Open Access Metrics HARNAD, Stevan

Open Access Metrics HARNAD, Stevan 1. Research Contributions over the Last Six Years (2003-2009) REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES R* Harnad 09 Open Access Scientometrics and the UK Research Assessment Exercise. Scientomet. 79 (1) R* Carr, Harnad 09 Offloading Cognition onto the Web IEEE Intelligent Systems 24(6) R Harnad 08 Why and How the Problem of the Evolution of Universal Grammar (UG) is Hard. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31: 524-525 R* Harnad 08 Brody, Vallieres, Carr, Hitchcock, Gingras, Oppenheim, Hajjem, Hilf The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access: An Update. Serials Review 34: 36-40. R* Harnad 08 Self-Archiving, Metrics and Mandates. Science Editor 31(2), 57-59. R* Harnad 08 Validating Research Performance Metrics Against Peer Rankings. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 8 (11) http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/15619/ R* Harnad 07 Ethics of Open Access to Biomedical Research: Just a Special Case of Ethics of Open Access to Research. Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine, 2 (31). R* Brody, Carr, Gingras, Hajjem, Swan Harnad 07 Incentivizing the Open Access Research Web: Publication-Archiving, Data-Archiving and Scientometrics. CTWatch Quarterly 3 (3). R Dror, Harnad 06 Distributed Cognition: Cognizing, Autonomy and the Turing Test. Pragmatics & Cognition 14. R* Harnad 06 Fast-Forward on the Green Road to Open Access: The Case Against Mixing Up Green and Gold. Ariadne 42 http://www.nii.ac.jp/metadata/irp/harnad42/ R* Brody, Carr, Harnad 06 Earlier Web Usage Statistics as Predictors of Later Citation Impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) 57 (8) 1060-1072. R Hajjem, Gingras, Harnad 05 Ten-Year Cross-Disciplinary Comparison of the Growth of Open Access and How it Increases Research Citation Impact. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 28(4) 39-47. R Harnad 05 Distributed Processes, Distributed Cognizers and Collaborative Cognition. Pragmatics & Cognition 13(3) 501-514. R Brody Harnad 04 Comparing the Impact of Open Access (OA) vs. Non-OA Articles in the Same Journals, D-Lib Magazine 10 (6) June. R Harnad 04 Brody, Vallieres, Carr, Hitchcock, Gingras, Oppenheim, Stamerjohanns, Hilf The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access. Nature Web Focus. http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate/21.html R Harnad 03 Can a Machine Be Conscious? How? Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (4-5): 69-75. BOOK CHAPTERS * Dror, Harnad 09 Offloading Cognition onto Cognitive Technology. In Dror & Harnad eds Cognition Distributed: How Cognitive Technology Extends Our Minds. Benjamins * Harnad 09 The PostGutenberg Open Access Journal. In Cope Phillips eds. Future of the Academic Journal. Chandos. Harnad 08 The Annotation Game: On Turing (1950) on Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence. In Epstein Roberts Beber eds Parsing the Turing Test Springer Harnad 07 Creativity: Method or Magic? In: Cohen Stemmer eds Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments of Mind and Brain Amsterdam: Elsevier 127-137 Harnad 07 Spare Me the Complements: An Immoderate Proposal for Eliminating the "We/They" Category Boundary. In: Vilarroya & Forn eds Social Brain Matters Rodopi Harnad 07 Evan. In: Vilarroya & Forn Eds Social Brain Matters Rodopi * Harnad 07 The Green Road to Open Access: A Leveraged Transition. In Gacs ed The Culture of Periodicals from the Perspective of the Electronic Age. L'Harmattan. 99-106. * Harnad 06 Maximizing Research Impact Through Institutional and National Open-Access Self- Archiving Mandates. Jeffery ed Proceedings of CRIS2006. Current Research Information Systems: Open Access Institutional Repositories, Bergen, Norway15-27

6 Open Access Metrics HARNAD, Stevan Harnad 09 Cohabitation: Computation at 70, Cognition at 20, in Dedrick ed Computation, Cognition, and Pylyshyn. MIT Press * Harnad 06 Opening Access by Overcoming Zeno's Paralysis In Jacobs ed Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects. Chandos. Harnad 05 Searle's Chinese Room Argument In Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Macmillan 2: 239-242 * Shadbolt, Brody, Carr, Harnad 06 The Open Research Web: A Preview of the Optimal and the Inevitable, in Jacobs ed Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects. Chandos. Harnad 05 To Cognize is to Categorize: Cognition is Categorization. in Lefebvre Cohen eds Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science. Elsevier. 20-42 Harnad 04 Retour à la tradition orale: écrire dans le ciel à la vitesse de la pensée. Dans: Salaün Vendendorpe Christian dir Le défis de la publication sur le web: hyperlectures, cybertextes et méta- éditions. Presses de l'enssib. 245-268 Harnad 04 The invisible hand of peer review. in Shatz ed Peer Review: A Critical Inquiry. Rowland & Littlefield. 235-242. Harnad 03 Categorical Perception. Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Macmillan Harnad 03 Symbol-Grounding Problem. Encylopedia of Cognitive Science. Macmillan. Harnad 03 Electronic Preprints and Postprints. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science Marcel Dekker Harnad 03 Online Archives for Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications. International Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Feather Sturges eds Routledge. OTHER PUBLICATIONS * Harnad 09 DEBATE: Institutional repository success is dependent upon mandates. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 5(4). * Harnad 09 Integrating Universities' Thesis and Research Deposit Mandates. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Pittsburgh Harnad 09 Concepts: The Very Idea. Canadian Philosophical Association Symposium on Machery on Doing without Concepts. 2009. * Harnad Carr, Swan, Sale, Bosc, 09 Maximizing and Measuring Research Impact Through University and Research-Funder Open-Access Self-Archiving Mandates. Wissenschaftsmanagement 15(4) 36-41 * Harnad 08 Waking OA’s “Slumbering Giant”: The University's Mandate To Mandate Open Access. New Review of Information Networking 14(1): 51 – 68 * Harnad Swan 08 India, Open Access, the Law of Karma and the Golden Rule. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 28 (1). R Blondin-Masse et al, Harnad 08 How Is Meaning Grounded in Dictionary Definitions?, In TextGraphs- 3 Workshop - 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics. R Harnad et al 08 Symbol Grounding, Turing Testing and Robot Talking. RoadMap Workshop on Action and Language Integration, Rome on 22-24 September 2008. R St-Louis et al, Harnad 08 Acquiring the Mental Lexicon Through Sensorimotor Category Learning. In: Sixth Annual Conference on the Mental Lexicon, U. Alberta, Banff Alberta, 7-10 October 2008. R Chicoisne et al, Harnad 08 Grounding Abstract Word Definitions In Prior Concrete Experience. In: Sixth Annual Conference on the Mental Lexicon, U. Alberta, Banff Alberta, 7-10 October 2008. Harnad Scherzer 08 First, Scale Up to the Robotic Turing Test, Then Worry About Feeling. In: Proceedings of Fall Symposium on AI and Consciousness: Theoretical Foundations and Current Approaches AAAI 2007, 9-11 November 2007, Washington, DC, USA. * Harnad Carr, Gingras, 08 Maximizing Research Progress Through Open Access Mandates and Metrics. Liinc em Revista 4(2). * Hajjem, Harnad 07 Citation Advantage For OA Self-Archiving Is Independent of Journal Impact Factor, Article Age, and Number of Co-Authors. Technical Report, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton.

7 Open Access Metrics HARNAD, Stevan * Hajjem, Harnad 07 The Open Access Citation Advantage: Quality Advantage Or Quality Bias?. Technical Report, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton. Harnad 07 From Knowing How To Knowing That: Acquiring Categories By Word of Mouth. Presented at Kaziemierz Naturalized Epistemology Workshop (KNEW), Kaziemierz, Poland, 2 September 2007. * Hajjem, Harnad 06 Manual Evaluation of Robot Performance in Identifying Open Access Articles. Technical Report, Institut des sciences cognitives, Universite du Quebec a Montreal. * Harnad 06 Publish or Perish — Self-Archive to Flourish: The Green Route to Open Access. ERCIM News 64. Harnad 05 Language and the game of life. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28(4) Hajjem, Gingras, Brody, Carr, Harnad 05 Open Access to Research Increases Citation Impact. Technical Report, Institut des sciences cognitives, Universite du Quebec a Montreal. * St-Louis, Giguere, Frak, Harnad 05 The Timing of a Conscious Decision. From Ear to Mouth. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting, Cognitive Science Society. Harnad Brody, 04 Prior evidence that downloads predict citations BMJ Rapid Responses, 6 Sep 2004 Harnad 04 Enrich Impact Measures Through Open Access Analysis. British Medical Journal 329 Harnad Santiago-Delefosse, 04 Maximiser l'impact de la recherche en psychologie au moyen de l'auto- archivage. L'initiative pour l'accès libre aux articles scientifiques. Pratiques Psychologiques 10: 273-82. 2. Other Contributions: Over 100 invited talks and presentations wordwide 2003-2009 (list is online) Talks were on research findings in all aspects of my research language evolution, category learning, symbol grounding, open access, scientometrics. I have increasingly been giving invited keynotes all over the world on the future of research communication and on open-access policy and practice for universities, as well as on scientometrics and research impact evaluation, with a special emphasis on accelerating progress toward universal Open Access to Research 3. Most Significant Career Research Contributions I. Harnad Steklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J. B. (eds.) (1976) Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280. http://www.nyas.org/ The above historic meeting and book re-opened the study of language evolution after a 100-year moratorium, creating a new field and spawning learnèd societies, journals and conferences of its own. UQàM will be marking its 30th anniversary with an international Summer Instituteon the evolution of language in 2010 featuring a remarkable convergence of the world’s leading contributors to the field.

II. Harnad (ed.) (1987) Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition. New York: Cambridge University Press. III. Harnad (1990) The Symbol Grounding Problem. Physica D 42: 335-346. The above two works, both highly used and cited, created a new field, "symbol grounding": experiments and modeling of how the meaning of words is grounded in our sensorimotor interactions with the things they refer to. Symbol grounding was nominated as one of the 100 most important contributions to cognitive science in the 20th century. The acquisition of knowledge is the acquisition of categories: cognition is largely categorization.

IV. Harnad (1995) A Subversive Proposal. In: Ann Okerson & James O'Donnell (Eds.) Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing. Washington, DC., Association of Research Libraries, June 1995. V. Harnad (2001) The Self-Archiving Initiative. Nature 410: 1024-1025 The two above works gave rise to both the worldwide Open Access movement and my current work in Open Access scientometrics. This new direction is a natural outgrowth of my prior work on language evolution and category acquisition, as well as my founding and editing for a quarter century of

8 Open Access Metrics HARNAD, Stevan Behavioral and Brain Sciences, a journal of Open Peer Commentary. The Worldwide Open Access Research Web is our Cognitive Commons, it is where we discover, create and gather all our knowledge, which consists largely of named and nameable categories. When language first evolved, and enabled us to acquire categories by word of mouth, rather than trial and error experience, its benefits to our species were clearly collective and reciprocal: No one would have blocked them with a price-tag or a toll-booth. It is a historical and technological accident that scholarly and scientific research findings are being treated like trade commodities today, but Open Access will change all that. All aspects of my work are focussed on hastening that optimal and inevitable outcome, already long possible and hence long overdue. 4. Contributions to Training Post-doctoral supervision “Victor Frak (2003-4). Dr. Frak did several studies with me on sensorimotor representation Doctoral student supervision : Maria Manuel Borges (ongoing) International survey on researchers’ self-archiving practises. Bernard St-Louis (ongoing) Voluntary Movement and Internal Representations Chawki Hajjem (PhD 2008) Scientometric Analysis of Online Impact and Self-Archiving Elena Koulaguina (2005-2008) Event-Related Potentials and Perceptual and Linguistic Learning Martina Johnson (PhD 2005) Implicit and Explicit Learning of Grammars Tim Brody (PhD 2005) Citation-Linking and Scientometric Analysis of the Physics ArXiv Alexandre Blondin-Massé (ongoing) Symbol Grounding in Dictionary Definition Space Masters’ students: Jerome Lapalme (MA 2008) Event-Related Potentials and Implicit Learning

There are numerous lines of experimental and computational research active in my lab and in my international collaborations, with Open Access scientometrics increasingly becoming a central focus of our research. This is an area in which the current generation of students are very interested and eager to become active. It also provides trainees with transferable skills in research as well as academic and professional life. Students in all fields today are interested in surfing the net: The scientometric tools they learn to create and master through our OA research (such as Citebase and IRstats) are natural extensions of the kinds of things they like to do already; they also help wean students from the all-too- widespread tendency to use web resources indiscriminately, not distinguishing what is sound and reliable from what is merely online and available. OA’s emphasis on peer-reviewed research, and on making it all freely accessible to all is a focus of student training, but so is the development of tools for assessing the importance and impact of online content. Students already know about web links: scholarly citations were the model from which link-analysis was derived. Google’s remarkably effective PageRank algorithm is directly derived from Garfield’s citation analysis. Students are trained also in the statistical and computational skills that are needed not only to navigate the OA web of the future, but to create it, by designing and adapting resources such as Citebase, Celestial, and ROAR that my collaborators and I have been creating in the service of OA. Nor is it just personal navigation of OA space that is undergoing a technological revolution that our students are being trained to help bring about, it is also the evaluation of research performance itself. In planned extensions of the work described in this proposal, we will be developing batteries of new metrics to be tested and validated against peer evaluations of researcher contributions and performance. OA metrics will be increasingly used as an aid in assessing and rewarding research productivity. These will also be increasingly important in time-based scientometric analyses of directions and influences in the Cognitive Commons, for historians, sociologists and philosophers of knowledge and knowledge growth. Trainees will not only be equipped to create tools for communicating navigating, evaluating, data-mining and analyzing online research in the OA era, but in conducting it. Trainees will also have access to the extraordinary international set of collaborators with which we are working in this and related projects.