Information on Pakistan And

Language Pack

Information on Pakistan and the Urdu Language

Blessed be the sacred land Happy be the bounteous realm Symbol of High resolve Land of Pakistan Blessed be thou citadel of faith

National Anthem of Pakistan

Nottinghamshire Achievement & Equality Team email:[email protected] Language Pack

PAKISTAN AT A GLANCE

Location – South Asia Neighbours – Afghanistan, Iran, India, China Size – 494,670 square miles Population –190,291,129 Density – 516.3 people per square mile Average Life Expectancy – Males 65 years, Females 66 years Capital City – Islamabad (population 780,000) Currency - Pakistani Rupee Time Zone – Pakistan standard time (+5 hours) Website- www.pakistan.gov.pk

Potted History

Pakistan created by the partition of India in 1947, has been under military rule for most of its existence. A US ally throughout, it has lurched from crisis to crisis, including three wars with India. In 1998, the country successfully test fired a nuclear bomb. Its decision to join the US war on terror after the September 11 attacks was significant, fuelling an extremist rebellion at home.

Pakistan is divided into four provinces viz., Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. The tribal belt adjoining Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa is managed by the Federal Government and is named FATA i.e., Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas have their own respective political and administrative machinery, yet certain of their subjects are taken care of by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas. Provinces of Pakistan are further divided into Districts.

Political Pressure Points

The country is driven by ethnic, sectarian and civil-military tensions. The Punjab Province is dominant, to the great resentment of the other three provinces. Democratic governments, where they have existed, have lived in constant fear of military takeover. Sensitive foreign and security policy remains in army hands.

Population Mix

Punjabi 44.6%, Pashtun 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhagirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28%

Religious makeup

Muslim (official) 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.6%

Main languages

Urdu and English (official), Punjabi, Pashto, Sindi, Saraiki

National icons

Mohsin Hamid (author), Imran Khan (politician/former cricketer), Mehdi Hassan ( Ghazal singer 1927-2012), Abdul Sattar Edhi (philanthropist), Benazir Bhutto ( former Prime Minister 1953-2007), Noor Jehan (singer/ actress 1926-2000), Allama Muhammad Iqbal (poet 1877-1938)

The Nottinghamshire Context

Many Pakistani pupils in school are British born and from established Pakistani communities. Newly arrived Pakistani pupils will often have moved to Nottinghamshire to join established family members. In addition, a significant number of pupils are from the Mirpur Azad Kashmir area of Pakistan and speak Mirpuri/Kashmiri language, which are a local dialect. They may refer to themselves as Kashmiri and or Pakistani. Younger pupils may have experience of English through television and their surroundings but it may not be their first language.

Pakistanian Punjabi, Sindhis, Pathans and Baluchis

Some of the pupils in Nottinghamshire may be Mirpuri, Punjabi, Sindhis, Pathans, Baluchis but disclosure of this fact can be a sensitive issue for some of the families. The largest ethnic group in the UK is Mirpuri/Kashmiri (70%), comprising about two-thirds of the population. Other groups are Punjabis, Sindhis, Pathans, and Baluchis.

Education in Pakistan

The Pakistani educational system consists, of pre-school, primary school, middle school, high school (culminating in matriculation).

 A child may begin his/her schooling at a pre-school at the age of 3  Children who go to school will generally enrol at age five or six.  The primary stage is from grades 1 to 5 (ages 5–10).  The middle stage is from grades 6 to 8 (ages 10/11 to 12/13).  Children attend high school in grades 9 and 10 culminating in matriculation.  Over half of all children aged 5 to 14 do not attend school.  The rate of enrolment of girls is significantly lower than boys.  Once in school, the dropout rate is very high; of those children who enrol in school, only one out of two reach grade 5.  In some areas basic school supplies, such as pencils, paper, blackboards, and chalk, are often lacking.  Throughout Pakistan, many children attend religious schools or Madrassahs.  Families who can afford the cost of tuition and uniforms often prefer to send their children to one of Pakistan’s many private schools.  Many of these schools teach in English.

Information about the Urdu Language

Urdu is spoken in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, UAE, Saudi-Arabia, Mauritius, Canada, Germany, USA, Iran, Afganistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Maldives, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, South Africa, Oman, Australia, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Botswana, and United Kingdom. There are between 60 and 80 million native speakers of standard Urdu (Khari Boli). In Pakistan it is the mother tongue of about 10 million people and is spoken fluently as a second language by perhaps 80 million more. In India, where it is spoken by some 50 million Muslims, it is one of the official languages recognised by the constitution. Urdu is very similar to Hindi, the most important difference between them being that the former is written in the Perso-Arabic script, while the latter is written in Sanskrit characters. Urdu also contains many words from Arabic and Persian, while Hindi makes a conscious effort to preserve the older Indian words.

Urdu by origin is a dialect of Hindi spoken for centuries in the neighbourhood of Delhi. In the 16th century, when India fell under Muslim domination, a large number of Persian, Arabic, and Turkish words entered the language via the military camps and the marketplaces of Delhi. Eventually a separate dialect evolved, written in Arabic characters with additional letters supplied for sounds peculiar to Indian and Persian words. In time it came to be called Urdu (“camp language”) and after further Muslim conquest became the lingua franca over much of the Indian subcontinent. After the partition of India in 1947, Hindi became the principal language of India, and Urdu of West Pakistan. The older term Hindustani, embracing both Languages, has fallen into general disuse since partition.

Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, and it is widely spoken as the lingua franca of the people. It is widely used, both formally and informally, for personal letters as well as public literature, in the literary sphere and in the popular media. It is a required subject of study in all primary and secondary schools. It is the first language of most Muhajirs. In recent years, the Urdu spoken in Pakistan has gradually incorporated words from many of the native languages found there including Pushto, Punjabi and Sindhi to name a few. Officially Pakistan has 80 spoken tongues in the country excluding Urdu and English.Urdu is the only official language of Pakistan, although English is generally used instead of Urdu in this regard. English is the lingua franca of the Pakistani elite and most of the government ministries.

Here is an example of Urdu text.

Sample text in Urdu- read from right to left

Translation

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in .a spirit of brotherhood

Words and Phrases

English Urdu easy pronunciation Hi Salam Good Morning Salam Alaikum/Subha Ba-khair Good Evening Salam Alaikum Welcome! (to greet someone) Khush Aamdeed How Are You? Kya Hal Hai? I'm Fine, Thanks Main Theek Hun, Shukriya And You? Aur Aap? Good/ So-So. Accha/Kuch Theek Thank You (Very Much) Bahut Bahut Shukriya You're Welcome! (answering "thank you") Koi Baat Nahin Friend Dost What's New? Koi Naee Khabar? Good Night Salam Walekum/Shaba Bakhair See You Later Phir Milain ge Good Bye Khuda Hafiz/Allah Hafiz Do You Speak (English/ Urdu)? Kya Aap Angrezi/Urdu Bool Sakte Hain Teacher male/female Ustadd / Ustanee Father Baap Mother Maan Brother Bahee Sister Behan Grandparents paternal –grandfather /mother Dada/ Dadee Grandparents maternal –grandfather /mother Nana /Nanee

What's Your Name? Aap Ka Naam Kya Hai? My Name Is …. Mera Naam..... Hey Mr.../ Mrs.…/ Miss… Mohtaram/ Mohtarmah/Anisa Nice To Meet You Aap Se Milker Khushi Huwi You're Very Kind Aap Bahut Meherban Hain Where Are You From? Aap Ka Taaluq Kahan Se Hai? Where Do You Live? Aap Kahan Rahte Hain? Do You Like It Here? Kya Aap Ko Yahan Achchha Laga? Pakistan Is a Wonderful Country Pakistan Bahut Achchha Mulk Hai I Like Urdu Mujhe Urdu Achchhi Lagti Hai I've Been Learning Urdu For 1 Month Mein Eik Mahine Se Urdu Seekh Raha/Rahee (male/female) Hoon Oh! That's Good Wah, Bahut Achchha How Old Are You? Aap Ki Umar Kitni Hai? I'm … Years Old. (male/female) Main …. Saal Ka/Kee Hoon I Have To Go Mujhe Jana Hai I Will Be Right Back (male/female) Main Foran Wapas Aaon ga/ge I Hum He Woh She Woh You Aap (respect) It Yeh A Ek Is it a book? Kya yeh ek kitab hai ? Yes, it is a book Haan, yeh ek kitab hai Is it the answer? Kya yeh jawab hai? Yes, it is the answer Haan yehi jawab hai. Will you come with me? Kya tum mere saath aaoge ?

I shall come with you.( male/female) Mein aapke saath aaunga/auungee. Will you give me your pen? Kya tum mujhe apna pen doge ? Yes, of course. Haan, zaroor Can you give me your pen? Kya tum mujhe apna pen de sakte ho? Can you write the exam? Kya tum pariksha likh sakte ho ? Did you have your lunch? Kya tumne dopehar ka khana khaya ? How are you? Tum kaise ho / Aap kaise hain ? I am fine (male/female) Main achha/achee hoon I'm Sorry! (if you don't hear something) male/female Maazrat Chahta Hun/ Maazrat Chahtee hoon Sorry (for a mistake) Maaf Karna No Problem! Koi Baat Nahi! Can You Say It Again? Kya App Ise Dobarah Keh Sakte Hain? Can You Speak Slowly? Kya Aap Ahistah Keh Saktay Hein? Write It Down Please Barae Mihar bani Likhye I Don't Understand Mujhee samajh Nahi aee I Don't Know Mujhe Nahi Malum! I Have No Idea. Mujhe Andazah Nahi What's That Called In Urdu? Ussey Urdu main Kya Kehte Hain? What Is This? Yeh Kya Hai? Don't Worry! Pareshan Nahi Hon Good/ Bad/ So-So. Achchha/ Bura/ Mamuli sa, Thori Thori Big/ Small Bara/ Chota Today/ Now Aaj/ Abhi Tomorrow/ Yesterday Kal(Aney wala )/ Kal(Gurzra huwa) Yes/ No Haan/ Nahi One Eik Two Do

Three Tin Four Char Five Panch Six Che Seven Saat Eight Aath Nine Nau Ten Das Monday somwar Tuesday mangal Wednesday buddh Thursday jumeraat Friday juma Saturday hafta Sunday itwar

Useful guidance is available from:

New Arrivals Excellence Programme Guidance (2007) Ref 00650 – 2007BKT- EN www.nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk This resource is for primary and secondary schools and contains guidance on admission and developing classroom practice.

A language in common: assessing English as an additional language QCA (2000) (QCA/00/584). www.qcda.gov.uk/resources/6200aspx This document sets out steps used in assessment of EAL, linked to English National Curriculum levels. It provides guidance and exemplifications.

Aiming High: guidance on supporting the education of asylum seeking and refugee children (DfES 0287 – 2004) www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/ethnicminorites/links_and_publications/AH_Gdnc _AS_RFG_Apr04?asylumguidance.pdf This guidance helps explain the value of an inclusive ethos and curriculum to all pupils.

Aiming High: meeting the needs of newly arrived learners of EAL (DfES 1381 -2005) www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/primary/publications/inclusion/newarrivals Information on working with newly arrived isolated ERAL pupils in settings that have little or no access to EAL support.

Excellence and enjoyment: learning and teaching for bilingual children in the primary years (DfES 0013 – 2006PCK- EN)

Key Stage 3 National Strategy: Access and engagement in English:teaching pupils for whom English is an additional language (DfES 0609 – 2002)

Publications/Catalogues are available from:

MUNDI Tel: 0115 8546418 Mundi Global Education Centre Foxhall Lodge Foxhall Road Nottingham NG7 6LH www.mundi.org.uk (under construction/Aug 2010) Mundi loan resources to schools in Nottinghamshire free for up to half a term e-mail: [email protected]

MILET Publishing Ltd Tel: 0207 603 5477 6 North End Parade London W14 0SJ England Web: http://www.milet.com

Milet publishers a wide range of bilingual picture dictionaries, including board books for use in early years settings.

TRENTHAM BOOKS LTD Tel: 01782 745567 Westview House, 734 London Road, Stoke on Trent, UK ST4 5NP Web: http://www.trentham-books.co.uk

Trentham publishes 'a wide range of titles plus seven professional journals, mainly in the field of education and social policy.

MANTRA LINGUA Tel: 0208 44 55 123 Global House 303 Ballards Lane London N12 8NP UK Web: http://www.mantralingua.com .

Mantra Lingua creative learning resources Audio CDs, Big Books, e-books, fun tales, folk tales, friezes, games, language learning, packs posters, story props, toys videos and so on.

Classroom Resources are available from:

Free computer programs contain interactive video clips showing the child teaching their home language; available at, www.newburypark.redbridge.sch.uk/langofmonth

The Dingle Granby Toxteth Education Action Zone website; Useful letters for parents translated into Urdu available at: http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/letters

DLTK's Crafts for Kids features a variety images that can be used for creating pupils own subject-specific dictionaries. http://www.dltk-kids.com

Activities for ESL Students can be adapted for EAL pupils in primary and secondary schools. Has bilingual quizzes in large number of languages, available at http://a4esl.org .

Omniglot writing systems and languages of the world available at www.omniglot.com

EMA Online resource base for teachers has been developed by Birmingham, Leeds and Manchester LAs with funding from the DfES, available at; http://www.emaonline.org.uk .

Racist bullying. Advice designed for schools to dip in and out as appropriate for them and offers discussion topics and activities to stimulate debate and spark activity involving everyone in the school community, available at; http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/wholeschool/behaviour/tacklingbullying/racistbul lying.

Teachernet states that a successful home–school relationship can be a key element in making a school stronger and more effective. In particular, it can make a real difference to groups of underachieving pupils and their families, available at; http://www.teachernet.gov.uk.

Nottinghamshire Achievement & Equality Team email:[email protected]