-40-27160311 Email: [email protected] Table S1. Kongsfjorden water and sediment sample details S.No Sa GPS Co-ordinates TVC±SD (n=3) Number of Temperature Salinity P F(µg/l) T(FTU) Density mpl l-1 water or Morphotypes (ºC) (ppt) r e g-1 sediment isolated e / s Sit s e u Co r de e ( p a ) 1 KJ 78°59'177''N/11°32'5 8.2±0.13x105 17 2.3 33.6 0 0.03 1.4 26.9 F1 96''E . 9 2 KJ 79º1’31”N/11º47’18” 3.5±0.20x105 18 3.0 33.5 1 0.03 0.7 26.7 F2 E . 1 3 KJ 78°55'242''N/12°5'74 1.9±0.39x106 37 2.7 32.6 0 0.1 1.1 26.0 F3 8''E . 8 4 KJ 78°57'428''N/12°09'8 2.9±1.08x106 19 2.3 31.2 1 0.1 1.3 24.9 F4 94''E . 4 5 KJ 78°53'667''N/12°29'4 6.1±0.17x105 15 2.6 32.5 0 0.1 2.2 25.9 F5 34''E . 7 6 KJ 78°53'504''N/12°22'5 5.2±0.04x106 16 2.3 31.5 0 0.2 5.2 25.1 F6 49''E . 5 7 KJ 78°57'42''N/ 1.7±0.61x105 8 3.9 33.0 0 1.2 12.3 26.2 F7 11°54'19''E . 3 8 KJ 78°57'90''N/11°57'09 2.2±1.19x105 22 4.3 28.3 0 0.03 0.6 22.5 F8 ''E . 5 9 KJ 78°58'39''N/12°00'00 1.3±0.12x106 18 4.3 24.3 0 0.04 1.6 19.3 F9 ''E . 1 10 KJ 78°56'94''N/12°01'94 2.1±0.76x105 15 4.0 32.5 1 0.3 1.5 25.8 F1 ''E . 0 1 11 KJ 78°56'29''N/12°09'67 2.2±0.37x105 26 4.3 32.4 0 0.2 1.6 25.7 F1 ''E . 1 4 12 KJ 78°56'77''N/12°11'61 7.2±0.29x105 22 4.5 22.4 0 0.2 1.5 17.8 F1 ''E . 2 6 13 KJ 78°57'10''N/12°13'55 3.4±0.41x106 17 4.2 32.3 0 0.6 4.7 25.6 F1 ''E . 3 9 14 KJ 78°58'23''N/12°18'39 1.4±0.25x106 22 3.7 31.1 0 0.2 3.9 24.7 F1 ''E . 4 3 15 KJ 78°58'39''N/12°25'16 3.5±0.33x105 19 3.3 31.0 1 0.2 1.6 24.6 F1 ''E . 5 1 16 FS 78°55'242''N/12°5'74 3.1±0.61×102 2 0.9 34.0 2 0.1 0.6 27.4 3 8''E 1 . 6 17 FS 78°57'428''N/12°09'8 4.5±0.64×104 4 0.3 34.1 2 0.2 0.9 27.5 4 94''E 0 . 7 18 FS 78°53'667''N/12°29'4 4.8±0.32×103 4 0.5 34.1 2 0.1 1.8 27.4 5 34''E 1 . 5 19 FS 78°53'504''N/12°22'5 3.8±0.58×103 2 0.8 33.9 2 0.1 2.6 27.3 6 49''E 0 . 8 20 FS 78°57'42''N/ 8.2±0.54×103 3 -1.1 34.4 5 0.1 0.5 27.9 7 11°54'19''E 3 . 7 21 FS 78°57'90''N/11°57'09 5.2±0.62×103 3 -1.3 34.3 5 0.3 0.4 27.9 8 ''E 5 . 2 22 FS 78°56'94''N/12°01'94 5.9±0.2×103 4 0.2 34.1 2 0.3 0.6 27.5 10 ''E 2 . 4 23 FS 78°56'29''N/12°09'67 1.1± 0.21×104 3 -0.1 34.2 2 0.4 0.6 27.6 11 ''E 1 . 2 24 FS 78°56'77''N/12°11'61 6.1±0.88×102 4 -0.4 34.2 2 0.1 0.8 27.6 12 ''E 2 . 9 25 FS 78°57'10''N/12°13'55 1.4± 0.33 ×104 6 -0.2 34.1 2 0.1 7.6 27.5 13 ''E 3 . 2 26 FS 78°58'23''N/12°18'39 1.9±0.33 ×104 5 -0.3 34.2 2 0.1 0.8 27.6 14 ''E 1 . 8 27 FS 78°58'39''N/12°25'16 1.1± 0.25 ×103 1 -0.5 34.1 2 0.1 2.1 27.5 15 ''E 3 . 2

TVC= Total Viable Counts ppt=parts per thousand (g/l), F= Fluorescence, T= Turbidity, FTU= Formazin Turbidity Units, NA=Not Available Table S2. Phylogenetic affiliation of the 291 bacterial isolates from Kongsfjorden water based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity

S.No Strain number (Accession No.) [16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (%)] Closest Type Strain Phylum Actinobacteria Class Actinobacteria 1. KJF1-15, KJF5-12, KJF10-8, [99.4], KJF1-8, KJF8-7 (JQ800123) [99.6], KJF8-25 [99.2], Salinibacterium amurskyense KMM 3673T 2. KJF4-6 (JQ800064) [98.9] Arthrobacter sulfureus DSM 20167T Phylum Proteobacteria Class Alphaproteobacteria 3. KJF12-15, KJF13-9, KJF8-9, KJF12-22, KJF15-13 [99.8], KJF12-23, KJF8-21, KJF14-2 [99.9], Loktanella salsilacus LMG 21507T KJF5-9, KJF6-15, KJF8-23, KJF9-18, KJF10-13, KJF12-14, KJF12-24, KJF14-25(JQ800254), KJF14-29, KJF15-11, KJF15-14, KJF15-21 [100] 4. KJF3-3(JQ800024), KJF3-16, KJF3-18, KJF3-36, KJF4-8 [96.0] Loktanella tamlensis SSW-35T 5. KJF14-12 (JQ800244) [95.7] Thalassobius gelatinovorus IAM 12617T 6. KJF8-4 (JQ800120) [99.2] Pacificibacter maritimus KMM 9031T 7. KJF6-16 (JQ800107) [98.0] Paracoccus seriniphilus MBT-A4T Class Betaproteobacteria 8. KJF12-10 (JQ800205) [97.6] Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis ATCC 49743T Class Gammaproteobacteria 9. KJF14-10 [99.2], KJF2-19, KJF5-2 [99.3], KJF11-19, KJF14-17 [99.4], KJF2-3, KJF2-9, KJF2-13, Pseudoalteromonas arctica A37-1-2T KJF2-14, KJF2-15 KJF2-18, KJF3-21, KJF6-1, KJF6-12, KJF11-26, KJF15-3 [99.5], KJF6-14, KJF11-18 [99.6], KJF3-10, KJF13-15 (JQ800233) [99.7] KJF10-16, KJF11-24, KJF13-2, KJF14-4 [99.9], KJF1-18, KJF3-4, KJF3-5, KJF3-26, KJF5-6, KJF6-10,KJF6-11, KJF6-17, KJF11-17,KJF13- 13 [100] 10. KJF15-2 (JQ800260) [100] Pseudoalteromonas aliena KMM 3562T 11. KJF6-5 (JQ800097), KJF7-5 [99.8] Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii KMM 162T 12. KJF3-7 [99.8], KJF8-14,KJF9-4 (JQ800142) [99.9],KJF8-1 [100] Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens NCIMB 8614T 13. KJF4-1 [99.3], KJF3-24 (JQ800042) [100] Pseudoalteromonas paragorgicola KMM3548T 14. KJF3-6 [99.0], KJF5-11 [99.2], KJF5-7 [99.5], KJF3-31, KJF3-34, [99.6], KJF10-3 (JQ800159) [99.7] Pseudoalteromonas translucida KMM 520T 15. KJF8-12 [98.8],KJF8-5 (JQ800121) [99.2], Glaciecola mesophila KMM 241T 16. KJF8-3 [99.5],KJF8-10 (JQ800125) [99.4], KJF8-24 [92.9], Marinobacter psychrophilus 20041T 17. KJF10-4 (JQ800160) [98.9] Colwellia hornerae ACAM 607T Table S2 (Continued……)

S.No Strain number (Accession No.) [16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (%)] Closest Type Strain 18. KJF9-8 (JQ800146)[99.9] Colwellia maris ABE-1T 19. KJF11-9 [98.4],KJF11-10, KJF11-25,KJF14-6, KJF15-12 (JQ800268) [98.5], KJF6-3 [98.7], KJF11-2 Psychromonas arctica Pull 5.3T [98.9] 20. KJF10-6 [99.5],KJF11-5 (JQ800175) [99.6] Psychromonas marina 4-22T 21 KJF8-16 [98.8], KJF11-27, KJF13-12 [99.3], KJF8-2, KJF10-1, KJF11-21, KJF11-22 (JQ800191) Shewanella arctica IR12T [99.4] 22 KJF4-3, KJF4-18 [98.7] KJF1-12 [99.4], KJF2-4, KJF3-33 (JQ800051) [100] Shewanella livingstonensis LMG198866T 23. KJF14-11 [98.8], KJF1-13, KJF5-4, KJF5-8, [99.3], KJF1-2, KJF1-7, KJF1-9 (JQ799994), KJF3-15 Shewanella vesiculosa M7T [99.4], KJF12-17 [99.6], KJF10-15 [99.8],KJF11-12 [99.9], KJF9-10, KJF15-1, KJF15-15 [100] 24. KJF11-3 [99.6], KJF6-2 (JQ800094) [99.7] Shewanella gelidimarina ACAM 456T 25. KJF13-1 (JQ800220) [97.3] Shewanella pacifica KMM 3597T 26. KJF11-6 (JQ800176) [99.9] Pseudomonas arsenicoxydans VC-1T 27. KJF3-20,KJF3-35,KJF3-39 (JQ800057) [100] Pseudomonas guineae M8T 28. KJF12-13 (JQ800208),KJF12-16 [99.3], KJF12-5 [99.5] Psychrobacter aquimaris SW-210T 29. KJF1-10 [98.7], KJF1-6 (JQ799991) [99.0], Psychrobacter arenosus R7T 30. KJF2-8 (JQ800011) [99.7], KJF3-9 [99.9], KJF10-14 [100] Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5T 31. KJF11-15 (JQ800184) [99.4] Psychrobacter okhotskensis MD17T 32. KJF14-27 (JQ800256) [99.5] Psychrobacter piscatorii T-3-2T 33. KJF1-5, KJF3-2 [99.5], KJF1-14, KJF3-25, KJF3-38, KJF4-14, KJF14-26, KJF14-28, KJF15-8 [99.6], Psychrobacter fozii NF23T KJF3-23, KJF3-32, KJF3-37 [99.7], KJF4-17,KJF12-12 [99.8], KJF1-17, KJF5-10, KJF11-28 (JQ800197) [99.9], KJF2-6, KJF3-1, KJF3-19, KJF3-22, KJF3-27, KJF3-30, KJF5-3, KJF6-9, KJF7- 10, KJF7-6, KJF9-2 [100] 34. KJF5-5 [99.0], KJF13-17 [99.1], KJF6-13, KJF9-1, KJF14-24 [99.2], KJF4-4, KJF4-11, KJF9-3, Marinomonas primoryensis KMM 3633T KJF9-14, KJF9-16, KJF9-17 [99.3], KJF3-28, KJF4-2, KJF12-7, KJF13-5, KJF13-14, KJF14-14 (JQ800246), KJF15-6 [99.4], KJF2-11 [99.6], KJF11-7 [99.8], KJF2-12, KJF4-5, KJF4-9, KJF4-10, KJF9-11, KJF9-15, KJF10-17, KJF11-23, KJF14-13 [99.9] Phylum Bacteroidetes Class Sphingobacteriia 35. KJF13-18 (JQ800236) [95.9],KJF12-19 [96.2] Pedobacter daechungensis Dae 13T Class Cytophagia 36. KJF5-15 (JQ800092) [99.1] Algoriphagus ratkowskyi LMG 21435T Table S2 (Continued……)

S.No Strain number (Accession No.) [16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (%)] Closest Type Strain Class Flavobacteriia 37. KJF10-2, KJF12-2 (JQ800199),KJF12-3 [97.5] Bizionia saleffrena HFDT 38. KJF15-18 [98.2], KJF9-12 [98.8], KJF8-20[98.9], KJF14-18,, KJF2-1[99.0], KJF4-12, KJF7-8, Flavobacterium degerlachei LMG 21915T KJF15-19, KJF15-20 [99.1], KJF8-19, KJF10-9, KJF10-12, KJF15-7 [99.2], KJF1-19, KJF2-7, KJF2- 17, KJF6-8, KJF12-18,KJF15-9 [99.4], KJF4-20 [99.5], KJF2-10 [99.6], KJF3-12, KJF3-40 (JQ800058), KJF14-22 [99.7], KJF6-7, KJF1-16 [99.9] 39. KJF12-9 [98.2], KJF1-4 [98.5], KJF3-13 (JQ800033) [99.5],KJF9-9 [99.7] Flavobacterium frigidarium A2iT 40. KJF2-2, KJF4-19, KJF5-13 [98.5], KJF14-19 [98.6], KJF7-11 [98.7],KJF2-5,KJF15-16 [98.8], KJF5- Flavobacterium frigoris LMG 21922T 14, KJF7-7, KJF10-11 [98.9] KJF7-9, KJF8-18, KJF9-13, KJF11-11, KJF11-13, KJF11-16, KJF11- 20, KJF12-11, KJF12-20, KJF12-21, KJF13-10 (JQ800228), KJF13-8, KJF14-20, [99.0], KJF1-1, KJF15-10 [99.1] KJF4-16, KJF10-10 [99.2], KJF14-21 [99.4] 41. KJF8-17 [96.2], KJF11-14 [96.3], KJF13-16, KJF15-17 [99.5], KJF13-11 [99.6], KJF13-7 Flavobacterium gelidilacus LMG 21477T (JQ800228) [100] 42 KJF4-15 (JQ800072) [98.8] Flavobacterium omnivorum JCM 11313T 43. KJF4-7 (JQ800065) [98.5] Flavobacterium psychrolimnae LMG 22018T 44. KJF14-1 (JQ800237) [99.3] Lacinutrix himadriensis E4-9aT 45. KJF3-29 (JQ800047),KJF8-13 [98.6] Maribacter arcticus KOPRI 20941T 46. KJF8-6 [97.7], KJF8-11 [98.1], KJF13-4 (JQ800223) [98.5], KJF6-4 [98.6], KJF12-1 [98.7], KJF7-3, Polaribacter butkevichii KMM 3938T KJF9-5, KJF12-6 [98.8], KJF13-3 [99.0] 47. KJF9-7 (JQ800145) [99.4] Polaribacter filamentus 215T 48. KJF3-11,KJF11-1 [98.2], KJF9-6 [98.6],KJF5-1 (JQ800078) [99.1] Polaribacter irgensii 23-PT 49. KJF14-3 (JQ800239) [99.5] Winogradskyella psychrotolerans RS-3T Table S3. Phylogenetic affiliation of the 43 bacterial isolates from Kongsfjorden sediments based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity

S.No Strain number (Accession No.) [16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (%)] Closest Type Strain Phylum Actinobacteria 1. FS14-4 (JQ799984) [99.2] Leifsonia rubra CMS 76rT 2. FS5-1 (JQ799950) [99.3],FS14-1 [99.4] Salinibacterium amurskyense KMM 3673T Phylum Proteobacteria Class Alphaproteobacteria 3. FS12-4 [97.3], FS3-2 (JQ799944) FS4-5 [97.4] ,FS12-3 [98.8], Sulfitobacter dongichola DSW25T 4. FS5-3 (JQ799952) [98.7] Sulfitobacter guttiformis Ekho Lake-38T 5. FS13-4 (JQ799978) [95.7], Thalassobius gelatinovorus IAM1261T 6 FS14-5 (JQ799985) [95.5] Planktotalea frisia SH6-1T Class Betaproteobacteria 7. FS13-1 (JQ799975) [96.5], FS10-3 [96.9], FS13-2 [98.3] Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis ATCC 49743T Class Gammaproteobacteria 8. FS15-1 (JQ799986) [98.8] Colwellia aestuarii SMK-10T 9. FS12-2 (JQ799972) [98.9] Colwellia hornerae ACAM 607T 10. FS3-4, FS7-4 [99.7], FS4-2, FS6-2, FS6-4 (JQ799955), FS7-2, FS10-1 [99.9] Colwellia psychrerythraea 34HT 11. FS10-2 (JQ799964) [97.8] Marinobacterium rhizophilum CL-YJ9T 12. FS7-1 [98.5], FS11-1 (JQ799968) [98.6] Moritella abyssi 2693T 13. FS7-3 (JQ799958) [99.0] Moritella profunda 2674T 14. FS8-4 (JQ799962) [100] Photobacterium frigidiphilum SL13T 15. FS14-2 [99.3],FS14-3 (JQ799983) [98.2] Pseudomonas taeanensis MS-3T 16. FS5-4 (JQ799953) [99.1] Psychromonas arctica Pull 5.3T 17. FS11-3 (JQ799970) [98.6] Psychromonas ossibalaenae JAMM 0738T 18. FS10-4 [98.8],FS10-6 (JQ799967) [98.9] Shewanella abyssi C941T 19. FS8-1 [99.7], FS5-2 (JQ799951) [99.8], Shewanella benthica ATCC 43992T 20. FS4-1 (JQ799946), FS4-4, FS11-2 [98.8], FS8-2 [98.6] Shewanella gelidimarina ACAM 456T 21. FS13-5 (JQ799979) [100], FS13-6 [99.9] Shewanella livingstonensis LMG198866T 22. FS13-3 (JQ799977) [100.0], Shewanella vesiculosa M7T Phylum Bacteroidetes Class Flavobacteria 23. FS12-1 (JQ799971) [97.8] Polaribacter glomeratus ATCC 43844T Table S4. Growth characteristics and enzymatic activities of representative phylotypes from Kongsfjorden water and sediment samples

Isolate Growth Enzymatic activities* Code Characteristics Temp pH NaCl Am Lip Cas U Gel DNase (°C) (M) 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C KJF1-9 4-18 6-10 1.0 - - + + + + + + + + + + KJF2-8 4-30 7-10 1.0 - - + + ------KJF3-3 4-30 6-9 1.0 + + + + + + - - - - + + KJF3-13 4-30 7-10 0.5 - - + + ------KJF3-39 4-25 6 -9 1.0 - - + + ------KJF3-40 4-25 5-9 2.0 + + ------KJF4-6 4-18 6-10 2.5 - - - - + + ------KJF4-15 4-18 6-8 0.3 - - - - + - - - - - + - KJF5-1 4-18 6-9 1.0 - - + + ------KJF5-15 4-25 6-9 1.0 - - - - + + - - - - + + KJF6-2 4-30 5-9 1.5 ------KJF6-16 4-25 6-10 0.5 - - + + + + + + + + + + KJF8-4 4-30 5-9 2.0 - - + + ------KJF8-7 4-30 5-10 0.5 ------+w +w +w +w +w +w KJF8-10 4-25 6 -9 1.5 ------KJF9-8 4-18 7-10 1.0 - - + + ------+w + KJF10-3 4-25 7-9 1.5 - - + + ------KJF11-5 4-18 7-10 1.5 ------KJF11-15 4-30 6 -10 1.5 - - + + ------KJF11-28 4-18 6-10 2.0 - - + + + + + + + + + + KJF12-2 4-18 7-10 1.0 - - - - + + - - - - + + Table S4. Continued.....

Isolate Growth Enzymatic activities* Code Characteristics Temp pH Am Lip Cas U Gel DNase (°C) 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C KJF12-10 4-25 6-8 +w + ------+ + KJF12-13 4-18 6-9 - - + + ------KJF13-1 4-30 6-9 - - +w + ------KJF13-4 4-18 7-9 ------KJF13-15 4-30 6-10 + + + + + + - - - - + + KJF13-18 4-25 6-8 +w +w + + + + + + + + + + KJF14-3 4-30 5-9 - - + + + +w - - - - + + KJF14-12 4-18 6-9 - - +w +w ------KJF14-14 4-18 7-10 ------KJF14-27 4-25 6 -9 - - + + ------KJF15-12 4-18 7-10 + + ------KJF1-6 4-37 5-9 ------KJF9-4 4-30 5-9 - - + + ------+ +w KJF13-7 4-30 5-9 ------FS3-2 4-30 6-9 - - - + - - - + - - - - FS6-4 4-18 6-8 + + ------FS5-1 4-30 5-8 + + ------w+ w+ - - FS5-3 4-30 5-9 + + - + - + + + - + - - FS8-4 4-18 5-8 + + + + - + - - + + + - FS10-2 4-30 6-8 - - + ------w+ - -

Table S4. Continued.... Isolate Growth Enzymatic activities* Code Characteristics Temp NaCl Am Lip Cas U Gel DNase (°C) (M) 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C 4°C 18°C FS11-1 4-30 0.5 w+ - + + - - - - - + - - FS11-3 4-30 0.5 - + ------w+ - - - FS12-2 4-18 0.5 - - - + - - - - + + - - FS13-1 4-30 0.5 - - - + ------FS14-4 4-30 1.0 + + - + ------FS4-1 4-18 0.3 - + - + - - - - + + + + FS13-5 4-25 0.3 w+ - - - + - - - + + - - FS13-4 4-30 1.5 + - - - - - + - - - - - FS14-3 4-30 1.0 + - - - - - + + - + - - FS15-1 4-18 0.5 - - + - + + - - + + - - FS5-4 4-18 0.5 - - - + - - + + + + - - Note: (w+) = weak positive, (+) = positive, (-) = negative. Am = amylase, Lip = lipase, Cas =caseinase, U = urease, Gel = gelatinase, (*) = all phylotypes were negative for chitinase activity. Table S5. Pigment characteristics of isolates from water and sediment samples of Kongsfjorden

S. No. Strain No. Colony colour Absorption maxima (nm)

1 KJF1-9 Orange 330 2 KJF3-3 Yellow 245 3 KJF3-13 Yellow 230 4 KJF3-16 Yellow 230 5 KJF3-20 Yellow 230 6 KJF4-6 Yellow 240 7 KJF5-1 Yellow 245 8 KJF5-15 Orange 420 9 KJF8-7 Yellow N 10 KJF10-10 Lemon yellow 205 11 KJF10-12 Dark yellow N 12 KJF12-14 Peach 245 13 KJF13-2 Brown 450,480(s),335 14 KJF13-10 Yellow 350 15 KJF14-1 Brown N 16 KJF14-4 Yellow 450,480(s),335 17 KJF14-13 White 245 18 KJF14-15 Yellow 245 19 KJF14-18 Orange 350 20 KJF15-3 Yellow 450,480(s),335 21 KJF15-14 Yellow 215 22 FS4-1 Orange red 295, 415 23 FS5-1 Yellow 285, 445 24 FS6-4 Pale pink-brown 295 25 FS13-2 Pale pink-brown 285 26 FS14-1 Yellow 255 27 FS14-4 Yellow 255, 325, 475 28 FS14-5 Reddish brown 330, 405 29 FS15-4 Yellow 275 30 FS16-1 Cream-brown 415

Note: (s) =shoulder peak, N= No Peaks

Fig. S1. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary history of KJF phylotypes. The alphaproteobacterial and flavobacterial clades have been condensed.

Fig S2. Expanded tree of the alphaproteobacterial clade from Fig S1 Fig S3. Expanded tree of the flavobacterial clade in Fig S1

Fig S4. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary history of FS phylotypes.