A State Mosquito Surveillance Program for New Jersey

NEW JERSEY STATE MOSQUITO CONTROL COMMISSION

A STATE MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM FOR NEW JERSEY

FINAL WEEKLY REPORT FOR 2003 – SPECIES SUMMARIES

Prepared by: Lisa Reed and Wayne Crans Mosquito Research & Control Department of Entomology 180 Jones Avenue New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8536 Tel 732/932-9341 Fax 732/932-9257 E-mail [email protected] NEW JERSEY STATE SURVEILLANCE Final Weekly Report for 2003 Including data for Week 44, ending 31October. Submitted by Lisa Reed and Wayne Crans Mosquito Research and Control Unit Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Figure 1a: Map of ten regions selected for Figure 1b. Trap lat-long locations. Purpose: Data from 84 New Jersey light the New Jersey Surveillance Program traps contributed by county mosquito overlaid with county boarders. control agencies are used to calculate trends in mosquito populations for species of nuisance or health concerns.

Calculations are based on regional distributions, with emphasis on mosquito habitat and land use. Trends will allow a statewide evaluation of changing mosquito populations, in response to control and/or changes in habitat. This is New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station publication No. PT-40500-44-03 supported by Hatch funds and funding from the NJ State Mosquito Control Commission. Prepared by Lisa M. Reed and Wayne J. Crans. Summary table

Aedes vexans Culex complex Coquillettidia perturbans Ochlerotatus sollicitans

Region This Week Average* This Week Average* This Week Average* This Week Average* Agricultural 0.24 0.36 0.33 1.34 0.00 0.00 0.04

Coastal 1.86 0.05 1.05 0.85 0.00 0.05 0.05 Delaware 0.00 1.19 0.00 0.02 Bayshore Delaware 0.14 0.55 0.43 2.41 0.00 0.00 0.09 River Basin New York 0.00 0.02 0.46 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 Metro North 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Central Rural Northwest 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Rural Philadelphia 0.37 0.31 0.00 0.00 Metro Pinelands 0.43 0.00 0.38 0.10 0.00 0.00 Suburban 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.00 0.00 Corridor

 Complete data not yet available. Please Note: Historical data is being entered and not yet complete. These values and graphics will change as more data is entered. The State Surveillance Program Overview

This program relies on the cooperation and effort of county mosquito control agencies. These agencies use New Jersey light traps to monitor certain nuisance and health-risk mosquito species. Agencies have many years worth of experience in the placement, use, and interpretation of light traps and their data as monitoring mosquito populations is an essential part of an integrated pest management approach. But county agencies are limited to county data, and a landscape-wide view of changing mosquito trends is not available. The purpose of this program is to cover that gap and provide information of nuisance and health-risk mosquito populations on a regional level.

Although 83 traps are involved in the state surveillance system, one trap did not go into effect the entire year. We expect this trap will go online next year and will participate. Most agencies provided data in a timely matter. However, we found that most agencies were at times pressed to get the data to Headlee Labs. Therefore, interpretation of the data is more robust at the previous weeks’ report than during the current week. This is not a consideration if people are aware that care must be taken with the interpretation of the most current week’s data.

This year’s data showed that 41 species of mosquitoes were caught in the light traps throughout New Jersey. As represented by more than 316,000 mosquitoes Ranges in the number of mosquitoes trapped per region vary from as few as 19 in the Northwest Rural to as high as 36 in the Suburban region. This likely represents the variability in the habitats (less in the Northwest regions, more in the Suburban region) as well as the number of traps in the region.

Region Number of Traps Number of Species Agricultural 6 31 Coastal 9 33 Delaware Bayshore 6 21 Delaware River Basin 4 22 New York Metro 10 26 North Central Rural 8 22 Northwestern Rural 6 19 Philadelphia Metro 6 24 Pinelands 11 31 Suburban 17 36 Total 83 41

Historical data was entered for 6 counties, as represented, when available, by solid red lines.

Mosquito Species Collected during the 2003 Season

The mosquitoes collected in county operated light traps belong to a series of very different life cycle types: Early Season Species, Fresh Floodwater Species, Salt Marsh Floodwater Species, Multivoltine Culex Species, Multivotine Anopheles Species, Container Breeding Aedines and a Miscellaneous Group. Each of these mosquito life cycle types has a seasonal distribution that reflects a biological strategy.

Early Season Species: Members that belong to this group overwinter as eggs and have a single generation in early spring. The eggs hatch when water temperatures are still quite cold and the adults are usually on the wing during the month of May. In most species, the eggs laid in May and June enter diapause and do not hatch until they are flooded the following year. Some of the members in this group have a generation that reappears in the fall. Most biologists feel that these are eggs that did not hatch during the spring flooding and were left behind as survival insurance. Mosquito species collected in light traps that belong to this group include: Oc. stimulans, Oc. canadensis, Oc. sticticus & Oc. cinereus.

Fresh Floodwater Species: Members of this group also overwinter as eggs but do not hatch until later in the season when water temperatures rise to ideal levels. These mosquitoes have multiple generations during the summer months that are regulated by flooding patterns. Each period of excessive rainfall produces a major brood. Minor floodings can generate overlapping broods that are usually localized. Mosquito species collected in light traps that belong to this group include: Ae. vexans, Oc. trivttatus, Ps. ferox, Ps. columbiae, Ps. ciliata

Salt Marsh Floodwater Species: Members that belong to this group overwinter as eggs but lay them on tidal marshes where lunar tides provide a method to inundate the eggs. There are multiple generations during the summer months with as many as 2 broods each month from May to October. Rainfall can produce egg hatch which complicates the picture. As a result, the distinct broods seen in fresh floodwater areas become muddled and biting populations can include mosquitoes of mixed age. Mosquito species collected in light traps that belong to this group include: Oc. sollicitans & Oc. cantator.

Multivoltine Culex Species: Members that belong to this group overwinter as mated females so the season distribution is very different from any of those listed above. Populations in early spring are represented by mosquitoes that survived the winter and the numbers are at relatively low levels. These mosquitoes cannot become active until night time temperatures enter the 60’s, thus host seeking and oviposition is delayed until late May or June. The first generation of larvae take time to develop and populations do not build until mid-summer a t the earliest. As soon as night time temperatures begin to cool down, the mosquitoes mate, seek winter hibernaculae, enter diapause and hibernate. Only the females survive in this group. Males will not appear until the eggs hatch very late the following spring. Mosquito species collected in light traps that belong to this group include: The Culex Complex, Cx. territans & Cx. erraticus.

Multivoltine Anopheles Species: Members that belong to this group have a life cycle strategy that is very similar to the Multivoltine Culex. They overwinter as mated females and build their populations over the course of the summer. They are included as a separate group because they represent an entire genus. Mosquito species collected in light traps that belong to this group include: An. quadrimaculatus, An. punctipennis& An. bradleyi..

Container Breeding Aedines: These mosquitoes glue their eggs to the sides of containers above the water line and rely on rains to raise the water level and hatch the eggs. Like other Aedines, they overwinter as eggs and reappear each Spring when water temperatures begin to rise. Most members of the group are active during the day and are enter light traps in very low numbers. Mosquito species collected in light traps that belong to this group include: Oc. triseriatus & Oc. japonicus.

Miscellaneous Group: The members in this group have little in common because each utilizes a unique life cycle strategy. The mosquito species collected in light traps that we have included in the group include: Cq. perturbans, Cs. melanura & Ur. sapphirina Ochlerotatus stimulans - Early Season Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus stimulans Ochlerotatus stimulans Ochlerotatus stimulans Ochlerotatus stimulans e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s 4.00 s 4.00 s 4.00 s 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 n 1.00 1.00 1.00 n n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Ochlerotatus stimulans Ochlerotatus stimulans Ochlerotatus stimulans Ochlerotatus stimulans e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s 4.00 s 4.00 4.00 s 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Oc. stimulans is a snowpool species that reaches greatest numbers in Ochlerotatus stimulans Ochlerotatus stimulans the northern counties of the state. The mosquito is univoltine but is very e e 5.00 5.00

s long lived. Data from the Northwestern Rural Region, where the species s

s s 4.00 4.00 occurs in greatest numbers show that the mosquito appeared in light trap e e o o t t i i collections in early May and persisted through the month of August. The

u 3.00

u 3.00 q q s s

o late season population increase that Oc. stimulans demonstrated this o 2.00 2.00 m m

year is atypical and warrants further investigation. Fewer numbers were 1.00 1.00 n n a a e

e evident in the Suburban Corridor Region but the seasonal curve is more

M 0.00 M 0.00 typical. 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Ochlerotatus canadensis - Early Season Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus canadensis Ochlerotatus canadensis Ochlerotatus canadensis Ochlerotatus canadensis e e e 10.00 10.00 10.00 e s s 10.00 s s

± ± ±

8.00 8.00 8.00 s e

e 8.00 e e o o o t o t t i i i t i

u 6.00 u 6.00 u 6.00

u 6.00 q q q q s s s s o o o

4.00 4.00 4.00 o

m 4.00 m m

2.00 2.00 n n 2.00 n 2.00 a n a a e a e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00

M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Ochlerotatus canadensis Ochlerotatus canadensis Ochlerotatus canadensis Ochlerotatus canadensis e e e 10.00 10.00 10.00 e 10.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s 8.00 8.00 8.00 s 8.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u u 6.00 6.00 u 6.00 u 6.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 4.00 4.00 4.00 o 4.00 m m m m

# # # #

n 2.00

2.00 n n 2.00 n a a a a e e e e M M M 0.00 0.00 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Oc. canadensis is New Jersey’s most common univoltine mosquito. The Ochlerotatus canadensis Ochlerotatus canadensis species has an extended generation in early spring and occasionally re- e

e 10.00 10.00 s appears late in the season. The late season appearance of this species

s 8.00 s

8.00 e probably comes from eggs that failed to hatch in the Spring. The mosquito is e o t o i t i

u 6.00 not attracted to light, thus, light trap collections are not a good indicator of

u 6.00 q q s s o 4.00 actual numbers. This year’s State Surveillance data show that nuisance o

4.00 m

# levels were present from mid-May through early July with highest populations

2.00 n

2.00 a n e a

e in the Pine Barrens Region. The species did re-appear in low numbers

M 0.00

M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 during August and September but this year’s fall populations appear to be Week Week quite low. Ochlerotatus sticticus - Early Season Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus sticticus Ochlerotatus sticticus Ochlerotatus sticticus Ochlerotatus sticticus e e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 n n 1.00 n

n 1.00 a a a a e e e e M M 0.00 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Ochlerotatus sticticus Ochlerotatus sticticus Ochlerotatus sticticus Ochlerotatus sticticus e e e e 5.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

6.00 s s s s 4.00 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o 5.00 o o t t t t i i i i u u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 4.00 q q q q s s s s o 3.00 o o o 2.00 c 2.00 2.00 m m m m

2.00 # # #

n 1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n 1.00 a a a a e e e e 0.00 M M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Oc. sticticus is an early season floodwater mosquito that often re-appears Ochlerotatus sticticus Ochlerotatus sticticus in the fall. The mosquito is a severe biter and a major pest along many of

e 5.00 e 5.00 the floodplains in the state. State surveillance light trap records indicate s s

s 4.00 s 4.00 that the extended rains we experienced in June produced a major brood in e e o o t t i i several areas that peaked in early July. Light trap records from the

u 3.00

u 3.00 q q s s

o Northwestern Rural Region show that the species re-appeared in lesser 2.00 o 2.00 m m

numbers during the latter part of August. 1.00 n 1.00 n a a e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Aedes cinereus - Early Season Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Aedes cinereus Aedes cinereus Aedes cinereus Aedes cinereus e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 n n n 1.00 n a a a a e e e e

Aedes cinereus Aedes cinereus Aedes cinereus Aedes cinereus e e e 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s 4.00 4.00 s 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 n n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Ae. cinereus is an irritating early season species that sometimes re- Aedes cinereus Aedes cinereus appears in the fall. The mosquito utilizes a variety of larval habitats but is e 5.00 e 5.00 most common in swamps and bogs before they become heavily s s

s 4.00 s 4.00 vegetated. The population curve for the Northwest Rural Region is typical e e o o t t i i with early and late season peaks. The same curve is repeated in the

u 3.00 u 3.00 q q s s Suburban Corridor Region but the numbers are smaller making the peaks o 2.00 o 2.00 m m

# less evident. #

1.00 n 1.00 n a a e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Aedes vexans - Fresh Floodwater Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Aedes vexans Aedes vexans Aedes vexans Aedes vexans e e 100.00 e 100.00 100.00 e 175.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

150.00 s s s s e e e 75.00 75.00 75.00 e o o o

o 125.00 t t t t i i i i u u u u 100.00 q q q q

s 50.00 s 50.00 s

s 50.00 o o o

o 75.00 m m m

# 50.00 #

# 25.00 25.00

25.00 n n n a a

a 25.00 a e e e e M M 0.00 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Aedes vexans Aedes vexans Aedes vexans Aedes vexans e e e

e 175.00 100.00

100.00 100.00 s s s

± ± ±

150.00

s s s s e e

e 75.00 e

75.00 75.00 o o 125.00 o t o t i t t i i i u u u

u 100.00 q q q s q 50.00 s s s 50.00 50.00 o

o 75.00 o o m

# 25.00

# # n 25.00 25.00 n a n n

a 25.00 e a a e e e M 0.00

M 0.00 M M 0.00 0.00 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

Aedes vexans Aedes vexans Ae. vexans is the model for the fresh floodwater mosquito life cycle type with repeating broods that are driven by rainfall. Most of the regions monitored by this e 100.00 e 100.00

s s program experienced 2 major broods of Ae. vexans in 2003 with intermittent minor

s s emergences from localized rains. An extended period of rain during the month of e e 75.00 75.00 o o t t i i

u June produced nuisance levels that persisted for nearly a full month in many u q q

s 50.00 s 50.00 o o areas of the state. The Northwest Rural Region had the highest population levels m m

st # #

25.00 25.00 with over 100 mosquitoes per trap night during the 1 two weeks of July. The n n a a e e Delaware River Basin Region had populations nearly as high generated primarily M M 0.00 0.00 nd 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 from dredge spoil habitat. The 2 major brood of Ae. vexans appeared in late Week Week August, exacerbated, in part, by Hurricane Isabel. Populations were again highest in the Northwest Rural Region but the Agricultural Region showed an exceptional peak that went well above the long term average for that time of year. Ochlerotatus trivitattus - Fresh Floodwater Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus trivittatus Ochlerotatus trivittatus Ochlerotatus trivittatus Ochlerotatus trivittatus e e e 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 n 1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

Ochlerotatus trivittatus Ochlerotatus trivittatus Ochlerotatus trivittatus Ochlerotatus trivittatus e e 5.00 e 5.00 150.00 e 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 90.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o 2.00 o 2.00 60.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 30.00 n 1.00 n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 0.00 M

M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

Ochlerotatus trivittatus Ochlerotatus trivittatus Oc. trivittatus is a fresh floodwater species that is limited to the northern half of the state. The species utilizes woodland pools as breeding habitat e 5.00 e 5.00 s s but does not appear until the trees leaf out and the pools are shaded.

s 4.00 s 4.00 Major rain events produce successive broods during the summer months e e o o t t i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 that can cause considerable nuisance. The species has a life cycle that is q q s s o 2.00 o 2.00 very similar to that of Ae. vexans and showed a similar population curve m m

1.00 to that species with 2 broods associated with the 2 main rain events. The n 1.00 n a a e e Northwestern Rural Region typically has the largest populations which

M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 peaked at nearly 150 mosquitoes per trap night during the month of Week Week August. Psorophora ferox - Fresh Floodwater Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Psorophora ferox Psorophora ferox Psorophora ferox Psorophora ferox e e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 n n n n a a a a e e e e

Psorophora ferox Psorophora ferox Psorophora ferox Psorophora ferox e e 5.00 e 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s 4.00 s 4.00 s 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o 2.00 o 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 n 1.00 1.00 1.00 n n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Ps. ferox is a fresh floodwater species that prefers shaded woodland Psorophora ferox Psorophora ferox pools and, therefore, often shares habitat with Oc. trivittatus. The species e 5.00 e 5.00 was not abundant in 2003 but appeared in low numbers in several regions s s

s 4.00 s 4.00 after this year’s major rain events. The Northwest Rural Region had the e e o o t t i i highest numbers but the species has a statewide distribution. Combining

u 3.00 u 3.00 q q s s Oc. trivittatus with Ps. ferox causes nuisance levels that demand control. o 2.00 o 2.00 m m

1.00 n 1.00 n a a e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Psorophora columbiae – Fresh Floodwater Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Psorophora columbiae Psorophora columbiae Psorophora columbiae Psorophora columbiae e e e e 20.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 12.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o 8.00 o 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

4.00 1.00 n

n 1.00 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

0.00 M M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Psorophora columbiae Psorophora columbiae Psorophora columbiae Psorophora columbiae e 5.00 e 5.00 e 5.00 e 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o 2.00 o 2.00 o 2.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 n 1.00 1.00 1.00 n n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Ps. columbiae is a fresh floodwater species that does not normally hatch Psorophora columbiae Psorophora columbiae in numbers until ambient temperatures reach 80o F. The species utilizes e e 5.00 5.00 a variety of floodwater habitats in open areas exposed to the sun and is s s

s s 4.00 4.00 often found with Ae. vexans. Ps. columbiae took advantage of the same e e o o t t i i rain events as other floodwater species but showed a somewhat different

u 3.00 u 3.00 q q s s population curve. Egg hatch was minimal during the early season o o 2.00 2.00 m m

# # because ambient temperatures were probably less than ideal. The

1.00 1.00 n n a a e e second brood was considerably larger, particularly in the Agricultural M M 0.00 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Region where open pools exposed to direct sun are most common. Week Week Psorophora ciliata - Fresh Floodwater Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Psorophora ciliata Psorophora ciliata Psorophora ciliata Psorophora ciliata e e 5.00 e 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

# # # # 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 n n n n a a a a e e e e

Psorophora ciliata Psorophora ciliata Psorophora ciliata Psorophora ciliata e e e 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s 4.00 s 4.00 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Ps. ciliata is a fresh floodwater species that is predacious in the larval Psorophora ciliata Psorophora ciliata stage. The species is usually found with Ae. vexans and Ps. columbiae e 5.00 e 5.00

s in open areas but occasionally invades shaded pools. The larva is more s

s 4.00 s 4.00 than 5 times the size of other floodwater mosquitoes and functions as a e e o o t t i i biological control agent. Unfortunately, the exceptionally large adult is a

u 3.00

u 3.00 q q s s

o blood feeder that can inflict a painful bite. Ps. ciliate reached highest 2.00 o 2.00 m m

numbers in the Agricultural Region where is preferred larval habit is most 1.00 n 1.00 n a a e e common. It took advantage of the 2 major rain events but also fit in one

M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 extra generation very late in the season. Week Week Ochlerotatus sollicitans - Salt Marsh Floodwater Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus sollicitans Ochlerotatus sollicitans Ochlerotatus sollicitans Ochlerotatus sollicitans e e e 20.00 e 150.00 20.00 150.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s 125.00 s

s 125.00 16.00 s 16.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t

100.00 i 100.00 i i i

u 12.00 u

u 12.00 u q q q q

75.00 s 75.00 s s s o o o o 8.00 8.00 m m

m 50.00 50.00

4.00 n n

4.00 n 25.00 n 25.00 a a a a e e e e

0.00 M 0.00 0.00 M M M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Ochlerotatus sollicitans Ochlerotatus sollicitans Ochlerotatus sollicitans Ochlerotatus sollicitans e e e

20.00 e

s 20.00 s 20.00 20.00

s 16.00 16.00 s e e 16.00 s 16.00 e o e o t t o i i o t t i u u 12.00 i 12.00

u 12.00 q q

u 12.00 s s q q o s o 8.00 s 8.00 o o m 8.00 m

8.00 m # # m

4.00 # n

n 4.00 #

a 4.00 a n 4.00 n e e a a e M 0.00 M 0.00 e

M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 M 0.00 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Oc. sollicitans is the model for salt marsh floodwater species with bi- Ochlerotatus sollicitans Ochlerotatus sollicitans weekly broods in coastal areas that are generated by lunar tides. Only e e

s 20.00 s 20.00 2 regions of the state (Coastal & Delaware Bayshore) are directly

s s 16.00 impacted by this species but the mosquito can cause minor nuisance

16.00 e e o o t t i i when its migratory habits temporarily introduce it to inland areas. The

u 12.00 u 12.00 q q s

s Atlantic Coastal Region had overlapping broods from early June o o 8.00 8.00 m m

through late September with populations that exceeded 50 mosquitoes #

4.00 4.00 n n a per trap night in late July and again in late August. The Delaware a e e 0.00 0.00 M M Bayshore Region showed a similar seasonal pattern with peak 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 nuisance in early June and early July. Week Week Ochlerotatus cantator - Salt Marsh Floodwater Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus cantator Ochlerotatus cantator Ochlerotatus cantator Ochlerotatus cantator e e e 150.00 150.00 150.00 e 150.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s 125.00 s 125.00 125.00 125.00 s s e e e e o o o o t t t t

i 100.00 i 100.00 100.00 100.00 i i u u u u q q q q

s 75.00 s 75.00 75.00

s 75.00 s o o o o m m m

50.00 m 50.00 50.00

# # # #

n n n 25.00 25.00 25.00 n 25.00 a a a a e e e e M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Ochlerotatus cantator Ochlerotatus cantator Ochlerotatus cantator Ochlerotatus cantator e e e 150.00 e 150.00 150.00 150.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

125.00 s s 125.00 125.00

125.00 s s e e e e o o o o t t t

t 100.00 i

i 100.00 100.00 100.00 i i u u u u q q q q 75.00 s

s 75.00 75.00 75.00 s s o o o o m m 50.00 m

50.00 50.00 50.00

n n 25.00 n 25.00 n 25.00 25.00 a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

Ochlerotatus cantator Ochlerotatus cantator Oc. cantator is a salt marsh mosquito that reaches highest numbers during the early part of the season. This year’s State Surveillance data show a e e 150.00 150.00 s s

clear picture of the species’ typical seasonal distribution appearing in late ± ±

125.00 125.00 s s e e April and phasing out in early July. Nuisance from Oc. cantator was o o t t 100.00 100.00 i i u u greatest in the Delaware Bayshore Region where light trap collections q q 75.00 75.00 s s nd o o reached 125 mosquitoes per trap night during the 2 week of June. The m

m 50.00 50.00

n n 25.00 25.00 early season distribution of this mosquito is underscored by the population a a e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 curves in the 6 other regions where breeding habitat was available. 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Culex Complex - Multivoltine Culex Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Culex Mix Culex Mix Culex Mix Culex Mix e e e 150.00 150.00 e 150.00

200.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

175.00 125.00 125.00 s

s 125.00 s s e e e e 150.00 o o o o t t t

t 100.00 100.00 i i

i 100.00 i

125.00 u u u u q q q q 75.00 75.00 s

s 100.00

s 75.00 s o o o o 75.00 m m m

m 50.00 50.00

# # # #

n n n 25.00 n 25.00

25.00 a a a a 25.00 e e e e

M 0.00 M

M 0.00 0.00 0.00 M 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Culex Mix Culex Mix Culex Mix Culex Mix e e e e 150.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

125.00 125.00 125.00 s 125.00 s s s e e e e o o o o t t t

t 100.00 100.00 100.00 i 100.00 i i i u u u u q q q q 75.00 75.00

75.00 s s 75.00 s s o o o o m m m 50.00

m 50.00

50.00 50.00

n n n 25.00 n 25.00 25.00 a a 25.00 a a e e e e M M M 0.00 0.00 0.00

M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

Culex Mix Culex Mix The Culex Complex is composed of Cx. pipiens, Cx. restuans and Cx. salinarius, 3 distinct mosquito species that are difficult to separate after

e 150.00 e 150.00

s s passing through light traps. Culex populations generally build in numbers as

± ± 125.00 125.00 s s the season progresses reaching peak populations during the month of August e e o o

t 100.00 t 100.00 i i

u u followed a steady decline as the adult mosquitoes begin entering their winter q 75.00 q 75.00 s s

o o hibernaculae. The general trend for this group is well depicted in the

m 50.00 m 50.00

# # historical data for the Agricultural Region. This year’s rainfall patterns n 25.00 n 25.00 a a e e produced a very different population pattern for Culex in most geographic M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 regions of the state. Excessive rains during the month of June produced Week Week extensive breeding habitat and a population surge not unlike the brooded floodwater species. Culex populations showed a steady decline from that point on in the season in most of the regions monitored by this program. Culex in the Delaware Bay Region showed an atypical late season surge, most likely the result of Cx. salinarius habitat created by t late season rains. Culex territans - Multivoltine Culex Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Culex territans Culex territans Culex territans Culex territans e e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 m m m

1.00 1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Culex territans Culex territans Culex territans Culex territans e e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 s

5.00 s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s 4.00 4.00 4.00 e

4.00 e e e o o o o t t t i t i i i u u 3.00 3.00 u 3.00

u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 m m m

1.00 n 1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00

M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Cx. territans is a frog feeding species that is recognized primarily as a Culex territans Culex territans scientific curiosity. The unique banding patterns found on this mosquito e e 5.00 5.00 allow it to be reliably separated from other members of the Culex complex. s s

s s 4.00 4.00 The mosquito appears earlier in the season than any other mosquito that e e o o t t i i overwinters as an adult. The species remains on the wing well into the Fall

u 3.00 u 3.00 q q s s and larvae can be collected well into the month of October. State light trap o o 2.00 2.00 m m

# records give a good depiction of the seasonal distribution with collections

1.00 1.00 n n a a

e that begin in May and extend through the month of October. Populations e

M 0.00 M 0.00 were highest in the Pine Barrens Region where both breeding habitat and 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 pond dwelling frog populations are readily available. Week Week Culex erraticus - Multivoltine Culex Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Culex erraticus Culex erraticus Culex erraticus Culex erraticus e e e 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 n 1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

Culex erraticus Culex erraticus Culex erraticus Culex erraticus e e e 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 n n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Cx. erraticus is a mosquito species that is regarded as rare. The adult Culex erraticus Culex erraticus was collected in New Jersey 1970 and the larvae were not located until e e 5.00 5.00 1988. The mosquito sometimes appears in resting box collections but not s s

s s 4.00 4.00 until very late in the season and from relatively few areas in the state. e e o o t t i i Like Cx. territans, this mosquito has diagnostic characters that allow it to u u 3.00 3.00 q q s s be easily separated from other members of the Culex complex. This o o 2.00 2.00 m m

# # year’s State Surveillance data indicate that the species is quite

1.00 1.00 n n a a

e widespread. Although numbers are low, light traps detected Cx. erraticus e M M 0.00 0.00 in the Agricultural, Delaware River Basin, Philadelphia Metro, Pinelands 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week and Suburban Corridor Regions. The data also show an unexpected seasonal data. Cx. erraticus began entering light traps in early spring and was collected well into October. Anopheles quadrimaculatus - Multivoltine Anopheles Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles quadrimaculatus e e e 10.00 e 10.00 5.00

s 5.00 s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s 8.00 s 8.00 4.00

e 4.00 e e e o o o o t t t i t i i i

u 6.00

u 3.00 u 6.00

u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o 4.00 o o 2.00 4.00 2.00 m m m

# 2.00

n 2.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n a a a e a e e 0.00 e M

0.00 M M 0.00

M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles quadrimaculatus e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 3.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 n n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00

M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles quadrimaculatus An. quadrimaculatus overwinters as an adult female and gradually builds in numbers as the season progresses. The mosquito is considered the e 5.00 e 5.00 s s model for a multivoltine Culex/Anopheles life cycle. This years’ State

s 4.00 s 4.00 e

e Surveillance database shows a typical trend for that life cycle type in most o o t t i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 of the regions in the state. Population levels of An. quadrimacularus q q s s o 2.00 o 2.00 remained below 1 mosquito per trap night in most regions all year. m m

1.00 Populations in the Delaware Bayshore and Delaware River Basin Regions n 1.00 n a a e e were the highest ranging between 3 and 6 mosquitoes per trap night at M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 their peak. Week Week Anopheles punctipennis - Multivoltine Anopheles Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles punctipennis e e e 5.00 5.00 20.00 e s

s 5.00 s s

± ± ± ±

s s s 4.00 4.00 16.00 s e 4.00 e e e o o o o t t t i t i i i

u 3.00

u 3.00 u 12.00

u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o

2.00 2.00 8.00 o

m 2.00 m m

1.00 1.00 n 4.00 n n 1.00 a n a a e a e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00

0.00 M

M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles punctipennis e e e 5.00 5.00 e 5.00

s 20.00 s s s

± ± ± ±

4.00 4.00 s 4.00

e 16.00 e e e o o o o t t t i t i i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00

u 12.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 o 8.00 2.00 m m m

1.00 n 1.00 1.00 n 4.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M M 0.00 0.00 0.00 M 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments An. punctipennis, like most species that overwinter as adults, Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles punctipennis progressively builds in numbers as the season progresses and tapers off e e 5.00 5.00 as the species begins preparations for entering hibernaculae. That trend s s

s s 4.00 4.00 was depicted in most of the regions monitored by this program in 2003. e e o o t t i i Populations of An. punctipennis in the Northwestern Rural Region appear u u 3.00 3.00 q q s s to reflect available breeding habit rather than the normal population curve. o 2.00 o 2.00 m m

# # In that region, the mosquito reached largest population levels after each of

1.00 1.00 n n a a e e the year’s major rain events. M M 0.00 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Anopheles bradleyi - Multivoltine Anopheles Species Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles bradleyi e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 e

s s 5.00 s s

± ± ± ±

s s s 4.00 4.00 4.00 s

e 4.00 e e e o o o o t t t i i t i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00

u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 m m m

1.00 1.00 n n

n 1.00 1.00 n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00

M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles bradleyi e e 5.00 e 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s 4.00 s 4.00 s 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 n n n n a a a a e e e e

Anopheles bradleyi Anopheles bradleyi An. bradleyi is a salt marsh anopheline that reaches highest numbers in coastal areas where brackish water impoundments supply ideal breeding e 5.00 e 5.00 s s habitat. The species is cryptic with An. crucians, a freshwater species that

s 4.00 s 4.00 cannot be separated in the adult stage by morphological characteristics. e e o o t t i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 The species reached highest population levels in coastal areas of the state q q s s o 2.00 o 2.00 where classic brackish water breeding habitat is abundant. The An. m m

1.00 bradleyi from inland areas of the Agricultural, and Pinelands Regions n 1.00 n a a e e probably include An. crucians. M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Ochlerotatus triseriatus - Container Breeding Aedines Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus e e e 3.00 e 3.00 3.00 3.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s e e e e o o o o t t t 2.00 t i 2.00 i 2.00 i 2.00 i u u u u q q q q s s s s o o o o m m m

1.00 m

1.00 1.00 1.00

# # # #

n n n n a a a a e e e e M

0.00 M M M 0.00 0.00 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Ochlerotatus triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus e e e 3.00 3.00 e s s 3.00 3.00 s s

± ± ±

s s s s e e e e o o t o o t 2.00 i

i 2.00 t 2.00 t i i 2.00 u u u u q q q q s s s s o o o o m m 1.00 1.00

m 1.00 m #

1.00 #

n a n n a e a a e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Oc. triseriatus is a treehole species that is not readily attracted to light. Like Ochlerotatus triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus most natural container breeders, Oc. triseriatus readily accepts discarded e e 3.00 3.00

s tires and other leaf-lined artificial containers as breeding habitat. The s

s s appearance of Oc. triseratus in light trap collections is often an indication e e o o t

t 2.00 2.00 i i that local breeding habitat is nearby. The low numbers in the State u u q q s s

o Surveillance database severely under-estimate this mosquito’s importance o

m 1.00 m 1.00

# as a nuisance species. Although the mosquito does not fly far from its

n n a a e

e breeding habitat, it feeds readily on individuals that enter its domain.

M 0.00

M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Ochlerotatus japonicus - Container Breeding Aedines Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Ochlerotatus japonicus Ochlerotatus japonicus Ochlerotatus japonicus Ochlerotatus japonicus e e e 1.00 1.00 e 1.00 1.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s e e e 0.75 0.75 e 0.75 0.75 o o o o t t t t i i i i u u u u q q q q 0.50 0.50 s 0.50 s s 0.50 s o o o o m m m m

# # # # 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 n n n n a a a a e e e e M M 0.00 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Ochlerotatus japonicus Ochlerotatus japonicus Ochlerotatus japonicus Ochlerotatus japonicus e e e e 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s e e e e 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 o o o o t t t t i i i i u u u u q q q q 0.50 0.50 s 0.50 s 0.50 s s o o o o m m m

# 0.25 0.25

0.25 n n n n a a a a e e e e M M 0.00 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

Ochlerotatus japonicus Ochlerotatus japonicus Oc. japonicus is a recently introduced mosquito that breeds in a variety of container habitats. Like Oc. triseratus, the mosquito does not readily enter e 1.00 e 1.00 s s light traps. Oc. japonicus is a cold hardy species that is on the wing as early

s s 0.80 as April and as late as November. State Surveillance light trap collections e 0.75 e o o t t i i u

u 0.60 are well under 1 mosquito per trap night for the entire season, emphasizing q 0.50 q s s o o 0.40 the mosquito’s unwillingness to enter traps. The species appears to be m m

0.25 most numerous in the Agricultural, Pinelands and Suburban Corridor

n 0.20 n a a e e Regions. The apparent population peaks in light trap records are probably M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 not reliable because they represent increases of about ¼ mosquito per trap Week Week night. Coquillettidia perturbans - Miscellaneous Group Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans e e e e 20.00

20.00 s 20.00

20.00 s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s e e e e 15.00 15.00 15.00

15.00 o o o o t t t i t i i i u u u u q q q

q 10.00 s

s 10.00

s 10.00 o o o o m m m m

# 5.00 #

5.00 5.00

5.00 n n n n a a a e a e e e

M 0.00 M M 0.00 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans e e e e 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s e e e 15.00 15.00 e 15.00 15.00 o o o o t t t i t i i i u u u u q q q q

s 10.00

s 10.00 10.00 10.00 s s o o o o m m

# # 5.00

5.00 5.00 5.00 n n n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 M 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Cq. perturbans is a species that shows up to 3 population peaks during the Coquillettidia perturbans Coquillettidia perturbans summer months as adults emerge from larvae that overwintered in three e 20.00 e 125.00 s

s separate instars. Data from this year’s State Mosquito Surveillance Program

s s 100.00 show only 2 population peaks for areas of the state where Cq. perturbans are e 15.00 e o o t t i i

u numerous. The June emergence was, by far, the largest indicating that the

u 75.00 q 10.00 q s th s o o 50.00 species overwintered primarily as 4 instar larvae in most areas of the state. m m

# # 5.00

Populations were highest in the Suburban Corridor Region reaching nearly 75

n 25.00 n a a e

e mosquitoes per trap night. A minor emergence occurred during the month of

M 0.00 0.00 M 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 August in some regions from larvae that overwintered in earlier instars. The Week Week late season emergence is most evident in the Delaware Bayshore Region but remained under 5 mosquitoes per trap night at its peak. Culiseta melanura - Miscellaneous Group Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura e e e e 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s s 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i u u 3.00 u 3.00 3.00

u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o o 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n n a a a a e e e e M M 0.00 M 0.00 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura e e 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 e 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 3.00 u u 3.00 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 n n 1.00 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

M 0.00 M 0.00 M M 0.00 0.00 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura is a mosquito that reaches highest numbers in the southern half of the state where Atlantic White Cedar swamps provide e e 6.00 5.00 s s ideal acid water breeding habitat for the species. State Surveillance light

5.00 s s 4.00

e trap data show that the species was most common in the Atlantic Coastal, e o o t t 4.00 i i u u 3.00 Delaware River Basin, Philadelphia Metro and Pinelands Regions this q q 3.00 s s o o 2.00 year. Culiseta melanura is a cold heady species with a very broad m m 2.00

nd # #

1.00 season range. The species appeared in light traps as early as the 2 n n 1.00 a a e e week of May and persisted well into October.

M 0.00 M 0.00 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Uranotaenia sapphirina - Miscellaneous Group Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

Uranotaenia sapphirina Uranotaenia sapphirina Uranotaenia sapphirina Uranotaenia sapphirina e e e 5.00 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

u 3.00 u 3.00

u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 n 1.00 n n 1.00 n a a a a e e e e

Uranotaenia sapphirina Uranotaenia sapphirina Uranotaenia sapphirina Uranotaenia sapphirina e e e 5.00 e 5.00 5.00 5.00 s s s s

± ± ± ±

s s s 4.00 s 4.00 4.00 4.00 e e e e o o o o t t t t i i i i

u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 u 3.00 q q q q s s s s o o o 2.00 o 2.00 2.00 2.00 m m m m

# # # #

1.00 1.00 1.00 n n 1.00 n n a a a a e e e e

Uranotaenia sapphirina Uranotaenia sapphirina Ur. sapphirina is a non-pest species with a statewide distribution. The species reaches highest population levels during the months of July and e 8.00 e 8.00 s s August of most years. The mosquito possesses metallic blue scales and

s s is regarded primarily as a scientific curiosity. This year’s State e 6.00 e 6.00 o o t t i i Surveillance data set indicates that populations peaked in early u u q 4.00 q 4.00 s s o o September in most regions. m m

# 2.00 # 2.00

n n a a e 0.00 e M 0.00 M 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week