Urban Settlement Patterns

As you read pages 195 – 204 in the text, follow along with these guided notes and questions. It is best if you read each section first, then fill in the blanks or answer the questions.

The Beginnings of Urbanization – The Provision of Goods and Services

1. Define the term AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION. The cultivation of plants and domestication of animals that likely started in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago.

2. Why did the earliest settlements develop? Because there were food surpluses

3. Prior to the introduction of farming, what activity were all members of a society engaged in? Gathering food/ providing enough food for all the people

4. List four jobs that people could take on once farming had been introduced. a. Milling grain b. Making pots c. Weaving cloth d. Full-time leaders

5. What was the effect of the Agricultural Revolution on the settlement patterns on all continents (except Australia and Antarctica)? People began to live closer together in villages and towns rather than spread out. 6. As food production became more efficient, more people could be spared to do specialized jobs. The food surpluses and specialized artefacts could now be traded with nearby villages and towns. What was this trade the catalyst for? (4 things) a. Spread of ideas and spiritual beliefs b. Knowledge about how to make products c. Knowledge about how to use different crops d. Writing and keeping records

7. Define the term CULTURAL DIFFUSION. The spread of knowledge and influence from one place to another.

8. Define the term HINTERLAND. The area around a town that trades with it. Hinterlands have fewer services and less variety in economic activities than urban areas.

9. Give an example of how an urban settlement interacts with its hinterland. a. People from surrounding farms may shop in the central town b. People from the urban settlement may travel to the hinterland for recreation. 10. As urban settlements developed, the distance between them was determined by population density and transportation technology. Explain this statement. a. Low population = town farther apart (not enough people to support the businesses and services in many towns) b. High population density = towns closer together (lots of people need lots of services) c. Low tech transportation methods (based on muscle power) = towns closer together (harder to get from place to place) d. High tech transportation (based on machines) = towns farther apart (easier to get around)

11. Define the term THRESHOLD POPULATION. The number of customers needed to make a business profitable or to allow a service, such as a post office or library, to be offered.

12. Define the term LOW-ORDER GOOD OR SERVICE. A product or service that is purchased frequently.

13. Define the term HIGH-ORDER GOOD OR SERVICE. A high-priced product or service that is purchased infrequently.

14. Define the term CENTRAL PLACE. A village, town, or city that exists primarily to provide goods and services for a surrounding hinterland.

Other Types of Urban Places

1. Define the term BASIC INDUSTRY. Industry that sells its products outside the community, bringing money into the community. 2. Define the term ECONOMIC BASE. Economic activities that allow a community to exist. For example, a town might exist because a mineral resource in the area is being developed.

3. Define the term NON-BASIC INDUSTRY. Industry that sells its products within the community; it does not bring money into the community.

4. Define the term MULTIPLIER EFFECT. The total effect on the economy caused by an expansion or contraction in one part of it. For example, a new mine employing 300 people may cause 900 other jobs to develop in manufacturing and services.

5. Give an example of how the multiplier effect might work in a forestry town. A certain number of people will be employed directly by the forestry company. Many more, however will be employed to support those people. For example, new jobs will be created for people who will build the houses, run the utilities, run the government of the town, and operate the stores and services. 6. What is the ratio for the multiplier effect? For every one basic job, there are three non-basic jobs. Therefore the ratio is 1:3.

7. What is the purpose of an INDUSTRIAL CITY? To manufacture the goods needed by resource-based communities.

8. What important functions might a TRANSPORTATION HUB provide? a. As a central area for rail or road transportation b. As a port for import/export via the ocean

9. What makes an urban place a TOURIST CITY Some recreational attraction such as mountains for skiing, hot springs, or human-made attractions such as Disney Land.

10. A SERVICE CENTRE may provide government services to surrounding areas. What other services might a SERVICE CENTRE provide? a. Personal services b. Medical services c. Educational services

11. To what do RESOURCE-BASED COMMUNITIES owe their existence? A nearby resource, such as an ore body or a forest.

12. What is the risk facing most resource-based communities? Becoming a ghost town if the resource runs out. 13. Define the term DIVERSIFIED CITY. A town or city that has a variety of basic urban functions. 14. How can diversification save a resource-based city from becoming a ghost town? If a town can rely on more than one industry, resource or service to bring money into the community, then, if one of those business types leave, the town can still function to support those that remain. Urban Settlement Patterns

As you read pages 195 – 204 in the text, follow along with these guided notes and questions. It is best if you read each section first, then fill in the blanks or answer the questions.

The Beginnings of Urbanization – The Provision of Goods and Services

1. Define the term AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION.

2. Why did the earliest settlements develop?

3. Prior to the introduction of farming, what activity were all members of a society engaged in?

4. List four jobs that people could take on once farming had been introduced.

5. What was the effect of the Agricultural Revolution on the settlement patterns on all continents (except Australia and Antarctica)?

6. As food production became more efficient, more people could be spared to do specialized jobs. The food surpluses and specialized artefacts could now be traded with nearby villages and towns. What was this trade the catalyst for? (4 things)

7. Define the term CULTURAL DIFFUSION.

8. Define the term HINTERLAND.

9. Give an example of how an urban settlement interacts with its hinterland. 10. As urban settlements developed, the distance between them was determined by population density and transportation technology. Explain this statement.

11. Define the term THRESHOLD POPULATION.

12. Define the term LOW-ORDER GOOD OR SERVICE.

13. Define the term HIGH-ORDER GOOD OR SERVICE.

14. Define the term CENTRAL PLACE.

Other Types of Urban Places

1. Define the term BASIC INDUSTRY.

2. Define the term ECONOMIC BASE.

3. Define the term NON-BASIC INDUSTRY.

4. Define the term MULTIPLIER EFFECT.

5. Give an example of how the multiplier effect might work in a forestry town.

6. What is the ratio for the multiplier effect?

7. What is the purpose of an INDUSTRIAL CITY?

8. What important functions might a TRANSPORTATION HUB provide? 9. What makes an urban place a TOURIST CITY

10. A SERVICE CENTRE may provide government services to surrounding areas. What other services might a SERVICE CENTRE provide?

11. To what do RESOURCE-BASED COMMUNITIES owe their existence?

12. What is the risk facing most resource-based communities?

13. Define the term DIVERSIFIED CITY.

14. How can diversification save a resource-based city from becoming a ghost town?