Macromolecule Unit Study Guide

Biology Jones Macromolecule Unit Study Guide

1. What are the three parts to an atom? Where are the parts located (inside or outside the nucleus), and what are their charges? 2. Why is an atom said to be neutral? 3. What is an ion? (Two parts to this answer) 4. What does the pH scale measure, specifically? 5. Why must water be present to take the pH of a substance? 6. What do acids release in a solution? What do bases release in solution? 7. Give an example, using a pH number value of a weak base. Strong acid.

8. What is the scientific definition of organic? 9. How do monomers relate to polymers? 10. What are the four macromolecules? 11. Carbohydrates are generally known as ______. 12. What is the monomer of carbohydrates? 13. What is the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide? Give 1 example of a monosaccharide, 2 examples of disaccharides, and 2 examples of polysaccharides. 14. What is the main source of energy for animals and plants? 15. Give examples and explain how carbohydrates are structural material in plants. 16. What is the only sugar your brain cells can use? 17. The monomer of lipids consists of two molecules stuck together to make up this monomer. What are these two molecules that make up the monomer to lipids? 18. What are five examples of lipids? 19. What are the corresponding functions of each one of these examples of lipids? 20. Removing all the water in your cells and your body is mostly made of ______. 21. What are the monomers to protein? How many different types are there? Remember, you need to have a complete protein diet to get all of them into your body for your cells to use! 22. List 4 examples of proteins. 23. List the 4 corresponding functions of the protein examples in #22. 24. What is the monomer of nucleic acids? 25. What are two examples of nucleic acids? 26. What is the function of nucleic acids? 27. Where is DNA located in a cell? 28. Explain this phrase: A string of yarn is not a sweater just like a string of amino acids is not a protein. 29. How is a bead to a necklace like an amino acid to a protein? 30. How does a chain of amino acids interact to create the final structure of a protein, like an enzyme? 31. What macromolecule do enzymes belong to? Knowing this, what monomer makes up enzymes? 32. What is activation energy? 33. What do enzymes do to activation energy of a chemical reaction and what, consequently, happens to the reaction rate when they do it? 34. What is the relationship between the reactant of a chemical reaction using an enzyme and the active site of an enzyme? 35. What does it mean to denature an enzyme? 36. What are three things that can cause an enzyme to denature? 37. Why is it not a good thing to denature enzymes? 38. Why are enzymes said to be specific?