Chapter 5 Social Studies Study Guide KEY

Name______Date______#_____

Lesson 1 Geography of South Asia, pp. 122-127

1. Name the physical features in South Asia (p.124). mountains: Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Hindu Kush, Himalayas, K2, Mt. Everest; islands: Sri Lanka, the Maldives; Deccan Plateau which lies between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal; Indo-Ganges Plain; Ganges Delta; Indian Ocean, Indus River, Ganges River, Brahmaputra River

2. Describe the steps in the formation of this subcontinent. Its plate broke off a huge landmass and collided with a larger plate, which included Europe and Asia. The smaller plate pushed up under the larger plate forming the Himalayas.

3. Explain how the people on the Indo-Ganges Plain farm. The people subsist, or live on, the food they grow. Some trade with other villagers, and they do not sell much of their crops.

4. Name the common industries in South Asia. fishing, farming, clothing and textile manufacturing; island nations export tea, coconuts, fish, and rubber

Lesson 2 India and Persia, pp. 128-134

1. The Harappan culture thrived and spread throughout the Indus River Valley.

2. Describe the Vedas. “Books of Knowledge” that contain Aryan stories and songs, such as Aryan wars among tribes, and contests between gods and humans.

3. What contributions did the Persians make to the Indians? development of roads & trade allowed their culture, technology, and people to spread to the rest of the world

4. A religion, Zoroastrianism, was also brought by the Persians to the people of India.

5. The Mauryan Empire government controlled many aspects of life in the Indian civilization.

Lesson 3 Hinduism, pp. 136-139

1. Why do historians think that Aryan beliefs influenced Hinduism? Hindus sing hymns dedicated to Aryan gods.

2. Describe the main beliefs of Hinduism. A religion of many gods and beliefs, with one universal being, Brahman, that is the source and final destination of everything. Doctrines, or truths, include peaceful living, freedom of thought, respect for nature and animals, becoming one with Brahman, the belief that good and bad actions affect a person’s afterlife, and reincarnation.

3. Describe the caste system. People are born into a lifelong social group, caste, in which people must also marry within, and can only have the job which the caste is qualified.

4. Who is allowed to participate in Hinduism? people in every caste

Lesson 4 Buddhism, pp. 140-143

1. The title Buddha means “Enlightened One.”

2. List the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism. 1. Suffering is part of the life for all people. 2. People suffer because they want so many things in life. 3. If people can free themselves from wanting so many things, they will not suffer. 4. People can free themselves from wants and from suffering by following the Eightfold Path.

3. What tells Buddhists that they should follow the Eightfold Path? Four Noble Truths

4. The Eightfold Path recommends that people develop three qualities: wisdom, morality, and meditation.

Constructed Response: Compare and contrast the beliefs of Hinduism and Buddhism. RACE = 6 points; MUGS = 4 points

R (opening sentence includes the resource/passage title - Chapter 5) 1 point

A (include at least one similarity and one difference) 2 points

C (use text in questions #11 and #15) 2 points

E (concluding sentence could include, This shows… OR This tells me…) 1 point

According to Chapter 5, there are similarities and differences between the beliefs of Hinduism and Buddhism. Both religions are based on truths, originated in India, and spread across Asia. People that practice Hinduism believe that “Brahman is the source and final destination of everything.” Buddhism follows the Four Noble Truths which states “people can follow the Eightfold Path to free themselves.” This shows that although Hinduism and Buddhism both started in India, there are differences between the two religions.