Life Science Study Guide-Chapters 1&2

Life Science Study Guide-Chapters 1 1. Know how to label a plant and an animal cell.

2. What is the function of the cell membrane, the mitochondrion, the ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the cell wall, the vacuole, the golgi body, the nucleus, the lysosome, the chloroplast, and the cytoplasm? Cell membrane regulates what goes in and out of the cell. The mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles where most of the energy is produced. The ribosomes produce proteins in the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum carries materials from one part of the cell to another. The cell wall is found in the plant cell and is made of cellulose. Things like water can pass through the cell wall. It supports the cell and protects it. The vacuole stores water, food, waste products, and other materials. The golgi body receives materials from the ER and sends them to other parts of the cell. The nucleus directs all of the cell’s activities. The lysosome breaks down food particles and worn out cell parts. The chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight. They use it to produce food. They are in the plant cell. The cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid in which the cell parts or organelles float in. 3. What are two plant cell parts that are not found in the animal cell? Chloroplasts and the cell wall 4. How are the cell wall and the cell membrane different? The same? The cell wall supports the cell and is flexible, yet tough. The cell wall and the cell membrane both protect and let things in and out of the cell. 5. What four things do all organisms need to stay alive? Energy, water, living space, and stable internal conditions 6. What are the six characteristics of all living things? Cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, grow and develop, respond to their and phosphates & know which nitrogen surroundings, and reproduce. 7. What is an autotroph? An organism that makes its own food. 8. What is a heterotroph? An organism that cannot make its own food. 9. What is homeostasis? The process by which an organisms internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment. 10. What does the cell theory state? All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 11. What is a prokaryote? An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures, bacteria cell. 12. What is a eukaryote? An organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell structures. Skin cells. 13. What is a controlled experiment? An experiment in which all of the variables except for one remain the same. 14. What is a manipulated variable? The one factor that a scientist changes to test a hypothesis during an experiment (independent variable) 15. What is an organism? A living thing. 16. What is multicellular? A type of organism that is made up of many cells. 17. What is unicellular? A type of organism that is made up of a single cell. 18. What is a cell? The basic unit of structure and function in living things. 19. What is magnification? The ability to make things look larger than they are. 20. What is resolution? The ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object. 21. Know how to label the microscope and tell the function of each part. Use your microscope you drew to help you study.

Objective lens:

Low power to high power: magnifies it 4X, 10 X, or 40 X. Stage: Supports the slide being used. Diaphragm: Controls the amount of light passing through the opening of the stage. Light: Reflects light up through Base: Supports the microscope. Eyepiece: Contains a lens that magnifies about 10X. Arm: Supports the body tube. Fine Adjustment knob: Moves the body tube for focusing with the high power objective lens. Coarse Adjustment knob: Moves the body tube for focusing with the low power objective lens.