Maryland Spring HS Tournament Round 9

TOSSUPS

In one section of this work, the narrator discusses how another character should wait until the birth of Christianity, despite how his condition began "ten years before the flood." The narrator also compares his state to vegetables which "should grow vaster than (*) empires, and more slow." Another image in this poem is the depiction of worms eating the hymen of a dead girl, which follows the imagery of "Time's winged chariot drawing near." Containing the longing "had we but world enough, and time," for 10 points, name this poem in which the speaker entreats the titular prudish woman to sleep with him, a work by Andrew Marvell. ANSWER: To His Coy Mistress

2) One story told by this people tells of Bralgu Bralgu, the Island of the Dead, to which the psychopomp Nganug rows the deceased three days after their death. A bat from this myth system, Balayang, was the brother of a deity who set fire to the former's country as the result of a perceived insult, Bunjil the Eaglehawk. The most prominent concept of this mythology is represented by a tree planted with its roots in the (*) air to show its connection to the sky world. That system of continuous creation is called the Altjeringa, but is better known as the Dreamtime. FTP, name this myth system of the native inhabitants of Australia. ANSWER: Aboriginal myth (accept word forms)

3) Paiute holy man Wovoka had spread the religious practice that precipitated this event, which was preceded by a federal decision in 1889 to divided the Great Sioux Reservation into five smaller reservations as well as the death of Sitting Bull in a scuffle with federal agents. A deaf tribesman named Black Coyote resisted turning over his gun after a Bureau of Indian Affairs agent misinterpreted a tribal (*) Ghost Dance as a war dance, despite the order from Spotted Elk to stand down. FTP, name the bloody confrontation between Indians and Federal troops, which took place in South Dakota in 1890 ANSWER: Battle of Wounded Knee [accept Wounded Knee Massacre, accept Ghost Dance before "this event"]

4) This quantity can be measured in a Harned Cell using the Guggenhiem-Bates convention, and Pitzer developed a method for calculating this quantity when the common ion effect occurs. Sorenson defines this quantity as the logarithm of activity, and it can be computed in a (*) buffer solution using the dissociation constant with an equations named for Henderson and Hasselbalch. This quantity is typically measured by titration with an indicator such as phenolpthalein. Computed as the logarithm of the number of hydrogen ions, for 10 points, name this quantity that measures the acidity of a solution. ANSWER: pH [accept power of hydrogen]

5) A parody of one of this artist's works was a sculpture of a seal with a face similar to a seemingly unfinished depiction of a contemporaneous literary figure. In another work, this man sculpted a naked titular religious figure walking toward the viewer. In addition to Saint John the Baptist Preaching and (*) Balzac, this man also sculpted "a man arising from nature" in his Age of Bronze. Six noblemen are about to be martyred for the titular city in his The Burghers of Calais. FTP, name this French post-impressionistic sculptor of the Gates of Hell which includes a Dante as The Thinker. ANSWER: Auguste Rodin

6) This character paid his way through St. Olaf College by working as a janitor until he dropping out. A Major in World War I, he was awarded medals of valor for bravely commanding heavy machine guns in the American army. This man worked for a copper tycoon named Dan Cody from whom he learned about the manners of the upper class. This man drives a (*) yellow car with which his love interest kills Myrtle in the valley of ashes, leading to his murder in his swimming pool because of Tom's manipulations of Wilson. FTP, name this man who is in love with Daisy Buchanan and who throws some crazy parties, a titular character of a F. Scott Fitzgerald novel. ANSWER: Jay Gatsby or James "Jimmy" Gatz

7) This man adopted the heresy of Aphthartodocetism, and his wife was a monophysite. This man's intolerance of pagans ended the Neoplatonic school in Athens, though the Endless Peace he signed with Khusro I promised those philosophilers freedom. This man was suspected of the murder of his rival Vitalian, and under his reign the (*) Hagia Sophia was constructed. The generals Belisarius and Narses put down revolts against this ruler led by the Blue and Green teams in the hippodrome, the Nika Revolts. For 10 points, name this Byzantine emperor who promulgated a namesake law codex and began a namesake dynasty. ANSWER: Justinian I [accept Flavius Anicius Justinianus or Petrus Sabbatius] 8) This group of compositions includes one whose final coda introduces a majestic German theme unheard anywhere else in the piece. One of these works includes a Dresden Amen played on the strings in its first movement, and a dotted inversion of that same sequence in its second movement. The second of these works, written in B-flat major, was meant to commemorate the anniversary of the printing press and is known as (*) “Lobesgang” or “Hymn of Praise.” The third of these was written on the same trip that inspired the composer's Hebrides Overture. FTP, name this set of compositions which includes the Reformation, Scottish and Italian. ANSWER: symphonies of Felix Mendelssohn [prompt on partial answers]

9) One step in this process produces one molecule of both succinate and GTP. The beta oxidation of fatty acids produces one reactant in this process as well as energy, and the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase acts on molecules just before entering this process. The first step of this process sees acetyl coenzyme A add to (*) oxoloacetate to form a namesake six carbon product, and each circuit produces three molecules of NADH2 plus and one molecule of FADH2 for the electron transport chain. For 10 points, name this mitochondrial process following glycolysis in cellular respiration sometimes named the citric acid cycle. ANSWER: Krebs Cycle [accept Citric Acid Cycle before mentioned]

10) This religion boasts sizable representation in Yuba City, California, which holds an annual parade to commemorate the receipt of a sacred text. That text contains a compilation of hymns from fifteen bhagats, and more famous contributors include a man who was known as a "soldier saint;" that text was elevated in importance upon the nomination of (*) Gobind Singh. Another contributor to that text, the Adi Granth, was this religion's founder, whose body turned into flowers upon his death so that it could be neither cremated nor buried, and who notably asserted "there is no Hindu, there is no Muslim." FTP, name this religion, founded by Nanak, the first of its ten Gurus. ANSWER: Sikhism

11) His political beliefs are set forth in his tract Memorial to the Citizens of Nueva Granada by a Caraqueno, which was published after he escaped from the capture of Puerto Cabello by royalists. From Trujillo he issued a proclamation calling for a War to the Death, though after defeat by Jose Tomas Boves he would later write the Jamaica letter. This victor at the battle of (*) Ayachucho organized the convetion which created Gran Colombia though he fought the battle of Boyaca to liberate Nueva Granada and the battle of Carabobo to liberate Venezuela. For 10 points, name this liberator, called the "George Washington of South America." ANSWER: Simon Bolivar

12) A rock formation known as this nation's 'Sphinx' as well as a pair of massive mushroom-shaped rocks known as "Babele" are located in this nation's Bucegi Mountains. This country's Iron Gates National Park is near the largest European hydroelectric dam outside of Russia and those gorges are shared with Serbia. The Roman province of (*) Dacia was found in southern region of this nation which is now often referred to as Wallachia and the Carpathian Mountains run throguh this country's Western portion, Transylvania. Bordered by Bulgaria to the south and the Black Sea on the East, FTP, identify this European nation with its capital at Bucharest. ANSWER: Romania

13) The long range asymmetry of this interaction was measured by the E158 experiment, while the CKM matrix parametrizes this interaction with the Cabibbo angle. Experiments with Kaon physics by Madame Wu show that this interaction violation P and CP symmetry. This force, which can change flavor and cause beta decay, has a very limited range because it is mediated by massive (*) W and Z bosons. For 10 points, what force did Weinberg, Salam, and Glashow unify with electromagnetism, named for its low strength in comparison to the strong force? ANSWER: Weak Nuclear Force or Interaction

14) In one work by this artist, a glowing angel awakes the title figure and sneaks him past some sleeping guards on the right scene of that majestic overdoor. Another of his works features eighteen poets from both antiquity and his contemporaneous era as well as nine muses and Apollo at the titular location. In addition to The Deliverance of Saint Peter and (*) Parnassus, he also painted a red and blue clad Mary with an infant St. John the Baptist who holds a cross for which baby Jesus reaches called Madonna of the Meadow. FTP, name the artist who painted Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and many other ancient Greeks in his work located in the Vatican, The School of Athens. ANSWER: Raphael

15) One section of this work proclaims, “The nymphs are departed,” and its fourth section paraphrases its author's earlier poem “Dans le Restaurant” in saying that Phlebas “was once handsome and tall as you.” The refrain “HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME” interrupts the proceedings of the work's second section and Madame Sosostris appears “with a wicked pack of cards” in (*) "The Burial of the Dead." The speaker of this poem goes to the Unreal City and quotes the Upanishads in “What the Thunder Said.” FTP, name this poem which ends with the line “Shantih shantih shantih” and opens with “April is the cruelest month, ” a work by T. S. Eliot. ANSWER: “The Waste Land”

16) Kinematic variations in this due to the Ostriker–Vishniac and Sunyaev Zeldo'vich effects causes distortion that can be used to map galaxies. This was first predicted by Alpher, Herman, and Gamow and first observed by Wilson and Penzias at Bell Labs. It is observed to have a redshift of over one thousand, and is the most perfectly measured blackbody known to science with a temperature of (*) 2.7 Kelvin. WMAP and KOBE have created precise measurements of this, which reveals anisotropies of the early universe because this is the echo of recombination soon after the Big Bang. For 10 points, name this radiation coming from all directions in the universe. ANSWER: Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation [accept CMBR]

17) The Cologne War was fought over a provision in the document, the ecclesiastic reservation, which had confiscated the offices of bishops who had converted during the preceeding conflict. Prince Maurice of Albertine-Saxony fought on both sides of the conflict ended by this agreement, which replaced an earlier Interim Creed, and confirmed the Peace of (*) Passau. This document allowed for the free movement of serfs, but did not recognize Calvinism. Creating the doctrine of cuius regio, eius religio, for 10 points, name this 1555 peace between Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League which promised religious toleration to Lutherans. ANSWER: Peace of Augsburg

18) One triangular model of this concept posits built-in, cost-push, and demand-pull as its three types, while the Austrian school claims that, along with taxation and borrowing, this is a way for the state to fund its activities. Rational expectations theory predicts actors will cause an increase in this value by anticipating decisions of the central bank. This quantity is used along with the real and nominal (*) interest rates in the Fisher equation and is also plotted against unemployment in the Phillips curve. FTP, name this economic concept whose "hyper" variety recently struck Zimbabwe, the rise in prices of goods and services. ANSWER: Inflation

19) One institution in this show is responsible for the capture of Barry Horowitz, and employs the claustrophobic Hugo. That organization was led by Theodore Newlin before his mysterious murder, and is called the Fellowship of the Sun. An agitator for that murder was Stan Davis, who is a nest mate of Godric. The invention of this show's (*) titular product by Japanese scientists was responsible for the "Great Revelation," and that substance is consumed by characters like Bill Compton. Featuring the exploits of Bill and his telepathic, human lover Sookie Stackhouse in Louisiana, this is, FTP, what HBO drama based on The Southern Vampire Mysteries? ANSWER: True Blood

20) In the fourth act, characters mourn the death of Aunt Rina. Aunt Julle raised the husband of the central character, who studies the domestic industries of medieval Brabant on his honeymoon. The central plot of the play revolves around a missing manuscript written by a rival of that scholar, Jurgen (*) Tesman. At the beginning of the second act, the title character is playing with pistols, and a the end of the third acts tells Ejlert Lovborg to shoot himself. Judge Brack attempts to blackmail the title character of, for 10 points, which Ibsen play about a titular women who has a beautiful death? ANSWER: Hedda Gabler

BONUSES

1) Answer some questions about the path an action potential takes through nerve cells for 10 points each. [10] After the dendrites are stimulated by other nerve cells, the signal passes to this body of the nerve cell. Nerve Growth Factor must be transported here, because this region contains the nucleus. ANSWER: Soma [accept perikaryon or cyton] [10] Once an action potential makes it to the cell body, it proceeds down the axon by saltation, or jumping between these gaps in glial cells. ANSWER: Nodes of Ranvier [10] At the end of the axon is this gap between nerve cells. Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine are released here to stimulate other nerves. ANSWER: Synapse

2) Taking place in the Senate Square, three thousand rebel troops were met by nine thousand soldiers loyal to the new tsar. FTPE: [10] Name this attempted Russian revolution where anger over the succession of a conservative tsar prompted the election of Prince Sergei Trubetskoy as emergency dictator. ANSWER: Decemberist revolt [10] The Decemberist revolt was the reaction against Constantine giving power to this brother of his who refused to abolish serfdom and lost in the Crimean War. ANSWER: Nicholas I [10] This secret society led the Revolution, planning was to rise up during the succession of a new tsar and coerce the signing of a constitution. Important leaders in this group included Pavel Pestel and Sergey Muravyov-Apostol. ANSWER: Union of Salvation [accept the Society of True and Loyal Sons of the Fatherland

3) Each character in this work has a distinct leitmotif and is identified by a particular instrument. The duck, for instance, is an oboe. FTPE: [10] Name that work, in which the duck unfortunately gets eaten, but can just barely be heard in the victory parade that both title characters attend in the work's final scene. ANSWER: Peter and the Wolf [10] This Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf also wrote a Romeo & Juliet ballet and the Lieutenant Kije suite. ANSWER: Sergei Prokofiev [10] Prokofiev is also known for this absolutely ridiculous opera, in which a prince is beset by the titular curse when he laughs at Fata Morgana's underclothes. ANSWER: The Love for Three Oranges

4) This play opens with Colonel Pickering, a linguist of Indian dialects, making a bet about a girl's Cockney accent. For 10 points each: [10] Name this play in which Eliza Doolittle passes off as a duchess by taking speaking lessons. ANSWER: Pygmalion [do not accept "My Fair Lady"] [10] This Irish dramatist penned Pygmalion, Saint Joan, and John Bull's Other Island, as well as a story about an officer in the Salvation Army, Major Barbara. ANSWER: George Bernard Shaw [10] This is the man who bets with Pickering and then tutors Eliza Doolittle in speech. He invented a namesake Universal Alphabet and is rivals with Nepommuck. ANSWER: Professor Henry Higgins

5) This broad branch of philosophy is contrasted with epistemology, and it also names an Aristotelian work that examines "being qua being". FTPE: [10] Identify this philosophical field, which is concerned with the properties of reality independent of how they are perceived. A typical question of this discipline is the oft-asked, "If a tree falls in a forest" conundrum. ANSWER: Metaphysics [10] This idealist metaphysical view claims that actual properties of the world are a result of our own creation, as opposed to the positivist view that knowledge can be gained only through sense experience. ANSWER: Constructivism [10] This philosopher and scientific historian published a landmark account of constructivism, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, in which he claimed that the properties of the world actually changed in a gestalt-like paradigm shift as human understanding changed. ANSWER: Thomas Kuhn

6) This tactic incorporated Guderian's beliefs in massing tanks into armored divisions and fighting wars of mobility. FTPE: [10] This German word for "lightning war" was the basic tactic for the Wehrmacht during World War II. It called for a combined arms assault which relied on mechanized mobilization. ANSWER: Blitzkrieg [10] This English inter-war theorist invented the idea of the Expanding Torrent. That technique of breaking a unit's command psychology by breaching the enemy's lines and dividing them heavily influenced the development of blitzkrieg. ANSWER: Liddell Hart [10] The first battle where blitzkrieg failed was this 1943 battle where concentrated Soviet and the German forces fought. It is also the largest tank battle in history. ANSWER: Battle of Kursk

7) Name some mathematicians who studied a certain series for 10 points each. [10] This mathematicians lends his name to a series composed entirely of sine and cosine functions. His related transform is often used in signal processing. ANSWER: Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier [accept Fourier Series or Transform] [10] This man was the first to give the conditions under which a Fourier series could be gauranteed to converge. He also names to a theorem which states that if you have more pigeons than boxes, some boxes will have more than one pigeon. ANSWER: Peter Dirichlet [10] This mathematician names a function whose Fourier transform is the same shape as the original function. This mathematician also names a type of intrinsic curvature and proved the fundamental theorem of algebra. ANSWER: Carl Friedrich Gauss

8) This experiment was broken into the in-group formation phase, the friction phase, and the integration phase. FTPE: [10] Name this psychology study that studied stereotypes and conflict resolution by dividing twelve year-old boys into groups who named themselves the Rattlers and the Eagles, named for the Oklahoma state park in which it took place. ANSWER: Robbers Cave Experiment [10] The experiment was run by a husband-wife team with this surname. Muzafer posed as a janitor in order to observe the movements of the boys during the study. ANSWER: Sherif [10] In this other study, participants were divided into prison guards and prisoners by Phillip Zimbardo, a faculty member at the namesake university. Much abuse followed. ANSWER: Stanford prison experiment

9) Name some novels written by William Faulkner for 10 points each. [10] A side story in this novel concerns Lena Grove and Byron Bunch, but the plot focuses on the orphan Joe Christmas and his murder of Joanna Burden. ANSWER: Light in August [10] This Faulkner novel, whose title is an allusion to Macbeth, is told from four perspectives and focuses on Caddy Compson. The three narrators are the Compson brothers Benjy, Quentin, and Jason. ANSWER: The Sound and the Fury [10] One particularly short chapter in this novel sees Vardaman confuse his dying mother, Addie Bundren, with a fish. The plot of the novel concerns the Bundrens' travels to Jefferson to bury her. ANSWER: As I Lay Dying

10) In the title sequence of this movie, a huge number of clocks adorn the walls including one that foreshadows the climax of the flim. FTPE: [10] Name this 1985 classic movie where Marty McFly goes back in time in a DeLorean and has to fix his parent's relationship before he fades out of existence. ANSWER: Back to the Future [Make a face and prompt on “Greatest Movie Ever” or “The one flick touched by the grace of God”] [10] This man played the crazy scientist, Doc Brown, who hangs off a lightning struck clock tower in Back to the Future. Other famous roles include Judge Doom in Who Framed Roger Rabbit and Jim on Taxi. ANSWER: Christopher Lloyd [10] This device is “what makes time travel possible” and is located in the DeLorean and needs to be powered by 1.21 Jigowatts. In an episode of Stargate Atlantis, Major Shepard calls a device on a time travelling ship one of these. ANSWER: Flux Capacitor

11) Ants crawl over an orange pocket watch in this painting. FTPE: [10] Name this painting which features three other clocks all of which appear to be melting, suggesting a mutability and insignificance of time. ANSWER: The Persistence of Memory [10] This man painted The Persistence of Memory along with other surrealist works like a Crucifixion where Jesus is hanged on a hypercube. ANSWER: Salvador Dali [10] Dali worked on this silent film in conjunction with Luis Bunuel. The movie skips around in time and the opening scene sees a women's eye being slit by a razor. ANSWER: An Andalusian Dog [accept Un Chien Andalou]

12) Answer some questions about plate tectonics for 10 points each. [10] In these faults, two plates slide past each other. Most North American faults, such as the San Andreas fault, are this type. ANSWER: Strike Slip Fault [accept transform fault] [10] Other plate boundaries see this process, in which one plate is forced under the other plate. In the ocean, this process results in deep ocean trenches. ANSWER: Subduction [10] This scientist first proposed plate tectonics in his 1915 book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans, where he made the case that both the coastlines and fossil records of Africa and South America appear to match up. ANSWER: Alfred Wegener 13) Answer some questions about a novel, for 10 points each. [10] In this novel, the idealist Obi is put on trial after returning from university in England for accepting bribes to pay off his debts, such as the abortion he paid for Clara. ANSWER: No Longer at Ease [10] No Longer at Ease is the sequel to this novel, in which Okonkwo kills first his adopted son Ikemafuna and later a British messenger, before hanging himself. ANSWER: Things Fall Apart [10] No Longer at Ease and Things Fall Apart were written by this Nigerian author whose other works include Anthills of the Savannah and Arrow of God. ANSWER: Chinua Achebe

14) Answer some questions about the tribulations of King Midas, for 10 points each. [10] Midas once offered hospitality to Silenus, this figure's mentor, before returning him to Lydia. This figure was so pleased, he offered Midas whatever boon he wished. ANSWER: Dionysus [accept Bacchus] [10] Silenus had gotten drunk and passed out in a grove of these plants belonging to Midas. Midas was famous for keeping these plants near his palace. ANSWER: Rose bushes or Rose garden [10] Once, when Midas was judging a musical contest between Pan and Apollo, Midas cast the sole vote in favor of Pan. The enraged Apollo cursed Midas by giving him this animal's body part. ANSWER: Donkey's ears [prompt on partial answer]

15) They began when the Imperial Administrator of Canton, Lin Tse-hsu began cracking down on smuggling, and went very badly for the Chinese. For 10 points each: [10] Name these two wars fought over the importation of a certain drug. ANSWER: Opium Wars [10] This first of the unequal treaties, which ended the first opium war, ceded sovereignty of Hong Kong to Britain and ports such as Canton were opened to foreign trade. ANSWER: Treaty of Nanking [10] This humiliating treaty, which ended the second opium war, legalized opium in China and allowed Christian missionaries into China. ANSWER: Treaty of Tientsin

16) Since summer is so near and you can practically feel your sunburn start to peel, answer these questions about the Caribbean, FTPE. [10] The second largest Caribbean island and probably the first to hold European colonies, this island is notably for being composed of two nations: the Dominican Republic and Haiti. ANSWER: Hispaniola [Editor's Note: ...admittedly, Haiti is probably not the best vacation spot at the moment.] [10] This Windward island is the most mountainous in all the Caribbean and it is known for two volcanic peaks called the Pitons. Its capital, Castries has a square named after Nobel laureate, Derek Walcott. ANSWER: St. Lucia [10] This member of the Lesser Antilles has wild parakeets and donkeys on its Mount Jamanota.Tourist attractions here include Baby Beach which is known for its reefs and a natural limestone bridge as well as Natural Pool. ANSWER: Aruba

17) This doctrine was outlined by Pope Sixtus IV at the Council of Trent, but it did not become Dogma until 1854. FTPE: [10] Name this Roman Catholic dogma whose name derives from Mary's birth without original sin, but also claims that she lived a completely sinless life. ANSWER: Immaculate Conception [10] This conservative pope, who decreed papal infallibility and fought against Italian unification, made Immaculate Conception dogma in his Ineffibilis Deus. ANSWER: Pope Pius IX [10] This saint created the Immaculata prayer, a prayer of consecration to the Virgin Mary. He was a martyr of charity who sacrificed himself in place of a polish army sergeant at Auschwitz. ANSWER: Saint Maximilian Kolbe

18) Answer some questions about a certain girl author, for 10 points each. [10] In this short story, Armand's wife learns about her ancestry upon the birth of the title child, though the ending hints that is in fact Armand who is part black. ANSWER: Desiree's Baby [10] This American creole author of Desiree's Baby wrote about the sexual awakening of Edna Pontellier in The Awakening. ANSWER: Kate Chopin [10] In this Chopin story, Mrs. Baroda finds herself terribly attracted to her husband's friend Gouvernail. Despite considering herself the title sort of character, she decides to indulge in her fantasies with him. ANSWER: A Respectable Woman

19) It can be used to calculate the angle of total internal reflection. For 10 points each: [10] Name this equation which relates the sin of the angles of incidence and reflection with the a certain value characteristic of each material. ANSWER: Snell's Law [10] This is the dimensionless ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material. It is about one for air, and about one point three three for water. ANSWER: Index of Refraction [prompt on "n"] [10] This set of general equations describes the behavior of plane and perpendicularly polarized light incident on the boundary of two media. Its namesake also lends his name to a type of lens used in lighthouses. ANSWER: Fresnel Equations [accept Augustin-Jean Fresnel or Fresnel lens]

20) Answer some questions about taxes on imports in American history for 10 points each. [10] This tariff, intended to protect New England textiles, incited outrage in the south, culminating in the threat of Nullification in South Carolina ANSWER: Tariff of Abominations [accept tariff of 1828] [10] This 1913 tariff passed under TR was the first to drastically reduce import tariffs, from an average forty one percent to twenty seven percent. ANSWER: Underwood Tariff [10] This tariff, passed in 1930 under Hoover, raised US tariffs above even the previously high levels established by the Fordney-McCumber Act. It didn't cause the Great Depression, but it definitely worsened the situation. ANSWER: Smoot Hawley Tariff