Religion (Rlgn) 4301

E A S T T E X A S B A P T I S T U N I V E R S I T Y

RELIGION (RLGN) 4301 BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION II: EXEGESIS (Spring 2016; 9:30 TR)

Professor: Rick Johnson, Ph.D. Office: SCRB 206 Phone: (903) 923-2183 Office Hours: MW 11:00-12:00, 1:00-3:00; T 9:00-9:30, 11:00-11:30; 2:00-3:00; R 9:00-9:30, 11:00-11:30; F 11:00-12:00 E-mail: [email protected]

COURSE DESCRIPTION An introduction to the disciplines and methods of biblical interpretation. Attention will be given to grammatical, historical, contextual, and theological principles. Specific application will be made to a study of significant chapters and difficult passages of Scripture in both the Old Testament and the New Testament. Prerequisite: RLGN 3354.

COURSE TEXTBOOKS

Duvall, J. Scott, and J. Daniel Hays. Grasping God’s Word: A Hands-On Approach to Reading, Interpreting, and Applying the Bible. 3rd ed. Forewords by Mark L. Strauss and Kevin Vanhoozer. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012. (DH) ISBN—13: 978-0310-49257-3

Ryken, Leland. How to Read the Bible as Literature. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984. (R) ISBN: 0-310-39021-4

Swartley, Willard M. Slavery, Sabbath, War, and Women. With a foreword by Albert J. Meyer. Scottdale, PA: Herald, 1983. (S) ISBN: 0-8361-3330-7

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

During this semester the successful student will demonstrate the following competencies.

A. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the issues involved in the practice of literary criticism.

B. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the issues involved in various kinds of ideological and methodological criticism.

C. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the issues concerning the location of meaning in a text. D. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the issues concerning the significance of inspiration and the role of the Holy Spirit in interpreting the Bible.

E. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the issues involved in moving from exegesis to developing Old Testament theology, New Testament theology, biblical theology, and systematic theology.

F. The student will demonstrate the ability to analyze and critique works of biblical exegesis.

G. The student will demonstrate the ability to use the tools and disciplines of biblical exegesis to produce a responsible and defensible interpretation of a biblical passage and apply it to contemporary Christian existence.

ASSIGNMENTS

Reading and discussion: Students are expected to be prepared to discuss the assigned sections of the textbooks and passages from the Bible cited in them on the dates given in the course outline. If the professor observes that students are not prepared, he may decide to give daily quizzes, which will count twenty percent of the course grade. Students will also be assigned biblical passages for study in connection with lecture presentations at various times during the semester.

 Written assignments: Students will write an exegesis of a biblical passage chosen in consultation with the professor. The exegesis should demonstrate usage of all of the methodologies learned during the course of the year which are pertinent to the text chosen. It should examine textual criticism, lexicography, literary analysis, historical context, theological and ethical intention, and contribution to biblical and systematic theology. Other disciplines should also be used where appropriate. Students will report their selection of a passage in writing by February 9. A preliminary bibliography must be submitted on February 25. The completed exegesis is due April 14. Papers not submitted at the beginning of class on the due date are late. The penalty for late papers is ten points. Students should submit both printed copies and electronic versions.  Students are asked to complete the on-line evaluation of the course. For completing the survey before the final, three points will be added to the final test grade.

Students are to be aware of the school's policy of Academic Integrity. Academic integrity is one of the most important values maintained by East Texas Baptist University. Violations of academic policies are considered serious breaches of both personal integrity and ETBU's student code of conduct. Plagiarism is defined as “the act of appropriating or giving out as one's own the literary or artistic work of another. (Facts of general knowledge are not considered to be covered by the definition of plagiarism.)” If material is quoted without being put in quotation marks or without a footnote or endnote, it is plagiarism. If ideas are used without citing the source, it is plagiarism. Cheating “is defined as falsifying work, copying the work of another person, allowing another to copy your work, and/or the use of unauthorized helps.” Any student who is found guilty of breaking the University’s policy of academic integrity (i.e., cheating, plagiarism, etc.) will receive a zero for that grade.

EXAMINATIONS

There will be three major exams over the lectures and the readings. The questions will be both objective and discussion. The final exam will be comprehensive.

A = 90-100 D = 60-69 B = 80-89 F = below 60 C = 70-79

Course grade Tests - 25% each Exegesis - 25% 3 points possible added to final test for on-line evaluation (If daily quizzes become necessary, the tests and exegesis will be worth 20% each and the daily quizzes will collectively be worth 20% of the final grade.)

COURSE ATTENDANCE AND ABSENCES:

Students are expected to attend all class sessions. Please be in class and be on time. An automatic failing grade will be given if the allowed percentage of absences set by East Texas Baptist University is exceeded. According to school policy, to be eligible to earn credit in a course, the student must attend at least 75% of all class meetings.

Three late appearances count as one absence. Early departure from class counts the same as a late appearance. If a student is more than fifteen minutes late for a class period of fifty minutes, or more than twenty-two minutes late for a class period of one hour and twenty minutes, it will be counted as one absence.

Students sleeping in class or reading material not associated with the class during the class time will be counted as absent.

Please turn off all electronic equipment that makes a sound during class (e.g., cell phones, PDA alarms, and beepers).

Students who must leave early are asked to give notification to the professor in advance.

Constant tardiness as well as constant early departures will incur a semester grade percentage reduction of five (5)-ten (10) percent, at the discretion of the professor.

Makeup examinations will be administered in the following manner: 1. Makeup examinations will be given ONLY on the 1st and 3rd Mondays (having classes) of each month. (Dates for Spring: Jan 25; Feb. 1, 15; Mar. 7 and 21; Apr. 4 and 18) 2. Makeup examinations will be given in SCRB 207 at 3:00 p.m. 3. Students must get approval from the professor(s) to take the makeup examination. 4. Professors will give the Administrative Secretary the examination with the student’s name written on it along with the date the student is to take the exam. 5. The scheduling of the makeup examinations are the responsibility of the professor, not the Administrative Secretary, for she cannot make the determination as to whether or not the student’s reason for missing the exam is approved by the professor.

No makeup exams can be taken after the last regular scheduled class before the final examination. Examinations missed and not rescheduled will receive a grade of zero.

FOOD AND DRINK POLICY

The University endeavors to provide the best facilities possible for classes. Food and drink are prohibited in classrooms, labs, computer labs, and the library. Since food and drink are not essential to the educational process, students are asked to refrain from bringing food and drink into the classrooms. Water in approved containers is acceptable. Approved water containers include squeeze bottles with tops and hard plastic cups with a screw on lid. Paper cups with tops or drink cans are not approved.

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

Students with a disability may request appropriate accommodations for this course by contacting the Office of Academic Success and Graduate Services, Marshall Hall, Room 301. If accommodations are approved by the Disability Accommodations Committee, the Office of Academic Success and Graduate Services, at the student’s request and upon receipt of a signed consent form, will notify the professor of the approved accommodations. The student will then meet with her/his instructor to discuss the accommodation(s). If a student’s request for accommodation(s) should change, it is expected that the student will complete and submit an update form in a timely manner. All proctored exams for students receiving accommodations will be given in the Mamye Jarrett Library, under the direction of the ACE office. The five individual testing rooms are equipped for recording video and audio, so the student can be monitored by the testing coordinator and faculty can review the video for up to forty-eight hours after the test is given. Tests will be delivered to the testing coordinator two class days prior to the test date. It is the student’s responsibility to schedule the test date one week prior to the test and time using the ACE website (www.etbu.edu/ace). Exams will be given on the same day as the scheduled test as determined by the course schedule. A student must provide her/his own scantron/green book. COURSE OUTLINE

Jan. 12 Introduction 14 What is literature? R 11-32. 19 Analyzing narrative. R 33-86; DH 291-307, 333-54. 21 Gospels, Law. R 131-38; DH 269-90; 355-72. 26 Parables. R 139-53, 199-203. 28 Biblical poetry. R 87-120; DH 373-96. Feb. 2 Wisdom and proverbial literature. R 121-29; DH 421-42. 4 Epistles. R 155-58; DH 251-68. 9 Prophecy. R 165-75; DH 397-419. Due Date: Report of selected passage for Exegesis. 11 Visionary literature. DH 309-30. 16 Irony and satire. R 159-63. 18 TEST 23 Canonical criticism. R, 177-97. 25 Social scientific criticism. Due Date: Preliminary bibliography for Exegesis. March 1 Feminist criticism. 3 Liberation hermeneutics. 8 The question of meaning. DH, 189-202. 10 Reader-response hermeneutics. 22 Multiple meanings, sensus plenior, the four aspects of meaning. DH, 203-24. 24 Inspiration. DH 225-33, 443-54. “The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy,” and the critique of this statement. 29 TEST 31 Building theology: Old Testament theology & New Testament theology. April 5 Building theology: biblical theology, systematic theology. 7 Building theology: biblical ethics. 12 Applied hermeneutics: open or closed communion, lending/borrowing money 14 Case studies: slavery. S 17-64. Due Date: Exegesis. 19 Case studies: Sabbath. S 65-95. 21 Case studies: war. S 96-149, 250-55. 26 Case studies: women. S 150-91, 256-69. 28 continued. S 192-249, 270-75. May 5 (Thursday, 9:30 AM) FINAL PROCEDURE FOR THE EVALUATION OF WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS

Research papers will be evaluated in three areas: form, presentation, and research. Each area will count one-third of the grade.

This portion of the grade will be determined by such matters as spelling, grammar, syntax, writing style, neatness, and proper technical form. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, by Kate L. Turabian, 8th ed., will be the standard in this class. Footnotes should be used instead of the parenthetical note form. Examples of proper footnote form are given below. The paper should include a title page, a table of contents, an introduction, the body, a conclusion, and a bibliography.

Common errors in writing style and Turabian form are identified later in the syllabus in the “Term Paper Notation List.” NOTE: one point will be deducted from the grade for each category of mistake found in the paper. Points will also be deducted for repeated mistakes.

PRESENTATION

This area includes the clarity of the definition of the task, the organization of the content, the arguments and logic used, and the completeness with which the assignment is carried out.

RESEARCH

Research papers will be evaluated on both the quantity and quality of the sources and on the usage made of them. The paper must show use of at least ten sources in order to receive a minimum grade of a “C.” The Bible, lexicons, and concordances do not count toward this total, although they might be listed in the bibliography.

NOTE: All sources must be published. The following are not acceptable resources for this paper: sermons, devotional books, Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Holy Bible, Charles Spurgeon’s Treasury of David, J. Vernon McGee’s Through the Bible, and similar works. A very general rule is that more recent works are more valuable than older ones. In biblical studies, however, works by the best scholars from the past are always worthy. Jerome, Luther, Calvin, Bengel, and others may be used. But good research never depends solely on older work. A wide search of contemporary scholarship is always necessary. Internet resources are not considered the best quality for academic work.

EXAMPLES OF FOOTNOTE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY FORM

1William McKane, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Jeremiah, 2 vols., The International Critical Commentary (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986-96), 1:115. 2James Leo Green, “Jeremiah,” in The Broadman Bible Commentary, ed. Clifton J. Allen, 12 vols. (Nashville: Broadman, 1969-72), 6:45.

3H. B. Huffmon, “Prophecy (ANE),” in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman, 6 vols. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 5:479.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Green, James Leo. “Jeremiah.” In The Broadman Bible Commentary, ed. Clifton J. Allen, 6:1- 202. 12 vols. Nashville: Broadman, 1969-72.

Huffmon, H. B. “Prophecy (ANE).” In The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman, 5:477-82. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

McKane, William. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Jeremiah. 2 vols. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986-96.

TERM PAPER NOTATION LIST

The numbers written on term papers refer to the problems listed below. In cases of differences with Turabian style, the following rules take precedence.

ISSUES OF GRAMMAR AND WRITING STYLE

1. Subject-verb agreement. The subject and the verb does not agree. E.g., “The subject and the verb does not agree.”

2. Pronoun-antecedent agreement. The pronoun does not agree with its antecedent. E.g., “any author can write their book more quickly with a word processor.”

3. Comma splice. Two independent clauses joined only by a comma. E.g., “football is rough, volleyball is fast.” Three solutions are possible. Replace the comma with a semicolon, make the clauses separate sentences, or add a coordinating conjunction (and, or, nor, but, yet, for) after the comma.

4. Run-on sentence. Two or more independent clauses joined without proper conjunctions and punctuation. A sentence that runs on and on and joins together one independent clause after another without punctuation will detract from the quality of writing style and the professor will get tired reading it and the student will not like what said sad professor says about it. E.g., “The book was very hard to read and only the most dedicated people finish it.” 5. We ought not to use first person in formal, academic writing, except when we quote. If at all possible, avoid using “I,” “we,” “us,” or other similar references.

6. You must not use second person in formal, academic writing unless you are quoting. This means you!

7. improper CapiTalization. (It is “Bible,” not “bible.”)

8. Sentence fragment. Pieces of a sentence. Which is not good to do.

9. Use possessive forms (’s) only on people or things that are commonly personified.

10. Don’t use contractions (e.g., don’t, can’t, won’t) in formal academic writing. The professor won’t like it.

11. Y’all should not use colloquial expressions. I’m like, no way, man! Don’t even go there.

Examples of colloquial expressions.

Y’all. I’m like . . . No way, man. Don’t even go there. Slap him up side the face/head. In your face. Using “I feel” when you mean “I think.”

12. Do not use titles (Mr., Dr., Rev.), degrees (Ph.D., D.D.), or designations of membership in religious orders (S.J.) when giving the names of authors of works or in referring to them in the body of the paper.

13. Do not use abbreviations except for the standard ones, such as A.D., B.C., A.M., P.M, etc. Oops, and other commonly used examples.

14. The conjunctions in English are “and,” “or,” “nor,” “but,” “yet,” and “for.” “So” is not a conjunction, so you should not use it the way it is used in this sentence unless you have a conjunction in front of it.

15. It is good style to avoid using a word twice in one sentence. Try not to use the same word in successive sentences.

16. Items in parallel structures or in series should have the same grammatical form. That is, they should all be nouns, or all verbs, or all infinitives, and so on.

17. Underlining or italics is needed. Foreign language words and book titles should be underlined or in italics.

18. Do not mix verb tenses within a paragraph.

19. Do not capitalize pronouns that refer to God. Even the King James Version does not do that. 20. Do not say, “We as Christians . . . .” Say simply, “Christians . . .”

21. In arguing for a position, it is better to state the evidence than merely to say “I. M. Knowitall believes this, but Hermione Weasley thinks that.”

22. Improper spacing. Incorrect: R.M. Smith. Correct: R. M. Smith. But 2:30 P.M.; A.D. 430.

23. Papers should be double spaced.

24. Do not print on the back side of the paper. Use only single-sided printing.

25. Misspelled words. Here are commonly confused word pairs and words often misspelled. altar alter anoint here/hear its it’s misspelled Nineveh past passed sense since there their then than through/threw weather whether principle/principal

No tm. OMG. No jk.

PAPER FORMAT AND MANUAL OF STYLE ISSUES

26. Table of Contents missing.

27. Introduction needed.

28. Improper form for Table of Contents.

29. Subheadings should have two lines of text under them or be put on the next page.

30. Pagination.

31. Improper margins.

32. Single spacing needed.

33. Double spacing needed.

34. Keep the same typeface in the document. Also the same size.

35. Improper footnote form.

36. Give the title and author of the specific article when citing an essay by one person in a work edited by another. 37. When referring to a source in the body of the paper, use the name of the writer and not the title of the reference or work.

38. There is a shortened footnote form available for citing a work after the first footnote containing the full reference to it.

39. Improper form for quotation.

40. Conclusion needed.

41. Improper bibliography form.

42. Quotation marks almost always follow other marks of punctuation. See Turabian for exceptions. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adam, A. K. M. What Is Postmodern Biblical Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995.

Alter, Robert, and Frank Kermode, eds. The Literary Guide to the Bible. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Belknap, 1987.

Black, David Alan, ed. Assisted by Katharine Barnwell and Stephen Levinsohn. Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Discourse Analysis. With a foreword by Eugene A. Nida. Nashville: Broadman, 1992.

Black, David Alan, and David S. Dockery, eds. New Testament Criticism and Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.

Blackman, E. C. Biblical Interpretation. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1957.

Brown, Jeannine K. Scripture as Communication: Introducing Biblical Hermeneutics. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007.

Brueggemann, Walter, and Hans Walter Wolff. The Vitality of Old Testament Traditions. 2d ed. Atlanta: John Knox, 1982.

Caird, G. B. The Language and Imagery of the Bible. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1980.

Camery-Hoggatt, Jerry. Reading the Good Book Well: A Guide to Biblical Interpretation. Nashville: Abingdon, 2007.

Coggins, R. J., and J. L. Houlden, eds. A Dictionary of Biblical Interpretation. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1990; London: SCM, 1990.

Cosgrove, Charles H. Appealing to Scripture in Moral Debate: Five Hermeneutical Rules. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.

Dana, H. E. Searching the Scripture: A Handbook of New Testament Hermeneutics. New Orleans: Bible Institute Memorial Press, 1936.

Danker, Frederick W. Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study. Rev. and expanded ed. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993.

Dockery, David S. Biblical Interpretation Then and Now: Contemporary Hermeneutics in the Light of the Early Church. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.

Dockery, David S., Kenneth A. Mathews, and Robert B. Sloan, eds. Foundations for Biblical Interpretation. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1994. Elliott, John H. What is Social-Scientific Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993.

Erickson, Richard J. A Beginner’s Guide to New Testament Exegesis: Taking the Fear Out of Critical Method. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2005.

Farrar, Frederic W. History of Interpretation. New York: Dutton, 1886. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1961.

Fee, Gordon D., and Mark L. Strauss. How to Choose a Translation for All Its Worth: A Guide to Understanding and Using Bible Versions. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2007.

Fee, Gordon D., and Douglas Stuart. How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993.

Goldingay, John. Approaches to Old Testament Interpretation. Rev. ed. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity, 1990.

______. Models for Interpretation of Scripture. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995; Carlisle: Paternoster, 1995.

Goldsworthy, Graeme. Gospel-Centered Hermeneutics: Foundations and Principles of Evangelical Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, IVP Academic, 2006.

Goppelt, Leonhard. Typos: The Typological Interpretation of the Old Testament in the New. Translated by Donald H. Madvig. With a foreword by E. Earle Ellis. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.

Grant, Robert M., and David Tracy. A Short History of the Interpretation of the Bible. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Hauerwas, Stanley. Unleashing the Scripture: Freeing the Bible from Captivity to America. Nashville: Abingdon, 1993.

Hayes, John H., and Carl R. Holladay. Biblical Exegesis. Rev. ed. Atlanta: John Knox, 1987.

Haynes, Stephen R., and Steven L. McKenzie, eds. To Each Its Own Meaning: An Introduction to Biblical Criticisms and Their Applications. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1993.

Kaiser, Walter C., Jr., and Moisés Silva. An Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics: The Search for Meaning. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.

Kee, Howard Clark, ed. The Bible in the Twenty-First Century. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1993. Klein, George L., ed. Reclaiming the Prophetic Mantle: Preaching the Old Testament Faithfully. Nashville: Broadman, 1992.

Klein, William W., Craig L. Blomberg, and Robert L. Hubbard, Jr. Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Consulting ed. Kermit A. Ecklebarger. Dallas: Word, 1993.

McKim, Donald K. The Bible in Theology and Preaching. Nashville: Abingdon, 1994.

McKnight, Edgar V. Meaning in Texts: The Historical Shaping of a Narrative Hermeneutics. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1978.

Maier, Gerhard. Biblical Hermeneutics. Translated by Robert W. Yarbrough. Wheaton, IL: Good News Publishers, Crossway, 1994.

Mickelsen, A. Berkeley. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1963.

Morgan, Robert. Biblical Interpretation. In collaboration with John Barton. Oxford Bible Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Osborne, Grant R. The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1991.

Powell, Mark Allan. What is Narrative Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990.

The Proceedings of the Conference on Biblical Interpretation 1988. Nashville: Broadman, 1988.

Rast, Walter E. Tradition History and the Old Testament. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1972.

Ryken, Leland. How to Read the Bible as Literature. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Sandy, D. Brent, and Ronald L. Giese, Jr., eds. Cracking Old Testament Codes: A Guide to Interpreting the Literary Genres of the Old Testament. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1995.

Scalise, Charles J. From Scripture to Theology: A Canonical Journey into Hermeneutics. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1996.

Soulen, Richard N., and R. Kendall Soulen. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. 3d ed., rev. and expanded. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.

Steck, Odil Hannes. Old Testament Exegesis: A Guide to the Methodology. Translated by James D. Nogalski. Society of Biblical Literature Resources for Biblical Study, no. 33. Atlanta: Scholars, 1995. Stuhlmacher, Peter. Historical Criticism and Theological Interpretation of Scripture: Towards a Hermeneutics of Consent. Translated by Roy A. Harrisville. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977.

Swartley, Willard M. Slavery, Sabbath, War, and Women: Case Issues in Biblical Interpretation. With a foreword by Albert J. Meyer. Scottdale, PA: Herald, 1983.

Terry, Milton S. Biblical Hermeneutics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, n.d.

Thiselton, Anthony C. New Horizons in Hermeneutics: The Theory and Practice of Transforming Biblical Reading. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992.

______. The Two Horizons: New Testament Hermeneutics and Philosophical Description with Special Reference to Heidegger, Bultmann, Gadamer, and Wittgenstein. With a foreword by J. B. Torrance. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1980.

Tov, Emanuel. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992; Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1992.

Tucker, Gene M. Form Criticism of the Old Testament. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971.

Voelz, J. W. What Does This Mean?: Principles of Biblical Interpretation in the Post-Modern World. St. Louis: Concordia, 1995.

Watson, Francis. Text, Church, and World: Biblical Interpretation in Theological Perspective. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.

White, J. Benton. Taking the Bible Seriously: Honest Differences About Biblical Interpretation. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1993.

Zimmermann, Jens. Recovering Theological Hermeneutics: An Incarnational-Trinitarian Theory of Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.