2020 Carbon Management Implementation Plan The University of Warwick
Date: March 2011 Version: FINAL
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Contents
Foreword by Professor Nigel Thrift, Vice Chancellor ...... 4
Foreword from the Carbon Trust ...... 5
Executive Summary ...... 6
1. Introduction ...... 8
1.1 Purpose of this plan ...... 8
1.2 Process of producing the plan ...... 8
1.3 Achievements so far ...... 9
1.4 Definitions ...... 9
2. Carbon Management Strategy ...... 11
2.1 Context and drivers for carbon management ...... 11
2.2 Strategic themes ...... 13
2.3 Targets ...... 13
3. Scope 1 and 2 Emissions Baseline and Projections ...... 14
3.1 Scope ...... 14
3.2 Baseline and assumptions...... 14
3.3 Campus expansion ...... 17
3.4 Emissions projections ...... 18
3.5 Value at stake...... 19
4. Scope 3...... 22
5. Carbon Management Projects ...... 24
5.1 Projects to reduce carbon emissions ...... 24
5.2 Ownership and Responsibility ...... 24
5.3 Projected achievement towards emissions reduction target ...... 25
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5.4 Other potential carbon reduction measures ...... 25
5.5 Effective Space Management ...... 26
6. Carbon Reduction Financing ...... 27
6.1 Financial costs and sources of funding ...... 27
6.2 Additional resources ...... 27
6.3 Success factors ...... 27
6.4 Benefits and savings – quantified and unquantified ...... 28
7. Embedding Carbon Management ...... 29
7.1 Governors sign-off , reporting and delivery of the plan ...... 29
7.2 Data management ...... 29
7.3 Corporate strategy and Policy alignment ...... 30
7.4 Curriculum and research links ...... 30
7.5 Succession planning for key roles ...... 31
7.6 Behavioural change...... 31
8. Conclusion ...... 32
Appendices ...... 33
Appendix A: University Submission to EMS for 2005-06 ...... 34
Appendix B: Carbon Reduction Projects ...... 36
Appendix C: Planned project phasing, estimated investment costs and projected savings ...... 44
Appendix D: Carbon Management Matrix – Embedding. Current status highlighted...... 48
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Foreword by Professor Nigel Thrift, Vice Chancellor
The University of Warwick is firmly committed to the principles of sustainability, with environmental, social and economic factors forming a key part of the University’s ongoing Strategy. The mitigation of, and adaptation to, the effects of future climate change permeates a large part of the University’s operation. We are actively engaged in developing low carbon solutions to address these challenges, through our research, teaching and consulting activities.
It is imperative that we “practice what we preach” and this 2020 Carbon Management Implementation Plan provides our carbon reduction roadmap to 2020. Having had a pioneering involvement in the first tranche of the Carbon Trust’s Higher Education Carbon Management Programme, the University has now set an aspirational target in seeking to more than halve its existing direct carbon emissions in less than ten years. There is also the commitment to incorporate indirect carbon emissions into the Plan in due course.
In order to achieve the carbon reduction target, this Plan necessarily encompasses a wide variety of initiatives. These range from highly technical infrastructure enhancements to behavioural change projects. It is incumbent on all members of Warwick’s community to take responsibility for reducing carbon emissions and to consider ways of enhancing our future performance in a carbon-constrained world.
I am delighted that, through the successful implementation of this Plan, the University of Warwick will retain its position at the forefront of carbon management efforts across the sector and beyond.
Professor Nigel Thrift Vice-Chancellor, University of Warwick
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Foreword from the Carbon Trust
Cutting carbon emissions as part of the fight against climate change should be a key priority for universities - it's all about getting your own house in order and leading by example. The UK government has identified the university sector as key to delivering carbon reduction across the UK inline with its Kyoto commitments.
The University of Warwick partnered with the Carbon Trust on this Carbon Management Energy Efficiency programme in order to save money on energy and putting it to good use in other areas, whilst making a positive contribution to the environment by lowering its carbon emissions. This
Carbon Management Plan commits the university to a target of reducing CO2e emissions in absolute terms by 60% by 2020/21 compared to 2005/6 baseline and underpins potential financial savings to the university of around £10.9 million per annum by 2020/21.
There are those that can and those that do. Universities can contribute significantly to reducing CO2e emissions. The Carbon Trust is very proud to support the University of Warwick in their ongoing implementation of carbon management.
Richard Rugg Head of Public Sector, Carbon Trust
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Executive Summary
Through this Carbon Management Implementation Plan, the University of Warwick aims to continue to transform its estate, operations and behaviours to deliver a low carbon university by 2020. This Plan is the successor to the University’s original Plan which covered the period from 2006-07 to 2010-11 and resulted in the successful completion of a wide variety of projects aimed at reducing the University’s carbon footprint.
In 2005-06, Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon emissions across the University of Warwick amounted to
47,288 tonnes CO2e. By 2008-09, they had reduced by 1.3% to 46,660 tonnes CO2e. When corrected for the growth in staff and student numbers this corresponds to a 5.6% reduction and 18.4% when corrected for the growth in the University’s gross income. The current baseline calculations only cover Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions sources and omit emissions associated with Scope 3, although the University is already undertaking actions to minimize its emissions in many of these areas. It is estimated that it will then take until the end of 2011/12 to obtain a robust baseline across all aspects of scope 3 at which point these can be included in the carbon reduction programme.
HEFCE has undertaken analysis of the sector’s recent carbon emissions, as the sector has grown extensively since 1990. It considers that a sector wide target of 43% reduction in emissions by 2020/21 compared to 2005/6 should be considered equivalent to the existing UK Government target. Notwithstanding this, the University of Warwick has available data relating to 1990 and has grown faster than the sector average during the intervening period. As such, the University has committed to match the Government target of a 34% reduction against 1990 levels. It has therefore committed to achieve a 60% reduction in emissions by 2020/21 compared to its own 2005/6 baseline.
The Estates Masterplan sets out the University’s plans to grow covering the period to 2020. As part of this, there is planned to be an additional 171,000 m² of building space. The assumptions for the campus expansion have resulted in the projection of growth in emissions to 53,703 tonnes CO2e by 2020/21. Achievement of the target emissions reduction would correspond to emissions of only
18,915 tonnes CO2e. Therefore measures which would reduce Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon emissions by about 34,788 tonnes CO2e are predicted to be required in order to achieve the carbon reduction target.
By 2020/21 the energy costs accounting for planned estate changes and price increases is estimated to be £19,629,080 pa but if the carbon reduction target is achieved these could be reduced to about £8,761343 pa. Therefore the value at stake in achieving the carbon reduction target would correspond to an annual saving of about £10.9 million by 2020/21.
A suite of potential carbon reduction projects have initially been identified, ranging from building refurbishments and improved controls, to behavioural change initiatives and low carbon energy generation. The list of projects underpinning this implementation plan is not exhaustive, with all projects subject to scrutiny to ensure their ongoing appropriateness from economic, social and/or 6
environmental perspectives. As of March 2011, the projects identified to date are estimated to require approximately £38.8 million in capital investment between 2009/10 and 2020/21, delivering annual savings of £7.1 million, at today’s prices, and providing an average payback period of 5.4 years. Furthermore, the implementation of the projects will create annual carbon emission savings of 34,493 tonnes CO2e. Under this plan, by 2020/21, the University’s total Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions are predicted to be 19,210 tonnes CO2e, which is 295 tonnes CO2e above the target emissions of 18,915. This means that 99% of the requisite 60% reduction has been identified.
The following funding is available to implement the projects: £150,000 per year is allocated by the University through the Estates Office for general energy saving projects; £650,000 from the HEFCE/Salix Finance Revolving Green Fund and currently £857,000 in loans; an additional sum of £660,000 over the next eight years for general energy efficiency measures in residences, conference venues and retail areas is included in the Estates Commercial Group 10 year plan; and, subject to approval of viable projects, the University has made an outline commitment to £2M per annum for “Energy Efficiency Related Improvements” over a five year period.
Whilst these funds will allow implementation of many projects significant additional investment will be required to be made directly by the University if all the projects (particularly those requiring major capital investments) are to be implemented. Robust business cases for these projects will be formally passed through the University’s governance structures (including Finance & General Purposes Committee) in order to approve their funding.
The Carbon Challenge Group will, through its quarterly meetings, monitor the University’s carbon emissions and ensure that they reduce as planned and recommend the necessary remedial actions if they do not. This will be achieved through recommendations passed to the University’s Building Committee for approval and through ultimately to Council (the University’s Governing body) who have formally sign off the University’s approval of this plan. The University’s Environmental Policy and Energy Policy both already address carbon reduction, and the University Strategy, once its review is complete will also make explicit reference to the requirement to reduce carbon emissions by over 50% by 2020.
It will also be important to ensure that staff and students continue to play their part in carbon reduction through further inclusion of sustainability and carbon reduction into curriculum development and undertaking research projects which address carbon reduction. There will be continued innovation in the methods used to engage staff and students, delivering the required behavioural change for achievement of this ambitious carbon reduction plan.
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1. Introduction This Carbon Management Plan aims to provide a continuing impetus for the University of Warwick to put climate change into context for its community of staff and students, bringing the issue of reducing carbon emissions to the forefront. This Plan will ensure that the University continues to measure, monitor and reduce its carbon footprint over the next ten years.
1.1 Purpose of this plan In April 2005, the University of Warwick joined 19 other Universities in a pilot programme for Higher Education Institutions run by the Carbon Trust. The Higher Education Carbon Management Programme (HECMP) resulted in the derivation of a carbon emissions baseline for 2004-05 and the compilation of a Carbon Management Implementation Plan which was subsequently endorsed by the Carbon Trust.
The original carbon management implementation plan ran for 5 years from 2006-07 to 2010-11 and resulted in the successful completion of a wide variety of projects aimed at reducing the University’s carbon footprint. The University achieved a relative reduction in carbon emissions which is presented in detail in section 3.4. However, given the growth of the campus, absolute carbon emissions rose by circa 2% per annum.
It should be noted that this original carbon management programme covered activities at the main campus only. It specifically excluded the Horticultural Research International (HRI) sites at Wellesbourne, Warwickshire and Kirton, Lincolnshire which were acquired in April 2004 by the University of Warwick. HRI Kirton is no longer owned by the University but the Wellesbourne campus has been included in the Department of Life Sciences and is now included in this plan.
In January 2010, HEFCE published its Statement of Policy: “Carbon reduction target and strategy for higher education in England” (HEFCE 2010/01) and subsequently established the link between capital funding and demonstrable carbon reduction. This included a requirement for institutions to “set their own targets for 2020 for scope 1 and 2 emissions against a 2005 baseline”.
This document is the updated implementation plan for the University of Warwick to reduce its carbon emissions. It builds on the wealth of knowledge acquired through the HECMP. This plan has been produced in conjunction with and has been verified by the Carbon Trust.
1.2 Process of producing the plan The University has worked through a process in updating this carbon management plan comprising: 1. Key members of the Estates Energy and Environment team within the University worked together with the Carbon Trust to produce the 2005-6 baseline, agree the likely projections of emissions accounting for the Masterplan and to develop a suitable carbon reduction target for the University, in line with UK Government targets. 2. Existing planned and potential projects to reduce carbon emissions were explored and further ideas were generated by a workshop held within the University’s Estates Department. This was developed into a programme of carbon reduction measures, providing a cost effective route to emissions reduction. 3. This carbon management plan was then produced together with the Carbon Trust to summarise the above steps and provide a record of the University’s carbon reduction activities. 8
1.3 Achievements so far Installation of the combined heat and power (CHP) system in 2001 was significant in reducing the University’s carbon emissions. The system provides the heat for buildings, domestic hot water and cooling using absorption chilling as well as approximately 50% of the campus annual electricity consumption. Heating upgrades enabled the removal of inefficient boilers in residences as they were linked to the district heating, also resulting in reduced maintenance costs. Efficiency of the district heating system has been further improved through a £0.75 million extension to provide new cooling facilities and thermal stores.
Numerous awareness-raising measures have also been implemented in recent years. Recently, the “Let's Make It Happen” environmental awareness programme aimed to reduce energy consumption across the University through engagement of both staff and students. The programme has resulted in significant energy, carbon and financial savings. Measures taken included: switch it off week and energy saving week; a Departmental energy saving competition; a campaign to reduce our baseload energy consumption on Christmas Day using data from the last 10 years; and participating for the last 4 years in the Student Switch Off campaign, run in partnership with NUS. Halls of residence within the University compete against each other to save energy.
The University invested in three fully electric MegaVans, used for Food & Drink delivery, waste collection around the campus, and by the University Security team. These have reduced emissions compared to using conventional vehicles as they are powered by electricity produced on-site by the CHP. The University was also highly commended in Business in the Community's 2010 Regional Excellence Award for Sustainable Travel implemented as a result of its Green Travel Plan.
1.4 Definitions
The terms “carbon”, “carbon dioxide”, “CO2” and “CO2e” are used interchangeably in this document to mean carbon dioxide gas that is emitted either directly from the fuel combustion process (such as engine exhaust fumes), or where appropriate as an equivalent for emissions of other greenhouse gases. It should be noted that over the last few years, greenhouse gas conversion factors have been revised annually (most recently in October 2010). In addition, calculation and reporting requirements (in terms of specific greenhouse gases) vary for different bodies. The 2005/06 baseline is reported in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) and it is the intention to standardize all future reporting and business case derivation to CO2e.
Through the original carbon management programme, the University has identified the activities responsible for carbon emissions being released into the atmosphere. Convention divides these activities into three groups (known as “scopes”). The three scopes are:
Scope 1 (Direct emissions): Activities owned or controlled by the University that release emissions straight into the atmosphere. They are direct emissions. Examples of scope 1 emissions include emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers, CHP engines, vehicles; emissions from chemical production in owned or controlled process equipment.
Scope 2 (Energy indirect): Emissions being released into the atmosphere associated with the University’s consumption of purchased electricity, heat, steam or cooling. These are indirect emissions 9
that are a consequence of the University’s activities but which occur at sources that are not owned or controlled.
Scope 3 (Other indirect): Emissions that are a consequence of the University’s actions, which occur at sources which are not owned or controlled and which are not classed as scope 2 emissions. Examples of scope 3 emissions are business travel by means not owned or controlled by the University, waste disposal, or purchased materials.
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2. Carbon Management Strategy
The University has developed this updated carbon management plan to respond to a range of drivers, both internal and external. These are outlined in this section and their significance discussed. Also outlined are the strategic themes, which explain the key areas in which the University will respond to the drivers for carbon management. Finally, the target which will be adopted for carbon reduction which quantifies the University’s response is explained.
2.1 Context and drivers for carbon management
Climate Change Human-induced climate change is high on the agenda of many nations, with potentially devastating environmental, social and economic repercussions. The release of carbon dioxide and other ‘greenhouse gases’ is very likely to be the main cause of global warming, thus it is imperative that individuals and institutions take action to minimise contributions to atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is likely that changes to the climate of the UK and the rest of the world will affect Warwick both directly and indirectly in the future. It is in the interests of the University’s corporate responsibility to reduce its contribution to the problem and to take a leading role in utilising low-carbon technology.
The UK committed, through the Kyoto Protocol, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A more stringent domestic target was set under the Climate Change Act, requiring a reduction of 80% of UK CO2e emissions by 2050, and by 34% of 1990 levels by 2020 (1990 baseline). The University of Warwick’s emissions reduction efforts should be observed in the wider context of these national Governmental targets.
Sustainable Development The University has made explicit reference to sustainability in its overall strategy, with the University Environmental Policy having definite objectives and aims to progress over the coming years. The Carbon Management Programme is an opportunity to quantify progress made in sustainable development, and also provides a tangible objective.
Rising energy costs The University’s energy bill reached about £8.7 million in 2008/9. Although the contracts for electricity and gas have been fixed until the end of 2013 further campus expansion, volatile energy markets and carbon taxes are likely to bring about substantial future increases in utility expenditure.
Future Funding HEFCE has committed the Higher Education Sector to Government targets in respect of scope 1 and scope 2 emissions. It has estimated that, given the growth of the sector since 1990, the Government target base year, that this is equivalent to a 43% reduction against 2005/6 levels. HEFCE also proposes that the HE sector commits to making reductions in scope 3 emissions, with the intention of setting targets for these emissions when measurement technology permits. The Department for Education and Skills mandated HEFCE to promote sustainable development actively and to reflect it in the second capital funding allocation (CIF2) for Universities.
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Value for money As the public sector finances tighten, it is important that efficient use of public funds is made and cost savings are made wherever possible. Many carbon reduction measures correspond to efficiency improvements, yielding cost savings.
Climate Change Levy Climate Change Levy (CCL) adds a (tax) cost to overall utility expenditure. The impact of the CCL on the University remains limited due to the operation of the Combined Heat and Power installation which is CCL exempt. The CCL paid currently is an unnecessary expenditure that can be curtailed with investment in low-carbon energy supplies.
Reduced ETS allowances in the future Phase II of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme runs from 2008 to 2012 and it covers Scope 1 emissions from combustion only as it accounts for energy consumption and generation. Its aim is to act as a cap and trade emissions scheme to encourage energy efficiency. The University is included on the basis of the size of its CHP and district heating network, with an allowance of about 25,000 tonnes which it largely consumes, the majority (70 to 80%) being for the gas utilised in the CHP. However future reductions in emissions’ allowances could lead to a shortfall in credits, which combined with energy price rises, could be costly. However there is also the opportunity for Warwick to meet its target, accumulate the extra credits and trade them, providing additional revenue.
Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme (CRC EES) Since April 2010 any organisation that consumed more than 6,000 Mega Watt hours of half hourly monitored electricity during 2008 has been legally obliged to participate in the CRC EES, the Government’s new carbon trading scheme. This will cover the University’s emissions which are not already reported under EU ETS. Participants in CRC EES will need to buy carbon allowances each year, based on their energy consumption, to cover their emissions.
EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) This came into force on 4th January 2006 and sets out to ‘promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the EU through cost effective measures’ and to ‘promote the convergence of building standards towards those Member States which already have ambitious levels’ implemented through specific measures and standards in the UK. The measures are: calculating the energy performance of buildings; the introduction of regular inspections of cooling, heating and boiler installations; a set of performance standards applicable to both new and existing buildings; and a certification scheme for both new and existing buildings. Energy performance certification is required for all new buildings and when existing buildings are rented out or sold on. There is also a requirement for larger public buildings (over 1,000m2) to show a display energy certificate (DEC) in a prominent position within the building. This certificate must be renewed annually.
Building Regulations – Part L They set out requirements for energy efficiency and the effective control of buildings and associated plant. These regulations apply to both new buildings and refurbishments.
Campus expansion The Estates’ Masterplan sets out the University’s plans to grow covering the period to 2020. Increasing the building area on the campus will lead to increases in energy consumption, and resultant increases
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in carbon dioxide emissions unless sufficient counter measures are taken. The assumptions used in estimating the impact of the planned changes is explained in section 3.3.
Reputation and Image It is important that institutional reputation and appeal for future recruitment of both students and staff is considered. Further, the reputation to external stakeholders in taking action to reduce carbon emissions, should be promoted going forward through effective communication of a coherent strategy. This will comprise: an improved corporate image for the University (as a ‘green university’) through continued participation in initiatives such as the People and Planet’s “Green League” and "Universities that Count" in which the University was ranked in the top 5 in the 2010 benchmarking exercise for its environmental and social responsibility; continuing to encourage environmentally aware behaviour in staff and students; and exploring the potential for more inclusive environmental progress across campus (integrating departments in the progression towards our carbon reduction objective).
2.2 Strategic themes The strategic themes in reducing the University’s carbon emissions are:
1. Ensuring that the expansion of the University outlined in the Masterplan is as low carbon as possible.
2. Ensuring that current activities are conducted as efficiently as possible so that emissions are minimised.
3. That energy costs are minimised, providing efficient use of the University’s funding.
4. Ensuring that space is used efficiently across the University, given that effective space management is integral to reducing carbon emissions.
These themes will be explored in detail in this report.
2.3 Targets HEFCE has undertaken analysis of the sector’s recent carbon emissions, as the sector has grown extensively since 1990. It considers that a sector wide target of 43% reduction in emissions by 2020/21 compared to 2005/6 should be considered equivalent to the existing UK Government target.
However, the University of Warwick has available data relating to 1990 and has grown faster than the sector average during the intervening period.
The University is seeking to match the Government target of a 34% reduction against 1990 levels and is therefore committing to achieve a 60% reduction in emissions by 2020/21 compared to a 2005/6 baseline.
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3. Scope 1 and 2 Emissions Baseline and Projections
The carbon emissions included in the baseline are explained and the significance of different sources discussed. Then, the effects of the future growth of the University on its carbon emissions is explored. Finally, the significance of achieving the carbon reduction target is explained in terms of both reduction in carbon emissions and energy costs.
3.1 Scope This baseline covers emissions from activities at the main campus and the HRI Wellesbourne site. Material carbon emissions sources accounted for in this baseline (Scope 1 and 2 emissions only) are:
Scope 1 natural gas – gas-fuelled CHP (“energy centre gas”) and decentralised boilers, kitchens and laboratories (“firm gas”); fuel oil – heating oil; and vehicle fuel oil – diesel, petrol.
Scope 2 grid electricity.
The emissions from gas, electricity and fuel oil use within buildings are based on the data submitted as part of the Estate Management Statistics (www.opdems.ac.uk) (reproduced in Appendix A) and the 2005/06 University of Warwick Energy Report (see Appendix B).
Given the specific nature of this baseline calculation (for Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions only), it currently omits fugitive emissions (for example, from air conditioning systems). Following appropriation of the necessary data, these will, in time, be included in the carbon reduction programme.
3.2 Baseline and assumptions The following represents a summary of the direct Scope 1 carbon emissions produced by the University of Warwick in 2005-06:
Fuel Use Main campus HRI Total Emission Factor Carbon Emission (tonnes)
Oil (kWh) 0 492,819 492,819 0.258 127
Gas (kWh) 131,992,705 12,506,525 144,499,230 0.185 26,732
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Fleet Vehicles Main campus HRI Total Emission Factor Carbon Emission (tonnes)
Number of vehicles 125 51 176 2* 352
* The fleet emissions are estimated as 352 tonnes CO2e based upon a general 2 tonnes per vehicle per annum, the number of vehicles operating across the University and the previous estimate of fleet emissions calculated as part of the previous carbon management programme.
In 2005-06, Scope 1 carbon emissions across the University of Warwick amounted to: 27,212 tonnes
CO2e.
The following represents a summary of the indirect Scope 2 carbon emissions associated with the use of bought-in (grid) electricity at the University of Warwick in 2005-06:
Electricity Main HRI Total Emission Carbon Emission campus Factor (tonnes)
Grid Electricity 29,899,372 7,347,640 37,247,012 0.539** 20,076 (kWh)
** Revised carbon emission factor (DEFRA, 2010) – average of 2005 and 2006 figures
In 2005-06, Scope 2 carbon emissions across the University of Warwick amounted to 20,076 tonnes
CO2e.
In 2005-06, Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon emissions across the University of Warwick amounted to
47,288 tonnes CO2e.
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The following pie chart illustrates the composition of the scope 1 and 2 baseline carbon footprint from 2005-06 and shows that emissions from buildings dominate the fleet emissions:
0.3%
Oil 42.5% Gas Fleet 56.5% Grid electricity
0.7%
Scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions 2005-06 Data has also been compiled for the scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions over recent years. The following represents a summary of the carbon emissions produced by the University of Warwick in 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09:
2006-07 Source Total Emission Factor Carbon Emission (tonnes)
Scope 1 Oil (kWh) 422,912 0.25972 110
Gas (kWh) 144,644,927 0.185 26,759
Fleet Vehicles (litres) 137,906 2.6391 364
Scope 2 Grid Electricity (kWh) 32,652,083 0.539 17,599
Total 2006-07 44,833
2007-08 Source Total Emission Factor Carbon Emission (tonnes)
Scope 1 Oil (kWh) 599,705 0.24683 148
Gas (kWh) 141,179,132 0.185 26,118
Fleet Vehicles (litres) 146,064 2.672 390
Scope 2 Grid Electricity (kWh) 37,550,608 0.539 20,240
Total 2007-08 46,896
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2008-09 Source Total Emission Factor Carbon Emission (tonnes)
Scope 1 Oil (litres) 1,000 2.5421 3
Gas (kWh) 144,601,093 0.18523 26,784
Fleet Vehicles (litres) 163,341 2.672 436
Scope 2 Grid Electricity (kWh) 35,648,385 0.54522 19,436
Total 2008-09 46,660
In 2008-09, Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon emissions across the University of Warwick amounted to
46,660 tonnes CO2e i.e. reduced by 1.3% compared to 2005/6.
The University however grew from 2005/6 to 2008/9 as shown in the following table:
2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 Staff and student FTE 20,979 20,881 21,275 21,920
£ turnover £310,601,000 £330,511,000 £350,181,000 £375,656,000
This therefore means that the emissions reduced to a greater extent in relative terms as illustrated in the following table:
Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions Percentage in 2005/6 in 2006/7 in 2007/8 in 2008/9 reduction (tonnes (tonnes (tonnes (tonnes from 2005/6
CO2e) CO2e) CO2e) CO2e) to 2008/9 (%) Emissions in absolute 47,288 44,833 46,896 46,660 1.3 terms Per staff and student FTE 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 5.6 Per £1000 turnover 0.152 0.136 0.134 0.124 18.4
3.3 Campus expansion The Estates Masterplan sets out the University’s plans to grow covering the period to 2020. The main relevant issue is that there is planned to be an additional 171,000 m² of building space.
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For the purposes of this plan, it has been assumed that:
this new building space will be highly efficient, meeting BREEAM Excellent target;
this will however involve additional consumption of energy; and
there will be energy used for the buildings plus the new activities occurring within them.
This has resulted in the following being used to model the potential increase in carbon emissions:
60kWh/m2 per annum for electricity, 32 kWh/m2 per annum for heating and 13kWh/m2 per annum for cooling, based upon CTU building. No additional allowance was made for energy consumption from new (unforeseen) more energy intensive activities;
that the increase in area, therefore emissions, is linear from 2011/12 to 2020/21; and
that there was no change in energy consumption from the existing buildings.
3.4 Emissions projections The assumptions for the campus expansion have resulted in the projection of emissions to 2020/21 as shown by the blue line in the following graph. The target emissions required if the University is to achieve its carbon reduction target are shown by the green dashed line:
60,000 53,703 49,477 50,000
40,000
30,000 46,660 47,288 27,289 emissions (tonnes) emissions 46,896 18,915
2e 44,833
20,000 CO
10,000
0
2006/07 2008/09 2010/11 2012/13 2014/15 2016/17 2018/19 2020/21 2005/06 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2013/14 2015/16 2017/18 2019/20 Actual emissions
Projected emissions accounting for planned estate changes (tonnes CO2)
Target emissions, 60% reduction by 2020/21 compared to 2005/6 (tonnes CO2)
The emissions projections of the campus expansion estimate the growth in emissions to 53,703 tonnes
CO2e by 2020/21. Achievement of the target emissions reduction would correspond to emissions of only 18,915 tonnes CO2e. Therefore measures which would reduce the carbon emissions of the
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existing buildings and their energy supply by about 34,788 tonnes CO2e are predicted to be required if the carbon reduction target is to be achieved.
3.5 Value at stake Data was obtained from the Estates Office records for the cost of energy consumption for 2008/9. The University’s predictions of energy cost increases for subsequent years are as shown in the following table:
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Year /11 /12 /13 /14 /15 /16 /17 /18 /19 /20 /21 General inflation (%) 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Fuel inflation (%) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Inflation figures derived from University central Finance Office as part of 5 year planning process. The cost of carbon taxes (CCL, CRC EES, EU ETS etc) is not included in this VAS calculation.
Estimates were then made for the corresponding increases in energy cost accounting for the increase in energy consumption corresponding to the planned estate changes and allowing for cost increases each year. This is shown by the blue line in the following graph. Similarly, estimates were made of the reduction in energy cost accounting for the reduction in consumption corresponding to achieving the carbon reduction target and allowing for cost increases each year, shown by the green line in the following graph:
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20,000,000 19,629,080
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000 Energy Cost (£) 8,761,343
6,000,000 8,727,805 4,000,000
2,000,000
0
2008/9
2011/12 2013/14 2015/16 2018/19 2020/21 2009/10 2010/11 2012/13 2014/15 2016/17 2017/18 2019/20 Actual cost
Energy cost accounting for planned estate changes, with price increases (£)
Target cost with price increases (£)
The graph shows that by 2020/21 the energy costs accounting for planned estate changes and price increases is estimated to be £19,629,080 but if the carbon reduction target is achieved these could be reduced to about £8,761343. Therefore the value at stake in achieving the carbon reduction target would correspond to an annual saving of about £10.9 million by 2020/21 as shown in the following table. To achieve this, a series of projects will be implemented as described in section 5.
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Summary of emissions and cost projections
Projected annual Estimated annual energy Estimated target emissions Target annual Emissions cost (£) accounting for annual energy cost Energy cost savings Year accounting for emissions savings planned estate changes, (£) with price (£) estate changes (tonnes CO ) (tonnes CO ) 2e 2e with price increases increases (tonnes CO2e)
2008/9 46,660 39,369 7,290 8,727,805 8,727,805 -
2009/10 46,660 37,037 9,623 9,312,568 8,760,727 551,841
2010/11 46,660 34,842 11,818 9,936,510 8,793,772 1,142,738
2011/12 47,364 32,777 14,587 10,707,562 8,826,942 1,880,620
2012/13 48,068 30,835 17,233 11,530,275 8,860,238 2,670,038
2013/14 48,773 29,008 19,765 12,344,151 8,847,815 3,496,336
2014/15 49,477 27,289 22,188 13,208,080 8,835,410 4,372,669
2015/16 50,181 25,672 24,510 14,125,140 8,823,022 5,302,118
2016/17 50,886 24,150 26,735 15,098,599 8,810,652 6,287,948
2017/18 51,590 22,719 28,871 16,131,927 8,798,299 7,333,628
2018/19 52,294 21,373 30,921 17,228,804 8,785,963 8,442,841
2019/20 52,999 20,107 32,892 18,393,138 8,773,644 9,619,494
2020/21 53,703 18,915 34,788 19,629,080 8,761,343 10,867,737
Total 645,315 364,092 281,223 176,373,639 114,405,633 61,968,007
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4. Scope 3
The current baseline calculations given here in section 3 only cover Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions sources. They therefore currently omit emissions associated with: waste generated by the University; materials recycling (paper, glass and metals not entering the general waste stream); indirect emissions associated with water use across the University; commuting ( by students); travel (by staff); suppliers’ travel ( for site works and goods supply); conference delegate travel; and embedded carbon.
Data is already available in some areas (such as water, waste and recycling) which would enable calculation of the associated carbon emissions. Other areas however require processes to be set up to capture the required information and this is currently being undertaken. However, the University is already undertaking actions to minimize its emissions in many of these areas, setting targets as part of its Environmental Policy, see section 7.3. The current status is summarised in the following table. It is estimated that it will then take until the end of 2011/12 to obtain a robust baseline across all aspects of scope 3 at which point these can be included in the carbon reduction programme.
Emissions source Current status
Waste generated by the Data is already available (tonnes of waste to landfill and incinerated). University Waste minimisation activities have been undertaken and continue, realizing a 25% reduction general waste produced from 2004/5 to 2008/9.
Materials recycling (paper, Data is already available (tonnes of waste recycled, by material). glass and metals not Recycling targets have already been set and exceeded as recycling has entering the general waste increased and is in excess of 27%. stream) Indirect emissions Data is already available (m3 water). associated with water use A target has been set to reduce water consumption per student. across the University Commuting ( by students) A travel survey was done in 2005 and repeated in December 2010 with a high response rate. This will be used together with the student numbers to extrapolate the total number of daily commuting journeys. Further, information will be obtained on the numbers/countries corresponding to the journeys made to student placements and by international students so that estimates of these journeys can be made. The impact of these journeys is being addressed by the Green Travel Plan through measures such as student car share, ensuring bus services cover campus, encouraging use of bikes, electric scooters and public transport. A target has been set to continue to continue to introduce initiatives.
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Travel (by staff) A travel survey was done in 2005 and repeated in December 2010 with a high response rate. This will be used together with the staff numbers to extrapolate the total number of daily commuting journeys. Data is currently being obtained on travel for business purposes from the approved travel suppliers. Investigations are being made to find the best way to capture information on business travel booked by individuals independently through travel expense reclaims. The impact of these journeys is being addressed by the Green Travel Plan through measures such as staff car share, ensuring bus services cover campus, encouraging use of bikes, electric scooters and public transport. A target has been set to continue to continue to introduce initiatives. The procedures around business travel will also be reviewed.
Suppliers’ travel (for site Data will need to be compiled for these journeys and is likely to be works and goods supply) obtained through requirements added to contracts. There has been rationalisation of the stationery supply chain to significantly reduce delivery vehicle movements onto and around the campus.
Conference delegate travel Data will need to be compiled for these journeys and is likely to be obtained through requirements added to contracts or through surveys.
Embedded carbon Data will need to be compiled on the goods and services procured. There is a target to introduce a system to audit key suppliers with respect to their environmental management practices and there is assessment of environmental criteria within the central tendering process. There are already plans to then reduce the impact of the embedded carbon in some areas. There is a target that 75% of all paper procured by the University through the existing stationery contracts constitutes “recycled paper” which has lower embedded carbon. Advice has also been provided on minimizing the impact of publications printed by the University. The target to achieve BREEAM “Excellent” standard for all new university buildings will ensure lower embedded carbon.
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5. Carbon Management Projects
Successfully reducing the University’s carbon emissions by the amount necessary to achieve the target will require the implementation of projects across all aspects of the University’s activities. The measures are described and their cumulative effect shown.
5.1 Projects to reduce carbon emissions A suite of potential carbon reduction projects, categorized in a series of eight themes, have initially been identified. It should be stressed that the list of projects underpinning this implementation plan is not exhaustive, with all projects subject to ongoing refinement and assessment to ensure their continued appropriateness from economic, social and/or environmental perspectives.
A summary of the project themes is given in the following table. The full details of the projects, as of March 2011, are outlined in appendix B.
Project Area Ownership of Project cost (£) Annual savings (£) Payback period CO2e saving Area (years) (tonnes) Building improvement to Director of 8,363,850 276,223 30.3 2,170 reduce heat consumption. Estates IT services reduction of Director of IT 901,900 144,098 6.3 1,020 electricity consumption Services Lighting reduction of Director of 2,394,691 545,317 4.4 3,736 electricity consumption Estates Cooling changes to reduce Director of 1,063,525 312,431 3.4 2,050 heat and electricity Estates consumption Behaviour changes in Carbon Challenge 138,000 370,442 0.4 2,699 academic and non Group academic areas to reduce utilities demand Low carbon energy Director of 23,742,542 4,954,865 4.8 17,745 generation Estates Estates Modifications to Director of 2,065,479 517,831 4 6,128 reduce Utilities Demand & Estates Cost Fleet Director of 100,000 18,000 5.6 34 Estates Total 38,769,987 7,139,207 5.4 35,582
The success of the projects will be ensured by regular monitoring of building energy performance by the Energy Manager and fleet fuel consumption by the Transport Manager to ensure that the changes result in the reductions expected. This is explained further in section 7.2.
5.2 Ownership and Responsibility The successful implementation of this plan will demand collaboration across the entire University. Strategic responsibility for specific delivery areas is detailed in the table in section 5.1. Monitoring of performance against planned reductions will be the responsibility of the Carbon Challenge Group, as detailed in section 7.1.
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5.3 Projected achievement towards emissions reduction target The following graph illustrates the estimated effect of implementing the projects outlined above on the University’s carbon footprint. The graph is derived from the project phasing, investment and payback information detailed in Appendix C. It shows that if the projects are implemented, then the University will be able to reduce its emissions such that by 2020/21 the emissions are reduced to
19,210 tonnes CO2e, which is 295 tonnes CO2e above the target emissions of 18,915. This means that, through the projects detailed in this plan, 99% of the required emissions’ reduction has been identified.
60,000 53,703 49,477 50,000
40,000
30,000 31,521 46,660 47,288 27,289 emissions (tonnes) emissions 46,896 18,915
2e 44,833 20,000 CO 19,210
10,000
0
09 13 15 17 10 12 14 18 20
/ / / / / / / / /
2006/07 2008 2010/11 2012 2014 2016 2018/19 2020/21 2005/06 2007/08 2009 2011 2013 2015/16 2017 2019 Actual emissions Projected emissions accounting for planned estate changes (tonnes CO2) Target emissions, 60% reduction by 2020/21 compared to 2005/6 (tonnes CO2) Emissions in this plan
5.4 Other potential carbon reduction measures In addition to the measures outlined above there are measures which have been identified but the savings from which have not yet been quantified. These include: replacement of older type metal or timber framed single glazed windows with modern units; controlling the solar gain in Benefactors or use PV; change oversized boiler for smaller more efficient one at HRI; implement solar thermal panels to heat green houses at HRI; replace standard air conditioning by dry coolers in Rootes Building; replace boilers in Social Studies; replace Rootes Building boiler with a more efficient one or connect to district heating; install lighting controls for Computer Science and the School of Engineering as well as sensor controlled lighting in other areas; improve the external lighting; consider evaporative cooling in IT services staff office on the 2nd floor; implement behavioural change relating to the use of heating controls in Engineering; control fridges and freezers, towel rail heating and the Zeeman fountain; and connect Computer Science to the District Heating.
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5.5 Effective Space Management In addition to the specific carbon reducing projects and measures listed above, the University is committed to reducing its carbon emissions through the effective management of space. The Capital Planning and Accommodation Review Group (CPARG) is the University committee, chaired by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, which has responsibility for space strategy, allocation and usage in the context of the University’s overall Strategy. Departments are increasingly expected to improve their efficiency of space use; underused space is challenged (and potentially used for other purposes) and departments experiencing growth must show they are using space effectively and operating within the University’s space management guidelines before further space allocations are considered.
As part of the University’s capital planning procedure, major refurbishment project proposals are required to provide evidence that space flexibility and usage will be improved and maximised. Building projects that increase the University’s overall footprint are only considered where the new buildings and their activities will be vital to the realisation of the University Strategy. The University is in the process of developing Masterplans for the future uses of the Wellesbourne and Westwood sites, both of which currently have a number of under-used and poor quality buildings. The outcomes of these Masterplans will be crucial in helping to shape the University’s long term space strategy.
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6. Carbon Reduction Financing
The resources and success factors required for the successful implementation of the carbon reduction projects are described and how they will be provided is explained.
6.1 Financial costs and sources of funding To implement the carbon reduction projects described in section 5.1 will require, from 2009/10 to 2020/21, capital investment of £38.8 million. A summary of the planned project phasing, estimated investment costs and projected savings is given in appendix C.
A budget of £150,000 per year is allocated by the University through the Estates Office for general energy saving projects. In addition, there is £650,000 available through the HEFCE/Salix Finance Revolving Green Fund, with savings to be reinvested in compliant energy-saving projects. The University has also received £857,000 in Salix loans which are repayable through savings achieved. An additional sum for general energy efficiency measures in residences, conference venues and retail areas is included in the Estates Commercial Group 10 year plan. Over the next eight years, this amounts to £660,000 (average £82,500 per year).
During early 2011, and subject to approval of viable projects, the University made an outline commitment to at least £2 million per annum for “Energy Efficiency Related Improvements” over a five year period. This approval will take account of economic, social and environmental factors in ensuring optimal benefit for the University.
Whilst these identified funds will allow implementation of many projects significant additional investment will be required to be made directly by the University if all the projects (particularly those requiring major capital investments) are to be implemented. Robust business cases for these projects will be formally presented to Finance & General Purposes Committee for the University to approve their funding.
6.2 Additional resources In addition to the capital investment and operational costs of these measures, it is essential that sufficient staff time and resource is devoted to implement the measures. As such many Estates Department staff will be involved with the technical management and implementation of the planned measures. In addition, the Environment Manager, Energy Manager and Transport Manager will be involved in ensuring the detailed programme of measures are successful and the planned reductions achieved.
6.3 Success factors There are a range of factors which are key to ensuring the successful achievement of the carbon reduction target:
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some projects are only cost effective if they are implemented at the time of other building refurbishment activities. Therefore, for some projects it will be important that their phasing is linked to these refurbishments; the assumptions around the energy consumption of the new building will depend upon the types of building that are required which is not known at this stage; currently the specific types of new activities that will be undertaken in the campus expansion are not known. They will significantly influence the future energy demands depending upon their nature and are currently not accounted for in the projections; and behavioural change savings require continued effort and innovation to ensure their continued delivery. Ensuring staff and student buy-in is key to their delivery. The proposed measures to ensure this are described in section 7.6.
6.4 Benefits and savings – quantified and unquantified The successful implementation of the carbon reduction projects described in section 5.1 will result, by 2019/20 in annual savings of £11.5 million as shown in appendix C.
As well as quantified benefits there are additional benefits which cannot be measured in terms of reduced emissions or cost savings. These are:
enhanced reputation for the University; improved building comfort for staff and students; and reduced exposure to volatility in energy costs.
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7. Embedding Carbon Management
Appendix D contains the carbon management embedding matrix. The highlighted entries summarise the current status of the University for each area in relation to carbon management. This plan aims to improve the rating in each area as follows:
Area Current status Anticipated status by Sections detailing how end of plan this is achieved
Policy 4 5 7.3
Organisation 3 to 4 5 7.1, 7.3, 7.6
Information and data 3 to 4 5 4, 7.1, 7.2
Communication and 4 5 7.6 training
Finance 4 5 6
Monitoring and 4 to 5 5 7.1 evaluation
7.1 Governors sign-off , reporting and delivery of the plan The Carbon Challenge Group is the newly formed body within the University which will ensure the successful implementation of this carbon management plan. Under the Chairmanship of Professor Tim Jones, the Group will meet quarterly.
The remit of the Carbon Challenge Group is to monitor the University’s carbon emissions and ensure that they reduce as planned and recommend the necessary remedial actions if they do not. They will make recommendations to achieve this which will be passed to the University’s Building Committee for approval and through ultimately to Council (the University’s Governing body) who will formally sign off the University’s approval of this plan. The Group will consider carbon reduction projects, and agree their prioritization and scheduling. It will then recommend them for funding through the appropriate routes.
7.2 Data management The Estates Office already maintains records on utility use and the fleet. The University is developing a remote monitoring system and, to raise awareness, will publicise the data collected. Just under 50% of all of electricity supplies and just over 62% of all of gas supplies are viewable online together with an estimate of the CO2e emissions for these supplies. This information will allow improved analysis of building energy consumption by staff and students, as well as by Estates Office staff.
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7.3 Corporate strategy and Policy alignment The University of Warwick is firmly committed to delivering all aspects of sustainability. The University Strategy (Vision 2015) commits Warwick to becoming a "living demonstration of the principles of environmental sustainability".
In May 2007, the University developed its Environmental Targets against which to effectively measure its environmental performance. The Environment & Amenities' Committee reviews and updates the Environmental Policy and targets on an annual basis. The University’s Environmental Policy already has carbon reduction embedded into it. The targets cover areas including awareness, energy use, carbon reduction and green transport. The Environmental Policy is also supported by an Energy Policy which sets specific aims and objectives for improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions.
At the time of publication of this implementation plan, the University Strategy was subject to review and refresh. The revised strategy will make explicit reference to the requirement to reduce carbon emissions by over 50% by 2020.
7.4 Curriculum and research links The University already has integrated carbon reduction, energy management and sustainability into its wide variety of curricula, for example through the Warwick Business School Global Energy MBA and optional undergraduate module in Business Ethics.
There is scope for further inclusion of sustainability and carbon reduction into curriculum development.
There are a range of research projects across the University which address carbon reduction: Science City Energy Efficiency Project: This involves capital investment in research infrastructure relating to the development and demonstration of energy efficient technologies. The new facilities and equipment can be accessed by any interested academics and businesses. The investment aims to develop and promote a regional hub for academic and industrial expertise in energy efficiency and demand reduction as part of the Government’s mission to achieve a strong knowledge-based economy. Low Carbon Society Initiative: This is a cross-faculty group, focusing upon the development and deployment of new technology, the establishment of national and international political frameworks, the use of economic instruments, and behavioural change. Nuclear fusion power: The Department of Physics is working together with UKAEA Culham on a new centre of excellence in fusion plasma physics. The project will develop the understanding of hot plasmas required to sustain nuclear fusion. Renewable Energy: The School of Engineering has expertise in renewable energy sources (wind, water, hydrogen), heat transfer and energy efficiency while the Warwick Manufacturing Group specialises in the development of fuel cells and energy efficiency in transportation, including novel technologies and hybrid drive trains. Warwick Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources (WISER): WISER provides a forum for the development and pursuit of energy-related multidisciplinary research, development, demonstration and deployment activities. It incorporates research staff from across the University. Including on electric and hybrid vehicles, biofuels and materials for energy storage. Centre for the study of globalisation and regionalization runs a series of climate change policy seminars. Energy Policy: Within Warwick Business School there are a variety of research interests around energy policy, sustainable development, climate change and economic regulation. 30
Warwick Manufacturing Group’s International Automotive Research Centre is researching using locally-produced materials, such as agricultural crops, industrial waste and substances such as supermarket vegetable oils as the basis for fuels, composites and plastics, with the main emphasis on applications within the automotive industry. The Water & Environmental Resources Research Group undertakes engineering design for developing countries, (animal traction, water/ wind power), low cost transport, appropriate technology. The School of Life Sciences offers numerous undergraduate modules, postgraduate courses and research opportunities around climate change mitigation and adaptation.
7.5 Succession planning for key roles Ensuring continuity of action is essential for successful implementation of this carbon management plan. The chair of the Carbon Challenge Group will be responsible for ensuring that replacement members are appointed in a timely manner to its committee.
The Director of Estates will ensure that succession planning for key staff (Environment, Energy and Transport Managers) is undertaken and that they are fully conversant with this Carbon Management Plan.
7.6 Behavioural change The University has already undertaken a range of programmes designed to promote behavioural change. Many of these are led by the Environment/Transport/Energy Managers working together with staff and students. The current measures include:
High profile digital displays of energy use; Energy monitor loan scheme; Switch It Off Week; Departmental energy saving competition; Warwick Footprint campaign; Energy Saving Week; Campaign to reduce the baseload energy consumption on Christmas Day; Student Switch Off in residences; Sustainability advice available upon the Environment section of the website; Environmental E-Bulletin published twice a year; and Measures to promote sustainable travel.
New methods to engage staff and students will be developed on an ongoing basis throughout the period of this carbon management plan. In particular it will be necessary to develop targeted awareness campaigns to engage key groups such as cleaners and laboratory users on the specific working practice changes that they can make.
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8. Conclusion
Through implementing the measures described in this carbon management plan the University of Warwick aims to play its part in taking action to mitigate the effects of climate change. The University will reduce significantly its scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions (by 60% by 2020/21 compared to its 2005/6 baseline) in order to match current Government targets. It will further work to produce a scope 3 carbon footprint and develop plans to also reduce emissions from these sources.
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Appendices
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Appendix A: University Submission to EMS for 2005-06
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Appendix B: Carbon Reduction Projects
1. Building improvement to reduce heat consumption These measures install additional insulation, improve air tightness in building and install heat recovery from ventilation to ensure good air quality. The Estates Department will lead in their implementation.
Ref Site Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project status cost (£) savings period saving (£) (years) (tonnes) 10009 Physical Space Heating-General 0 1,662 0.0 13 Identified Sciences 10011 Physical Ventilation—Adjust BMS Time 0 316 0.0 2 Identified Sciences Schedules for Extract Systems 10013 Physics Space Heating-General 0 17,431 0.0 139 Identified 10003 IMC (200 Seat CO2 Control to 200 Seat Lecture Hall 4,909 1,713 2.9 12 Planned Lecture Hall) Ventilation System 10002 Humanities - Variable speed drives to ventilation 9,000 2,821 3.2 19 Identified lecture theatres fan motors 10015 Library Heating New TRV's and Temperature Controls 25,614 6,984 3.7 56 Commissioned Reduction 10031 Library Heating New TRV's and Temperature Controls 25,614 6,984 3.7 56 Commissioned Reduction 10030 Westwood Boiler burner firing management 6,491 1,760 3.7 14 Planned system 10008 Westwood Heating - discrete controls 5,000 1,348 3.7 11 Identified Music 10029 Wellesbourne Upgrade 50 year old controls on 7,142 1,873 3.8 14 Planned Canteen BMS canteen building Upgrade 10027 SALIX Loft Tocil, Claycroft, Jack Martin, Cryfield, 100,517 22,186 4.5 176 Commissioned Insulation Scarman, Radcliffe, Arden/Felden, Project 2009 Westwood A-D, Social Studies, Institute of Education 10025 "NIFES 20" Pipework / Plantroom Insulation 15,125 3,113 4.9 25 Authorised Plantroom Insulation 10028 University Solar film across 53 bays, on 256 13,954 2,799 5.0 7 Commissioned House Solar windows Film 10004 IARC Heating - discrete controls 12,000 2,384 5.0 19 Identified 10005 Siences block C Replace non TRV's by TRV's on floors 11,850 2,184 5.4 17 Identified 2 to 5 for 50% of radiators 10007 Benefactors Loft insulation 8,000 1,317 6.1 10 Identified 10006 Physics Variable speed drives to ventilation 9,000 1,406 6.4 10 Identified fan motors 10024 Replace Biotech Replace oversize "bottlewash" boiler 9,562 1,453 6.6 12 Planned Bottlewash with smaller Boiler 10014 Physics Install Variable Speed Drives to 6 10,500 1,406 7.5 10 Identified systems 10016 Physics Install Double Glazing 189,000 10,476 18.0 83 Identified 10026 "NIFES 20" Building Envelope Insulation 910,500 23,292 39.1 185 Identified Envelope Insulation 10012 Physical Install Double Glazing 41,550 997 41.7 8 Identified Sciences 10001 60's blocks Insulation, cladding and new 6,948,522 158,892 43.7 1,263 Feasibility insulation windows 10010 Physical Space Heating— Provide Zoning and 75,000 1,425 52.6 11 Identified Sciences replace radiators Total 8,363,850 276,223 30.3 2,170
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2. IT Services reduction of electricity consumption These measures ensure that there is sufficient power management and energy efficient computers/peripherals. The use of air conditioning in all data centres is also discontinued. The implementation is split between the IT and Estates Departments.
Ref Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project status cost (£) savings period saving (£) (years) (tonnes) 20001 Switch off computers 29,900 15,681 1.9 140 Feasibility 20004 Virtualisation of Servers 257,000 75,517 3.4 517 Commissioned 20003 Terminal servers to replace desktop computers 600,000 52,900 11.3 362 Identified 20002 Implement time switches on all printers and copy machines 15,000 - 0 Feasibility Total 901,900 144,098 6.3 1,020
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3. Lighting reduction of electricity consumption Electricity consumption in reduced for lighting by: replacing existing lamps by new technology and LED lighting; implementing better controls and timers; and maximizing the use of daylight and reducing the use of artificial lighting. The lead in implementation is the Estates Department.
Ref Site Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project cost (£) savings period saving status (£) (years) (tonnes) Gd floor computer 30022 room implement discrete controls 250 212 1.2 1 Identified 30031 A016 lathe workshop implement discrete controls 250 165 1.5 1 Identified A008 Thermo tank 30018 workshop implement discrete controls 250 154 1.6 1 Identified 30017 A115 General lab implement discrete controls 250 148 1.7 1 Identified Social Studies Replace 50 watts dichroics by 30041 Dichroics Replacement 4watts LED 2,600 1,525 1.7 10 Planned 30009 Heronbank Lighting - discrete controls 25,000 12,304 2.0 84 Identified Student Union 30049 Dichroics Rep. Complete re-fit 11,771 4,628 2.5 33 Identified Lighting - discrete controls and 30008 Arthur Vick residences upgrade 28,000 9,672 2.9 66 Identified 30007 Rootes residences Lighting - discrete controls 40,000 11,328 3.5 78 Identified All "back of house" 30001 areas Switch to LED 683,350 187,654 3.6 1,286 Planned Residence Communal Area Lighting 30004 All campus Improvements 683,350 187,654 3.6 1,286 Identified 30013 A015 workshop office implement discrete controls 1,200 274 4.4 0 Identified Physics ground floor 30011 workshop implement discrete controls 1,375 290 4.7 2 Identified Car Park 7 Lighting 30044 Controls implement discrete controls 42,089 8,828 4.8 60 Planned Daylight and PIR Sensors to existing 24 hour Lighting in Lakeside 30054 Lakeside 5 Stairwells 5,900 1,181 5.0 8 Identified Car park 15 lighting Change to T5 with integral controls 30002 controls and dimming 40,000 7,837 5.1 54 Feasibility Car park 8 lighting Change to T5 with integral controls 30003 controls and dimming 40,000 7,837 5.1 54 Identified Ground floor 30014 computer room 16D implement discrete controls 900 141 6.4 0 Identified 30010 Physics Lighting - discrete controls 7,025 1,047 6.7 7 Identified Lighting –19 lighting control 30029 Physics projects 7,025 1,047 6.7 7 Identified Teaching and Seminar Rooms Assume lesser payback due to 30005 All campus reduced hours of usage 683,350 93,827 7.3 643 Identified 30015 A103 Office implement discrete controls 500 67 7.5 0 Identified 30016 A104 office implement discrete controls 500 67 7.5 0 Identified 30012 A201 implement discrete controls 1,250 157 8.0 1 Identified 30026 A206 implement discrete controls 3,125 392 8.0 3 Identified 30027 A202 implement discrete controls 3,125 392 8.0 3 Identified 30028 Physical Sciences Lighting –8 lighting control projects 2,900 359 8.1 2 Identified 30023 B508 implement discrete controls 200 24 8.5 0 Identified T5 lighting including changing the 30021 Physical Sciences fitting 2,100 204 10.3 1 Identified lighting controls in corridors/ 30006 Claycroft landings 66,222 5,344 12.4 37 Identified Replace T12 + add discrete controls 30020 CLL in corridors + toilets + print room 5,267 312 16.9 2 Identified 30019 Humanities implement discrete controls 5,567 250 22.3 2 Identified Total 2,394,691 545,317 4.4 3,736
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4. Cooling changes to reduce heat and electricity consumption Heat and electricity consumption is reduced by implementation of “free cooling” technologies and maximizing the use of absorption cooling from CHP. The lead in implementation is the Estates Department.
Ref Site Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project cost (£) savings period saving status (£) (years) (tonnes) Evaporative cooling in 2 computer suites in Evaporative 40003 Ground floor Library cooling 12,050 14,735 0.8 101 Planned Evaporative cooling in IT services coms Evaporative 40004 room physical sciences cooling 16,106 14,735 1.1 101 Planned Evaporative cooling in IT services comms Evaporative 40005 room F block engineering cooling 16,106 14,735 1.1 101 Planned Evaporative cooling in Medical school Evaporative 40007 comms room cooling 16,106 14,735 1.1 101 Identified Evaporative cooling in Univerisity House Evaporative 40001 data centre (SEELS) cooling 53,971 29,470 1.8 202 Planned Evaporative cooling in Art centres AHU Evaporative 40008 (Mead gallery + cinema) cooling 14,130 6,953 2.0 48 Identified Evaporative cooling in IT services coms Evaporative 40002 room (SEELS) cooling 16,106 7,887 2.0 54 Planned Evaporative 40015 Argent Court Data Centre cooling 150,000 63,150 2.4 433 Feasibility Evaporative 40006 Evaporative cooling in C115 bioSiences cooling 5,677 1,764 3.2 12 Identified Absorption 40011 Physics Cooling 80,000 20,186 4.0 48 Identified District cooling - Maths to computer Absorption 40016 Sciences Cooling 100,000 21,160 4.7 145 Planned Absorption 40018 Millburn Cooling 80,000 15,462 5.2 106 Identified Absorption 40017 Physical Sciences data centre Cooling 254,408 48,056 5.3 329 Identified Absorption 40013 IARC Cooling 50,000 8,661 5.8 59 Identified Evaporative cooling in BioTech D124 and Evaporative 40009 D108 cooling 18,866 3,246 5.8 22 Identified
Absorption 40014 IMC Cooling 100,000 16,973 5.9 116 Identified Absorption 40012 University House Cooling 80,000 10,521 7.6 72 Identified Total
1,063,525 312,431 3.4 2,050
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5. Behaviour changes in academic and non academic areas to reduce utilities demand To achieve this it will be necessary to engage and empower staff and students. A key part will be making departments responsible for their emissions. Policies will be adapted to allow less air conditioning and less heating. It is planned that targets will be issued and the results monitored through the proposed Energy Challenge Group who will lead in implementing these measures together with the Estates Department.
Ref Site Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project cost (£) savings period saving status (£) (years) (tonnes) 50005 All sites raise awareness to electricity consumption reducing 30,000 219,279 0.0 1,503 Identified electrical consumption by 5% 50002 All sites Reduce non residential temperature by 1degC on 3,000 141,775 0.0 1127 Planned BMS. Assume saving is 7% per degree as per benchmark documentation. total heat used on campus is 87,000 MWh per annum 50001 All sites Cancel water cooler (each around 1- 5,000 4,291 1.2 29 Identified 1.5Kwh/24hours. Option 1 = switch off at night, weekends and holidays, option 2 = cancel and leave room temperature only. Also save on maintenance costs for disinfection 50003 C block Change time setting to cancel 24/7 heating. 100,000 5,096 19.6 40 Identified general Implement set back overnight + week end. Saving may not be 218913 but less depending of the acceptable set back + slope. Total 138,000 370,442 0.4 2,699
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6. “Low carbon” energy generation Achievement of these measures will require a new CHP energy centre to deliver “low carbon” heat and electricity to the campus as well as the installation of other supporting renewable energy sources. The Estates Department will lead in these projects.
Ref Site Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project cost (£) savings (£) period saving status (years) (tonnes) 60005 Cryfield Biomass CHP: Biomass Stage 14,000,000 3,481,369 4.0 16,629 Feasibility energy centre 60004 Cryfield Biomass CHP: Gas Stage 4,231,000 951,916 4.4 5,549* Feasibility energy centre 60001 Lakeside Thermal Store 120,000 18,624 6.4 148 Identified 60002 Tocil Thermal Store 100,000 15,132 6.6 120 Identified
60003 Tocil Thermal Store 100,000 15,132 6.6 120 Identified
60006 Solar PV Solar PV 5,000,000 464,493 10.8 716 Identified
60007 Solar PV Solar PV 191,542 8,199 23.4 11 Identified
Total 23,742,542 4,954,865 4.8 17,745
*Phase 1 CHP savings have been removed from total to avoid double counting.
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7. Estates Modifications to reduce Utilities Demand & Cost These measures aim to improve the fume cupboard, heating, electricity supply infrastructure. The lead in implementation is the Estates Department.
Ref Site Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project status cost (£) savings period saving (£) (years) (tonnes) 70029 CHP Optimisation 12,000 131,183 0.1 1,598 Identified 70005 Campus-wide Vending machines 500 4,291 0.1 29 Identified 70041 District Heating Connection District Heating 22,982 24,761 0.9 197 Commissioned to Heronbank 70042 University House Solar Control 12,925 11,677 1.1 80 Commissioned 70036 Rootes Kitchen Ventilation Variable Speed Drives 9,999 8,441 1.2 58 Commissioned Control 70032 Sports Centre Variable Speed Drives 6,000 3,473 1.7 24 Identified 70003 Physics Voltage Optimisation 15,000 7,210 2.1 49 Identified 70037 Radcliffe and Scarman Variable Speed Drives 23,626 11,051 2.1 76 Commissioned Kitchen Ventilation Control 70018 Physics Voltage Optimisation 18,075 7,210 2.5 49 Identified 70035 EAT restaurant connection to District Heating 103,451 37,040 2.8 294 Commissioned District Heating 70039 Sports Centre Connection to District Heating 54,194 19,379 2.8 159 Commissioned District Heating 70026 IMC Voltage Optimisation 47,198 12,849 3.7 88 Authorised 70027 Gibbet Hill Voltage Optimisation 27,715 7,053 3.9 48 Identified 70008 District extension to Rootes District Heating 186,000 42,409 4.4 337 Identified Social 70010 District heating - Rootes District Heating 186,000 42,409 4.4 337 Feasibility residences A-C D-H 70040 IMC Air Compressor Upgrade Variable Speed Drives 10,318 2,280 4.5 16 Commissioned 70025 Science F Voltage Optimisation 9,038 1,936 4.7 13 Identified 70020 Science A Voltage Optimisation 12,050 2,578 4.7 18 Identified 70044 Low Energy Freezer Bio Efficient Freezers 1,250 249 5.0 2 Identified Sciences 70038 Student Union Connection to District Heating 102,934 18,847 5.5 100 Commissioned District Heating 70021 Science B Voltage Optimisation 9,038 1,547 5.8 11 Identified 70002 Physical Sciences Voltage Optimisation 7,500 1,191 6.3 8 Identified 70019 Arts Centre Voltage Optimisation 18,075 2,779 6.5 19 Identified 70017 Physical Sciences Voltage Optimisation 9,038 1,191 7.6 8 Identified 70023 Science D Voltage Optimisation 6,025 745 8.1 5 Identified 70006 Fume cabinets Fume Cabinets 1,000,000 100,000 10.0 795 Identified 70024 Science E Voltage Optimisation 6,025 553 10.9 4 Identified 70011 Millburn District Heating 150,000 13,031 11.5 104 Identified 70022 Science C Voltage Optimisation 6,025 467 12.9 3 Identified 70031 Computer Science District Heating - 1,599 Identified
Total 2,065,479 517,831 4.0 6,128
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8. Fleet These measures aim to reduce the fuel consumption or mileage of the University’s fleet. The lead in implementation is the Estates Department.
Ref Project Project Annual Payback CO2e Project cost (£) savings period saving status (£) (years) (tonnes) Replacement of 5 transit vans with electric vehicles (as part of Fleet1 Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme) 90,000 18,000 5.0 10 Identified Fleet 2 Removal of 12 minibuses from fleet 0 0 24 Identified Fleet 3 Review carbon emission limits for company cars and reduce them 2,000 0 Identified Run an eco-driver training programme trial for higher mileage Fleet 4 drivers 2,000 0 Identified Fleet 5 Vehicle emission links to be included in contract hire tender 6,000 0 Identified Total 100,000 18,000 5.6 34
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Appendix C: Planned project phasing, estimated investment costs and projected savings
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Financial Year 2010 2011 2012 Starting Gen. 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% InflationFuel 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% Discounted Inflation Annual Saving Estimate Investment Saving Investment Saving Investment Saving Investment Works Project Type forming 95% of the Duration Project £ £ tCO £ £ tCO £ £ tCO £ £ tCO investment plan Estimate Start 2 2 2 2 (yrs) 1 Evaporative Cooling 1 2010 335,224 171,411 1,175 335,224 0 0 0 196,249 1,175 0 209,986 1,175 2 Absorption Cooling 3 2011 744,408 141,020 876 0 0 0 255,580 0 0 271,145 57,585 292 3 Lighting Controls 5 2010 1,708,920 351,307 2,405 341,784 0 0 352,037 80,442 481 373,477 172,146 962 4 LED Lighting 3 2010 697,721 193,807 1,329 232,574 0 0 239,551 73,963 443 254,140 158,281 886 5 Voltage Optimisation 4 2010 215,836 57,106 391 53,959 0 0 55,578 16,345 98 58,962 34,979 196 6 Thermal Store (Lakeside / Tocil) 2 2011 320,000 48,888 389 0 0 0 164,800 0 0 174,836 0 0 7 District Heating 2 2010 522,000 197,876 3,127 261,000 0 0 268,830 113,274 1,563 0 242,407 3,127 8 Variable Speed Drives 2 2010 39,409 32,591 223 19,705 0 0 20,296 18,657 112 0 39,926 223 9 Building Fabric Upgrade 6 2013 8,097,572 194,975 1,549 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Phase 1: Gas Fired 2 2011 4,231,000 951,916 5,549 0 0 0 2,178,965 0 0 2,311,664 0 0 Biomass CHP 11 Phase 2: Bio Fired 3 2014 14,000,000 3,481,369 16,629 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Solar PV 1 2011 5,191,542 472,692 727 0 0 0 5,347,288 0 0 0 579,069 727 13 Energy Saving ICT 3 2011 644,900 144,098 1,020 0 0 0 221,416 0 0 234,900 58,842 340 14 Heating Controls 2 2010 145,483 191,223 1,518 72,741 0 0 74,924 109,465 759 0 234,256 1,518 15 CHP Optimisation 2 2010 12,000 131,183 1,598 6,000 0 0 6,180 75,096 799 0 160,705 1,598 16 Behaviour Campaign 5 2010 30,000 219,279 1,503 6,000 0 0 6,180 50,211 301 6,556 107,451 601 Total Totals: 36,936,013 1,328,986 0 0 9,191,624 733,702 5,730 3,685,680 2,055,632 11,645
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2013 2014 2015 2016
3.50% 3.50% 3.50% 3.50% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% Investment Saving Investment Saving Investment Saving Investment Saving
£ £ tCO2 £ £ tCO2 £ £ tCO2 £ £ tCO2
1 0 223,635 1,175 0 238,172 1,175 0 253,653 1,175 0 270,140 1,175 2 280,635 122,656 584 0 195,943 876 0 208,680 876 0 222,244 876 3 386,548 275,004 1,443 400,077 390,505 1,924 0 519,860 2,405 0 553,651 2,405 4 0 252,854 1,329 0 269,289 1,329 0 286,793 1,329 0 305,435 1,329 5 61,026 55,878 293 0 79,347 391 0 84,505 391 0 89,998 391 6 0 63,783 389 0 67,929 389 0 72,344 389 0 77,046 389 7 0 258,163 3,127 0 274,944 3,127 0 292,815 3,127 0 311,848 3,127 8 0 42,521 223 0 45,285 223 0 48,228 223 0 51,363 223 9 1,526,355 0 0 1,579,778 45,152 258 1,635,070 96,174 516 1,692,297 153,638 775 10 0 1,241,937 5,549 0 1,322,663 5,549 0 1,408,636 5,549 0 1,500,197 5,549 11 0 0 0 5,462,597 0 0 5,653,788 0 0 5,851,670 0 0 12 0 616,708 727 0 656,794 727 0 699,486 727 0 744,952 727 13 243,121 125,333 680 0 200,220 1,020 0 213,234 1,020 0 227,095 1,020 14 0 249,483 1,518 0 265,699 1,518 0 282,970 1,518 0 301,363 1,518 15 0 171,151 1,598 0 182,275 1,598 0 194,123 1,598 0 206,741 1,598 16 6,786 171,652 902 7,023 243,746 1,202 0 324,487 1,503 0 345,579 1,503 Total 2,504,472 3,870,759 19,537 7,449,475 4,477,964 21,306 7,288,858 4,985,988 22,346 7,543,968 5,361,290 22,604
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2017 2018 2019
3.50% 3.50% 3.50% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% Investment Saving Investment Saving Investment Saving
£ £ tCO2 £ £ tCO2 £ £ tCO2
1 0 287,699 1,175 0 306,400 1,175 0 326,316 1,175 2 0 236,690 876 0 252,075 876 0 268,460 876 3 0 589,639 2,405 0 627,965 2,405 0 668,783 2,405 4 0 325,288 1,329 0 346,432 1,329 0 368,950 1,329 5 0 95,848 391 0 102,078 391 0 108,713 391 6 0 82,054 389 0 87,388 389 0 93,068 389 7 0 332,118 3,127 0 353,706 3,127 0 376,697 3,127 8 0 54,702 223 0 58,257 223 0 62,044 223 9 1,751,528 218,166 1,033 1,812,831 290,433 1,291 0 371,173 1,549 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 5,843,182 16,629 0 6,222,989 16,629 0 6,627,483 16,629 12 0 793,374 727 0 844,944 727 0 899,865 727 13 0 241,856 1,020 0 257,577 1,020 0 274,319 1,020 14 0 320,951 1,518 0 341,813 1,518 0 364,031 1,518 15 0 220,180 1,598 0 234,491 1,598 0 249,733 1,598 16 0 368,042 1,503 0 391,964 1,503 0 417,442 1,503 Total 1,751,528 10,009,787 33,942 1,812,831 10,718,510 34,201 0 11,477,075 34,459
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Appendix D: Carbon Management Matrix – Embedding. Current status highlighted. POLICY ORGANISATION INFORMATION AND DATA COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING FINANCE MONITORING & EVALUATION
5 Specific sustainability / Accountabilities for sustainability CO2e emissions compiled for all Formalised communication and Use of innovative external Management Review of climate change policy with /climate change defined at main HEI sources for a baseline training plan for all staff on carbon funding mechanisms for carbon management process targets signed off and senior level year and regular collation of and energy related matters, carbon related projects. by senior management. implemented. Sustainability / climate change annual emissions data. including integration in induction Regular reviews by core team and other normal training responsibilities integrated into Development of internal on progress with carbon Action plan with clear goals responsibilities of relevant Data externally verified. processes. financing mechanisms, e.g. management. and regular reviews to people in different departments, Communication on carbon and self sustaining fund, confirm actions undertaken e.g. Teaching, Finance, Estates energy related matters with the specifically for carbon and targets achieved/being academic and student body and related projects progressed. other key business partners
4 Specific sustainability / Sustainability / climate change CO2e emissions compiled for all Formalised communication and Strategic plan for developing Regular reviews on progress climate change policy with responsibilities integrated into main HEI sources for a baseline training plan for all staff on carbon internal financing with carbon management targets developed and responsibilities of relevant year (i.e. buildings, transport and energy related matters, mechanisms and obtaining (e.g. review of actions, check signed off, but not people in different departments, and commuting, etc. including integration in induction funds from external sources against emissions profile and implemented e.g. Teaching, Finance, Estates and other training, and awareness targets, addition of new raising opportunities etc.) Data internally reviewed.
3 Sustainability / Climate Sustainability / climate change/ CO2e emissions data compiled Ad hoc communication and training Some internal financing on Ad hoc assessment of all change included in wider carbon management is part-time for some sources for a baseline delivered to all staff/students on an ad hoc basis for carbon aspects of carbon/energy policy documents responsibility of moderate year (e.g. buildings) and source carbon and energy related matters and/or energy efficiency policies/strategies, targets ranking personnel, e.g. Energy data available for other related projects and action plans Manager, sources (e.g. transport) Review conducted on Sustainability/Environment applicable external funding Officer sources
2 Sustainability / Climate Sustainability / climate No CO2e emissions data Communication and training to Some internal financing on Ad hoc reviews of specific change as an aspiration in change/carbon management is compiled for any sources but specific groups in the HEI (e.g. an ad hoc basis for carbon aspects of carbon/energy non-policy documents part-time responsibility of low energy data compiled on a environment team) on and/or energy efficiency policies/strategies, targets ranking personnel regular basis carbon/energy related matters related projects and action plans
1 No sustainability / climate No individual with responsibility No CO2e emissions data No communication or training to No internal financing or No monitoring of change policy or strategy for sustainability / climate compiled for any sources and staff/students on carbon or energy funding for carbon and/or carbon/energy and no mention of climate change issues energy data not compiled on a related matters energy efficiency related policies/strategies, targets change in policy/strategy regular basis projects and action plans documents
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