Update Executable, Force

Estimating Community Wide Effects of FC Adoption_supplementary materials 1

. psmatch2 fcinfn0 know sex age fcsee stinohepc hivseek fcblfrc mcsex30 fcmediaS hiv , outcome (fconeve) common logit ate ------Variable Sample | Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat ------+------fconeve Unmatched | .391891892 .18 .211891892 .046920282 4.52 ATT | .37593985 .203007519 .172932331 .074264372 2.33 ATU | .214285714 .285714286 .071428571 . . ATE | .11627907 . . ------+------Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

Logistic regression Number of obs = 348 LR chi2(8) = 45.46 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log likelihood = -214.58581 Pseudo R2 = 0.0958 ------fcinfn0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] ------+------know | -.2202235 .6493483 -0.34 0.735 -1.492923 1.052476 sex | .5037462 .2396115 2.10 0.036 .0341163 .9733762 age | -.0281476 .0109574 -2.57 0.010 -.0496237 -.0066715 stinohepc | .6094463 .2446059 2.49 0.013 .1300275 1.088865 hivseek | .8911438 .2455329 3.63 0.000 .409908 1.372379 fcblfrc | .5395844 .4034027 1.34 0.181 -.2510704 1.330239 mcsex30 | .3509394 .2363423 1.48 0.138 -.1122831 .8141619 hiv | .187482 .1420411 1.32 0.187 -.0909135 .4658774 _cons | -2.353749 1.256718 -1.87 0.061 -4.816871 .1093728 ------There are observations with identical propensity score values. The sort order of the data could affect your results. Make sure that the sort order is random before calling psmatch2. ------Variable Sample | Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat ------+------fconeve Unmatched | .391891892 .18 .211891892 .046920282 4.52 ATT | .391891892 .162162162 .22972973 .068224726 3.37 ATU | .178947368 .384210526 .205263158 . . ATE | .215976331 . . ------+------Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

Logistic regression Number of obs = 348 LR chi2(7) = 32.06 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log likelihood = -221.28309 Pseudo R2 = 0.0676

------fcinfn0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] ------+------know | -.8272496 .6156692 -1.34 0.179 -2.033939 .3794398 sex | .5733057 .2344222 2.45 0.014 .1138466 1.032765 age | -.0294798 .0107454 -2.74 0.006 -.0505403 -.0084193 stinohepc | .5511488 .2386236 2.31 0.021 .083455 1.018843 fcblfrc | .5939295 .3964567 1.50 0.134 -.1831114 1.37097 mcsex30 | .390728 .2317195 1.69 0.092 -.0634338 .8448898 hiv | .2359905 .1377846 1.71 0.087 -.0340624 .5060435 _cons | -1.842781 1.219155 -1.51 0.131 -4.23228 .5467181 ------There are observations with identical propensity score values. The sort order of the data could affect your results. Make sure that the sort order is random before calling psmatch2. ------Variable Sample | Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat ------+------fconeve Unmatched | .391891892 .18 .211891892 .046920282 4.52 ATT | .394557823 .19047619 .204081633 .069676038 2.93 ATU | .180412371 .463917526 .283505155 . . ATE | .249266862 . . ------+------Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

. attnd fconeve fcinfn0 know sex age hivseek fcblfrc stinohepc mcsex30 fcsee fcmediaS hiv, comsup boot reps(100) dots logit detail Estimation of the ATT with the nearest neighbor matching method Random draw version **************************************************************** Note: the common support option has been selected The region of common support is [.11038721, .92812903] The outcome is fconeve Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ------+------fconeve | 321 .2959502 .4571814 0 1 The treatment is fcinfn0 fcinfn0 | Freq. Percent Cum. ------+------no one spoke about FC | 168 53.16 53.16 someone spoke about FC positively or b | 148 46.84 100.00 ------+------Total | 316 100.00 The distribution of the pscore is Pr(fcinfn0) ------Percentiles Smallest 1% .1148199 .1103872 5% .1300056 .110692 10% .1603485 .111217 Obs 321 25% .3009036 .1148199 Sum of Wgt. 321

50% .4297598 Mean .4620596 Largest Std. Dev. .2242147 75% .619251 .9200741 90% .8168924 .9227483 Variance .0502722 95% .8728809 .9262863 Skewness .3600555 99% .9200741 .928129 Kurtosis 2.199449 The program is searching the nearest neighbor of each treated unit. This operation may take a while.

**************************************************** Forward search **************************************************** Backward search **************************************************** Choice between backward or forward match **************************************************** Display of final results **************************************************** The number of treated is 148 The number of treated which have been matched is 148 Average absolute pscore difference between treated and controls Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ------+------PSDIF | 148 .0063397 .0107588 4.65e-06 .0552482 Average outcome of the matched treated Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ------+------fconeve | 148 .3918919 .4898304 0 1 Average outcome of the matched controls Variable | Obs Weight Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ------+------fconeve | 69 148 .1824324 .3890299 0 1 Estimating Community Wide Effects of FC Adoption_supplementary materials 4 ATT estimation with Nearest Neighbor Matching method (random draw version) Analytical standard errors ------n. treat. n. contr. ATT Std. Err. t ------148 69 0.209 0.083 2.524 ------Note: the numbers of treated and controls refer to actual nearest neighbour matches Bootstrapping of standard errors command: attnd fconeve fcinfn0 know sex age hivseek fcblfrc stinohepc mcsex30 fcsee fcmediaS hiv , pscore() logit comsup statistic: attnd = r(attnd) note: label truncated to 80 characters Bootstrap statistics Number of obs = 398 Replications = 100 ------Variable | Reps Observed Bias Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] ------+------attnd | 100 .2094595 -.0723294 .082463 .0458349 .373084 (N) | -.0214286 .2875 (P) | .1102941 .3178295 (BC) ------Note: N = normal P = percentile BC = bias-corrected ATT estimation with Nearest Neighbor Matching method (random draw version) Bootstrapped standard errors ------n. treat. n. contr. ATT Std. Err. t ------148 69 0.209 0.082 2.540 ------Note: the numbers of treated and controls refer to actual nearest neighbour matches

repeat analysis without strong predictor, as suggested by reviewer: w/o fcsee and fcmediaS Analytical standard errors ------n. treat. n. contr. ATT Std. Err. t ------148 81 0.230 0.068 3.367 ------Note: the numbers of treated and controls refer to actual nearest neighbour matches Bootstrapped standard errors ------n. treat. n. contr. ATT Std. Err. t ------148 81 0.230 0.073 3.159 ------Note: the numbers of treated and controls refer to actual Estimating Community Wide Effects of FC Adoption_supplementary materials 5

repeat analysis without strong predictor, as suggested by reviewer: w/o fcsee and fcmediaS and hivseek Analytical standard errors ------n. treat. n. contr. ATT Std. Err. t ------148 83 0.203 0.069 2.933 ------Note: the numbers of treated and controls refer to actual nearest neighbour matches Bootstrapped standard errors ------n. treat. n. contr. ATT Std. Err. t ------148 83 0.203 0.074 2.740 ------

sensatt fconeve fcinfn0 know sex age hivseek fcblfrc stinohepc mcsex30 fcsee fcmediaS hiv, p( unprsx) reps(100) comsup logit bootstrap as suggested by reviewer: [2ND] The probability of having U=1 if T=1 and Y=1 (p11) is equal to: 0.37 The probability of having U=1 if T=1 and Y=0 (p10) is equal to: 0.61 The probability of having U=1 if T=0 and Y=1 (p01) is equal to: 0.42 The probability of having U=1 if T=0 and Y=0 (p00) is equal to: 0.60

The probability of having U=1 if T=1 (p1.) is equal to: 0.51 The probability of having U=1 if T=0 (p0.) is equal to: 0.57

The program is iterating the ATT estimation with simulated confounder. You have chosen to perform 100 iterations. This step may take a while.

ATT estimation with simulated confounder General multiple-imputation standard errors ------ATT Std. Err. Out. Eff. Sel. Eff. ------0.141 0.100 0.537 0.922 ------Note: Both the outcome and the selection effect are odds ratios from logit estimations.

So the unobserved confounder U accounts for (.209-.141 )/.209 = .32% of the baseline estimate, but the effect on both outcome and selection are negative, so we try another dummy. sensatt fconeve fcinfn0 know sex age hivseek fcblfrc stinohepc mcsex30 fcsee fcmediaS hiv, p11(0.40) p10(0.40) p01(0.20) p00(0.20) reps(100) comsup logit

The probability of having U=1 if T=1 and Y=1 (p11) is equal to: 0.40 The probability of having U=1 if T=1 and Y=0 (p10) is equal to: 0.40 The probability of having U=1 if T=0 and Y=1 (p01) is equal to: 0.40 The probability of having U=1 if T=0 and Y=0 (p00) is equal to: 0.40

The probability of having U=1 if T=1 (p1.) is equal to: 0.40 The probability of having U=1 if T=0 (p0.) is equal to: 0.40 ATT estimation with simulated confounder General multiple-imputation standard errors ------ATT Std. Err. Out. Eff. Sel. Eff. Estimating Community Wide Effects of FC Adoption_supplementary materials 6 ------0.135 0.099 1.133 1.035 ------Note: Both the outcome and the selection effect are odds ratios from logit estimations. So the unobserved confounder U accounts for (.209-.135 )/.209 = .35% of the baseline estimate, which seems sizeable in fact. Estimating Community Wide Effects of FC Adoption_supplementary materials 7

pscore fcinfn0 know sex age hivseek fcblfrc stinohepc mcsex30 fcsee fcmediaS hiv, pscore( psb4c10) blockid( bl4cov10) comsup numblo(4) level(0.005) logit

*the solution with 5 blocks yielded a 5th group of 6 in non-exposed (30 in exposed), so tried 4 blocks; The region of common support is [.11038721, .92812903] Description of the estimated propensity score in region of common support Estimated propensity score ------Percentiles Smallest 1% .1148199 .1103872 5% .1300056 .110692 10% .1603485 .111217 Obs 321 25% .3009036 .1148199 Sum of Wgt. 321

50% .4297598 Mean .4620596 Largest Std. Dev. .2242147 75% .619251 .9200741 90% .8168924 .9227483 Variance .0502722 95% .8728809 .9262863 Skewness .3600555 99% .9200741 .928129 Kurtosis 2.199449 ****************************************************** Step 1: Identification of the optimal number of blocks Use option detail if you want more detailed output ****************************************************** The final number of blocks is 4 This number of blocks ensures that the mean propensity score is not different for treated and controls in each blocks ********************************************************** Step 2: Test of balancing property of the propensity score Use option detail if you want more detailed output ********************************************************** The balancing property is satisfied This table shows the inferior bound, the number of treated and the number of controls for each block Inferior | of block | fcinfn0 of pscore | no one s someone | Total ------+------+------.1103872 | 47 14 | 61 .25 | 86 50 | 136 .5 | 27 47 | 74 .75 | 8 37 | 45 ------+------+------Total | 168 148 | 316 Note: the common support option has been selected Estimating Community Wide Effects of FC Adoption_supplementary materials 8

. logit fcinfn0 know sex age hivseek fcblfrc stinohepc mcsex30 fcsee fcmediaS hiv, nolog

------fcinfn0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] ------+------know | .0723086 .6987278 0.10 0.918 -1.297173 1.44179 sex | .4650407 .255435 1.82 0.069 -.0356028 .9656842 age | -.0173805 .0119044 -1.46 0.144 -.0407126 .0059516 hivseek | .7305862 .2642011 2.77 0.006 .2127614 1.248411 fcblfrc | .4206706 .4329957 0.97 0.331 -.4279853 1.269326 stinohepc | .4436606 .2616602 1.70 0.090 -.069184 .9565053 mcsex30 | .2827335 .2529966 1.12 0.264 -.2131307 .7785976 fcsee | 1.506495 .332786 4.53 0.000 .8542462 2.158743 fcmediaS | 1.415616 .3826396 3.70 0.000 .6656558 2.165575 hiv | .1551879 .1512385 1.03 0.305 -.141234 .4516099 _cons | -3.767882 1.381353 -2.73 0.006 -6.475284 -1.06048 ------. linktest, nolog