New South Wales House of Assembly Party Data

Document Description

Title: Australian Election Database – New South Wales House of Assembly Party Election Data

ID No. au.anu.assda.ddi.40085

Bibliographic Citation: Sharman, Campbell. Australian Election Data [Computer file]. Perth, W.A. Australian Social Science Data Archives. University of Western Australia, 2010.

Producers: Australian Social Science Data Archive (ASSDA)

Affiliation: The Australian National University

Version: Version 1

Version Date: 2010-03-22

Version Responsibility: Leanne den Hartog, University of Western Australia, Australian Social Science Data Archive

Version Notes:

Study Description

Title: Australian Election Database – Queensland House of Assembly Party Election Data

ID No. au.anu.assda.ddi.40081

Authoring Entity/ Primary Investigator: Campbell Sharman (University of Western Australia)

Other Identifications / Acknowledgements: Colin Hughes, ANU, RSSS Jeremy Moon (University of Western Australia) Joint Principal investigator till 2001.

Bibliographic Citation: Sharman, Campbell. Australian Election Data [Computer file]. Perth, W.A. Australian Social Science Data Archives. University of Western Australia, 2010.

Producers: Australian Social Science Data Archive (ASSDA)

Fundings: Australian Research Council Large Grant, 1995-1997 (with Jeremy Moon: ARC file no. A79532229, ‘Politics and government in the Australian states: A long term comparative study’, $149,146) University of Western Australia (UWA)

National Council for the Centenary of Federation, History and Education Program, Grant, 1999-2001 (with Jeremy Moon: ‘Australian Government and Politics, 1901-2001’, reference no.2/218, $135,000)

New South Wales Premier’s Department, Sesquicentenary of Responsible Government History Project Grant, 2004-2005 (for the provision of a NSW module for the Australian Government and Politics Database)

Date of Production: 2010-03-21

Distributors: Australian Social Science Data Archive (ASSDA) The Australian National University /assda

Contact Persons: Campbell Sharman, University of Western Australia, EMAIL :

Depositor: Campbell Sharman, University of Western Australia

Date of Distribution: 2010-

Date of Deposit: 2010-02-28

Series Statement: Australian Election Data

Version Text: Version 1

Version Date: 2010-03-22 Version Responsibility: Leanne den Hartog, University of Western Australia, Australian Social Science Data Archive

Version Notes:

Study Scope

Keywords: Political Parties, Politicians, Elections

Topic Classification: Politics

Abstract: Summary details of political parties which have won more than 2 percent of the vote or won a seat at any of the general elections, showing their share of votes and seats, and the various electoral forums in which they have run candidates.

Definitions for First Preference votes, Swing and Seats Won by Party are: First preference votes: Percentage of first preference votes won by a party at each election. Preferential voting requires a voter to rank candidates on the ballot paper in the order of the voter's choice. A voter's most preferred candidate is the one against whose name the voter has written '1' on the ballot paper. This candidate represents the voter's first preference vote. This definition also applies to voting under systems of proportional representation. Where a first past the post (plurality) electoral system is used, the first preference vote refers to the number of ticks or crosses gained by each candidate. Swing: Percentage of the change in first preference vote won by a party at a given election when compared with the previous election, expressed as the difference between the percentages first preference vote shares. No swing information is given for parties contesting their first election or who did not contest the last the election.

Seats won by party: the number of seat in the lower house the party holds after the election.

Parties and the Free Trade Party: Parkes took office as leader of the Free Trade Party supported by Ministerialists. For a description and analysis of the style of parliamentary government in 1887 and the emergence of political parties, see P Loveday and A W Martin, Parliament, Factions and Parties: The First Thirty Years of Responsible Government in New South Wales, 1856-1889, (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1966); and P. Loveday, A W Martin and Patrick Weller, 'New South Wales', in P Loveday, A W Martin and R S Parker, (editors), The Emergence of the Australian Party System, pp. 172-248, (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1977 ISBN 0908094035).

In 1889 Dibbs was Premier as leader of the Protectionist Party supported by the Ministerialists, and Parkes won the election as leader of the Free Trade Party, also supported by Ministerialists. For a description and analysis of the style of parliamentary government in this period and the emergence of political parties, see P Loveday and A W Martin, Parliament, Factions and Parties: The First Thirty Years of Responsible Government in New South Wales, 1856-1889, (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1966); and P. Loveday, A W Martin and Patrick Weller, 'New South Wales', in P Loveday, A W Martin and R S Parker, (editors), The Emergence of the Australian Party System, pp. 172-248, (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1977 ISBN 0908094035).

In 1891 Parkes won the election as leader of the Free Trade Party, supported by Ministerialists. For a description and analysis of the style of parliamentary government in this period and the emergence of political parties, see P. Loveday, A W Martin and Patrick Weller, 'New South Wales', in P Loveday, A W Martin and R S Parker, (editors), The Emergence of the Australian Party System, pp. 172-248, (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1977 ISBN 0908094035). 'This was the first election at which Labor candidates stood. A Labor Electoral League had been formed in 1891 and formed branches throughout the colony', see Colin A Hughes and B D Graham, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890-1964, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1968, SBN 708102700), p. 428.

Protectionist Party: 1895 Election: Hughes and Graham list the party as 'Protection-Oppositionists' (including one Independent Protectionist); see Colin A Hughes and B D Graham, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890- 1964, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1968, SBN 708102700), p. 432.

Hughes and Graham (pp. 433-434) assign the votes of Protectionists to the 'Opposition (National Federal)' party while conceding they were primarily Protectionists. For a description and analysis of the style of parliamentary government in this period and the emergence of political parties, see P. Loveday, A W Martin and Patrick Weller, 'New South Wales', in P Loveday, A W Martin and R S Parker, (editors), The Emergence of the Australian Party System, pp. 172-248, (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1977 ISBN 0908094035).

On becoming premier of a minority Protectionist Party and Ministerialists government in 1901, John See and his ministry 'constituted themselves as the Progressive Party' and fought the election under this party label; see Michael Hogan, '1901', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), pp. 1-28 at p.10, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390).

Australian Labor Party: The 1910 election produced the first Australian Labor Party government in New South Wales, and was the first election contested by the Farmers and Settlers Party, a precursor to the Country Party. For a description and analysis of the style of parliamentary government in this period and the emergence of political parties, see P. Loveday, A W Martin and Patrick Weller, 'New South Wales', in P Loveday, A W Martin and R S Parker, (editors), The Emergence of the Australian Party System, pp. 172-248, (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1977 ISBN 0908094035).

Nationalist Party (Nationalists): The split in the Australian Labor Party prompted by disagreements over the introduction conscription to send Australian soldiers to Europe during the First World War, divided the Party in all states except Queensland with major consequences for both state and federal politics. In New South Wales, the new Nationalist Party (Nationalists) was initially a coalition of interests supporting conscription which brought together members of the former Liberal Party, members defecting from the Labor Party, and individuals who were to form the Progressive Party.

Progressive Party: This party broke away from the Nationalists and, while its primary focus concerned the protection of the interests of rural New South Wales, it included members who were suspicious of party politics and favoured increased citizen participation in the political process; see Michael Hogan, '1920', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390), pp. 199- 204 and note Don Aitkin, The Country Party of New South Wales: A Study of Organisation and Survival, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972, ISBN 0708100333).

Nationalist - Progressive Coalition minority government: At the 1922 election, the Progressive Party campaigned as two groups, one led by Wearne as part of a coalition with the Nationalist Party, the other led by Bruxner which campaigned as 'True Blue' Progressives (the entry for the Progressive Party shown in the table above). After the election, the coalition of the Nationalists and the Wearne group of Progressives were short of a majority of seats and relied on the Bruxner Progressives to keep them in office. As the Bruxner Progressives did not form part of the government, the Fuller government's parliamentary support is shown as a minority government; ee Michael Hogan, '1922', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), pp. 235-267, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390).

Nationalist Party and United Australia Party: The circumstances of the Depression led to turmoil in parties of the right as it had in the Labor Party. The Nationalist Party which had lost office in New South Wales at the 1930 election joined the All For Australia League in 1931 to form a new political organization, the United Australia Party, to contest the 1932 election (the party had just won office at the federal election in 1931); see Geoffrey Robinson, '1932', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), pp. 53-103, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), pp. 64-68.

Australian Labor Party and State Labor Party: Former premier and leader of the State Labor Party, Lang, was accepted back into the Australian Labor Party early in 1936, ending the split between State Labor and Federal Labor which had divided Labor support at the New South Wales general elections of 1932 and 1935. Although Lang campaigned at the 1938 election as leader of the Australian Labor Party in New South Wales, tensions remained both within the state branch, and between the state and federal wings of the party. The New South Wales Labor Council was hostile to Lang and supported candidates for an Industrial Labor Party led by R J Heffron at the election; see John McCarthy, '1938', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), pp. 153-156.

State (Hughes-Evans) Labor Party and Independent Labor Party: Although the tensions within the Australian Labor Party had been reduced by McKell replacing Lang as leader of the party in August 1939, other divisions remained. The State (Hughes-Evans) Labor Party represented a left- leaning breakaway group with close links to the Communist Party which endorsed candidates for the 1941 election; see Clune, '1941', pp. 172-174, 182. Another small group of Independent Labor Party candidates represented some dissatisfied rural members of the party, and some who still supported Lang; see David Clune, '1941', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), p. 174, 184-185.

Independent Labor Party: Several former Labor members of the legislative assembly contested the election under the banner of an Independent Labor Party because they had been expelled from the Australian Labor Party for breaking party rules, or had lost preselection for their seats; see David Clune, '1950', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404).pp. 278- 282.

Australian Labor Party: The Australian Labor Party suffered major internal divisions in the 1950s which came to a head in 1955 with a split in some state branches of the Party and the creation of the Anti-Communist Labor Party which was to become the Democratic Labor Party. Premier Cahill achieved in New South Wales 'a temporary halt in hostilities or a papering-over of the cracks until after the election', Frank Frost, '1956', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), p. 327. For an extensive study of this period, see Robert Murray, The Split: Australian Labor in the Fifties, (Melbourne: Cheshire, 1972), particularly ch. 18.

Democratic Labor Party: The Democratic Labor Party was formed in New South Wales in September 1956 as a consequence of the major internal divisions which had beset the Australian Labor Party in the 1950s; see Robert Murray, The Split: Australian Labor in the Fifties, (Melbourne: Cheshire, 1972), particularly ch. 18. Premier Cain worked hard to preserve the unity of the Australian Labor Party in New South Wales and, together with his allies, was able to limit the influence and electoral success of the Democratic Labor Party; see David Clune, '1959', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), pp. 355-380, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), pp. 357-364.

The 1973 election was the only occasion that a Democratic Labor Party candidate won a seat at a lower house general election in Australia. The result (in the electoral district of Gordon) was the consequence of an omission by the sitting Liberal Party MLA and Health Minister A H (Harry) Jago who neglected to submit his nomination papers for the election by the due date (see NSW Legislative Assembly Hansard, 23 September 1997, article 23, p. 326). The Liberal Party gave its support to the Democratic Labor Party candidate, K J Harrold, who won the seat in competition with a Labor Party candidate.

Australian Labor Party and Country Labor: Australian Labor Party candidates in electoral districts outside Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong used the campaign label 'Country Labor', but Country Labor had no separate organization and successful Country Labor candidates sat as members of the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly; for votes and seats won by Country Labor candidates, see Antony Green, 2003 New South Wales Election -- Final Analysis, (Sydney: New South Wales Parliamentary Library Research Service, Background Paper No. 6/03, 2003, ISSN 1325-5142, ISBN 0731317432), p. 3.

Country Party: Shortly after the 1925 election, the then leader of the Progressive Party, Bruxner, presided over the change of name of the party to the Country Party. Bruxner resigned from the party for personal reasons later in 1925, and the Country Party was led by Buttenshaw at the 1927 election; for details, see Kevin Cosgrove, '1927', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), pp. 325-370, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390). and note Don Aitkin, The Country Party of New South Wales: A Study of Organisation and Survival, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972, ISBN 0708100333).

The Country Party joined with 'new state' country movements to run candidates under the name of the 'United Country Party' at the 1932 election; see Geoffrey Robinson, '1932', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404)., pp. 68-70), and Don Aitkin, The Country Party of New South Wales: A Study of Organisation and Survival, pp. 30-35, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972, ISBN 0708100333).

The Country Party's official name at the 1935 and 1938 election was 'United Country Party' although it campaigned under the label 'Country Party'.

The Country Party's official name at this election was 'United Country Party' although it campaigned under the label 'Country Party'; see Christopher Cunneen, '1944', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), pp. 204, 215-216, 232.

National Country Party: The Country Party in New South Wales changed its name to the National Country Party in 1977 (it changed its name again in 1982 to National Party); see Scott Bennett, '1978', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), pp. 175-176.

National Party: The National Country Party changed its name to the National Party in 1982; see Ken Turner, '1984', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), p. 231

Independent Country Party: Some members of the National Party caucus were uncomfortable with dropping the word 'Country' from the Party's name. Bruce Duncan withdrew from the Party and ran successfully as the Independent Country Party candidate for Lismore; Ken Turner, '1984', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), pp. 215-249, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), pp. 231, 244.

Liberal Party: The 1901 election was the first election at which a number of candidates ran under under the party label Liberal Party. For a description and analysis of the style of parliamentary government in this period and the emergence of political parties, see P. Loveday, A W Martin and Patrick Weller, 'New South Wales', in P Loveday, A W Martin and R S Parker, (editors), The Emergence of the Australian Party System, pp. 172-248, (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1977 ISBN 0908094035).

Farmers and Settlers Party: 'All but one of the Farmers and Settlers' candidates had Liberal endorsement.... Following the 1913 election no distinction was made between the two groups who were all regarded as Liberals.' Colin A Hughes and B D Graham, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890-1964, pp. 423-460, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1968, SBN 708102700), p. 441. On the Farmers and Settlers Association and the formation of a country party at this election, see see Michael Hogan, '1913', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), pp. 119-152, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390)., pp. 135-136.

Liberal Party: 'When the Liberal Party was formed to replace the UAP across Australia, the Democratic and Liberal Democratic parties finally merged as the NSW Division of the new party in January 1945', see David Clune, '1947', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), pp. 235-267, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), p. 248, and see also pp. 247-250.

Liberal Party and Country Party: 'The new member for Albury (D G Padman) was elected as a joint Liberal and Country candidate but became a Liberal', see David Clune, '1947', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), pp. 235-267, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404.

Democratic Party (Catholic Federation): The Democratic Party was a Roman Catholic sectarian party strongly opposed by a federation of Protestant groups; for a description of religious issues at this election, see Michael Hogan, '1922', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), pp. 235-267, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390).

Protestant Independent Labor Party: The member elected for this party, Walter Peden Joyce Skelton, had been elected to the assembly in 1922 as an independent; For a comprehensive survey of this election and the preceding period, see Michael Hogan, '1925', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), pp. 269-324, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390).

Communist Party: The Communist Party first fielded candidates at New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections in 1925 and then at most subsequent elections until 1981 but won only a small proportion of the vote. The party has been included in this database for New South Wales because it contested seats at three or more consecutive general elections with more than one candidate.

At the 1956 election it won more than 2 percent of the vote, its highest vote share at New South Wales Assembly elections. For summary information on the role of the Communist Party in New South Wales state politics, consult the indexes of the three volumes of Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), pp. 323-354, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404).

For summary information on the role of the Communist Party in New South Wales state politics, consult the indexes of the three volumes of Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), pp. 269-324, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390).

Australian Party: The Australian Party was set up largely at the instigation of former prime minister W M Hughes, and aimed to appeal to voters whose political views fell between the Nationalists on the right and the Labor Party on the left; see Geoffrey Robinson, '1930', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), pp. 21-23, 48.

Independent United Australia Party: Dissatisfactions within the United Australia Party over the selection of candidates and relations with the Country Party led some members to contest the election under the label of Independent United Australia Party; see David Clune, '1941', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404)., pp. 170-172.

United Australia Party, and Democratic Party: Electoral defeat and internal divisions in the state and federal wings of the United Australia Party led to its collapse after the 1943 federal election and some sections of the party reconstituted themselves as the Democratic Party; see Christopher Cunneen, '1944', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404, '1944', pp. 203-204, 211-215.

Lang Labor Party: Former Labor premier Lang was expelled from the Australian Labor Party in 1943 and '...set about organising a rival party, which was publicly announced in January 1944. Confusingly, he called the new organisation the Australian Labor Party, (qualified in advertisements by the words 'With J.T.Lang, Party Leader'); it was usually referred to as Lang Labor', see Christopher Cunneen, '1944', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), p. 209.

Independents: For information on Independent candidates at the 1944 election see Christopher Cunneen, '1944', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), pp. 216-217.

Two independents were elected at the 1981 election; John Hatton was elected unopposed in the electoral district of South Coast, and Ted Mack defeated the opposition leader and leader of the Liberal Party, Bruce McDonald, in North Shore; see Ken Turner, '1981', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), p. 207.

The number of Independent and unlisted minor parties candidates increased to 44 at the 1984 election, 39 of whom were Independents; see Ken Turner, '1984', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), pp. 215-249, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), pp. 241-243.

There were 82 Independent candidates at the 1988 election (7 being elected) and 7 candidates from unlisted minor parties; see Jim Hagan and Craig Clothier, '1988', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), pp. 251-281, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), pp. 274-275.

At the 1991 election there were 89 Independent candidates and 20 candidates from unlisted minor parties.

At the 1995 election, there were 51 Independent candidates and 72 candidates from unlisted minor parties.

Independents and minor parties: At the 1999 election, there were 73 Independent candidates, 5 of whom were elected, and 180 candidates from 18 unlisted minor parties; see Smith, Against the Machines: Minor Parties and Independents in New South Wales 1910-2006, (Sydney: Federation Press, 2006, ISBN 9781862876231), pp. 395-396, 408.

At the 2003 election, there were 97 Independent candidates (including 2 non-affiliated candidates), 6 of whom were elected, and 174 candidates from 8 unlisted minor parties; see Rodney Smith, 'The New South Wales Election of 22 March 2003', Australian Journal of Political Science, 38 (3) November 2003: 549-556., pp. 554, 556., and Antony Green, 2003 New South Wales Election -- Final Analysis, (Sydney: New South Wales Parliamentary Library Research Service, Background Paper No. 6/03, 2003, ISSN 1325-5142, ISBN 0731317432), p. 3.

At the 2007 election, there were 78 Independent candidates 6 of whom were elected. The voting figures for Independents include 11,586 votes for 8 unaffiliated candidates, none of whom was elected. There were 67 candidates from 5 unlisted minor parties; for details, Antony Green, 2007 New South Wales Election: Final Analysis, (Sydney: New South Wales Parliamentary Library Research Service, Background Paper No. 1/08, 2008, ISSN 1325-5142, ISBN 97818315).

Liberal Democratic Party: As part of the realignment of anti-Labor politics in New South Wales '...a group of disaffected conservatives led by a wealthy timber merchant, Captain Ernest Keith (later Sir Ernest) White, formed the Liberal Democratic Party LDP)'; see Christopher Cunneen, '1944', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), pp. 212-213. National Liberal: A former United Australia Party MLA stood as a National Liberal; see Christopher Cunneen, '1944', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404), p. 214.

Party Organization: At the 1971 election both the Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Party were undergoing significant changes to their organization and leadership; see Don Harwin, '1971', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), pp. 37-69, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), pp. 37-42.

Australia Party: This party was '... a small 'l' Liberal splinter group which attracted significant support on the North Shore', Don Harwin, '1971', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), pp. 37-69, (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), p. 50. For a brief survey of the history and organization of the Australia Party, see Keith Richmond, 'Minor Parties in Australia', pp. 335-375 at pp. 344-351, in Graeme Starr, Keith Richmond and Graham Maddox, Political Parties in Australia, (Richmond, Vic.: Heinemann Educational Australia, 1978, ISBN 0858591782).

Australian Democrats: The Australian Democrats emerged as a centre party immediately preceding the 1977 federal election to capture the support of voters who were dissatisfied with both the Labor and Liberal parties; see Rodney Smith, 'The Australian Democrats in NSW Politics', pp. 213- 233, in John Warhurst (editor), Keeping the Bastards Honest: The Australian Democrats' First Twenty Years, (St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1997, ISBN 1864484209)..

Call to Australia: This party was closely associated with Fred Nile, a publicist for Christian and family values; see Jim Hagan and Craig Clothier, '1988', in Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412), pp. 205-206. The party's main focus was to win seats in the New South Wales Legislative Council, but it also ran candidates for seats in the Legislative Assembly at the 1988, 1991 and 1995 elections.

Greens: At the 1991 election the Greens fielded 8 candidates at this, their first New South Wales Legislative Assembly election.

Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party: This rural based populist party contested the 1999 New South Wales election after winning more than 20 percent of the vote in the June 1998 Queensland Assembly election, and 8 percent of the vote in the October 1998 House of Representatives elections.

One Nation: Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party which endorsed candidates for the 1999 New South Wales Legislative Assembly election, was reorganized and changed its name to One Nation for the 2003 election; it gained 7.53 percent of the vote in 1999, but only 1.28 percent in 2003; see Rodney Smith, 'The New South Wales Election of 22 March 2003', Australian Journal of Political Science, 38 (3) November 2003, p. 554.

Christian Democratic Party: This party was the successor to the Call to Australia party; see Smith, Against the Machines: Minor Parties and Independents in New South Wales 1910-2006, (Sydney: Federation Press, 2006, ISBN 9781862876231), p. 396.

Unity Party: The formation of this party was prompted by the anti-immigrant policies of Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party, and supported multiculturalism and the rights of ethnic communities; see Smith, Against the Machines: Minor Parties and Independents in New South Wales 1910-2006, (Sydney: Federation Press, 2006, ISBN 9781862876231), p. 100.

Election dates are: 11 March 1856, 13 January 1858, 8 June 1859, 6 December 1860, 22 November 1864, 3 December 1969, 13 February 1872, 8 December 1874, 24 October 1877, 18 November 1880, 30 November 1880, 15 October 1882, 16 October 1885, 4 February 1887, 1 February 1889, 17 June 1891, 17 July 1894, 24 July 1895, 27 July 1898, 3 July 1901, 6 August 1904, 10 September 1907, 14 October 1910, 6 December 1910, 6 December 1913, 24 March 1917, 20 March 1920, 25 March 1920, 20 May 1925, 8 October 1927, 25 October 1930, 11 June 1932, 11 May 1935, 25 March 1938, 10 May 1941, 27 May 1944, 3 may 1947, 17 June 1950, 14 February 1953, 3 March 1956, 21 March 1959, 3 March 1962, 1 May 1965, 24 February 1968, 13 February 1971, 17 November 1973, 1 May 1976, 7 October 1978, 19 September 1981, 24 March 1984, 19 March 1988, 25 May 1991, 25 March 1995, 27 March 1999, 22 March 2003, 24 March 2007.

Time Period: 1856 to 2007

Summary Data Description

Dates of Collection:

Countries: New South Wales

Geographic Coverage: New South Wales

Geographic Unit: State

Unit of Analysis: New South Wales House of Assembly

Universe: Seats in the New South Wales House of Assembly (Lower House) and voters in New South Wales.

Field Information

Time Method: Time series

Mode of Data Collection: Compilation or synthesis of existing material

Type of Research Instrument: N/A

Weighting: N/A

Response Rates: N/A

Completeness of Collection Stored: Major Deviations from the Sample Design: N/A

Notes:

Cleaning Operations: Data were checked for missing variable and value labels, out of range values and wild codes, logical inconsistencies and confidentiality.

Processing level: Level 2

Extent of Collection:

Availability Status: N/A

Disclaimer: Use of the material is solely at the user’s risk. The depositor, The Australian National University and the Australian Social Science Data Archive shall not be held responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the material supplied.

Special Permissions Required: N/A Restrictions: The depositor may be informed (by the archive) of use being made of the data, in order to comment on that use and make contact with colleagues of similar interests.

Confidentiality Declaration Required: A copy of the User Undertaking Form must be signed before the data can be accessed. URI /assda/accessing/jsp

Citation Requirement: All manuscripts based in whole or in part on these data should:

(i) identify the data and original investigators by using the recommended bibliographic reference to the data file;

(ii) acknowledge the Australian Social Science Data Archive and, where the data are made available through the Australian Social Science Data Archive by another archive, acknowledge that archive;

(iii) declare that those who carried out the original analysis and collection of the data bear no responsibility for the further analysis or interpretation of them.

Deposit Requirement: In order to assemble essential information about archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about users’ research activities, individuals are required to email ASSDA ([email protected]) with the bibliographic details and, where available, online links to any published work (including journal articles, books or book chapters, conference presentations, theses or any other publications or outputs) based wholly or in part on the material.

Other Study Materials

Australian Politics and Election Database http://elections.uwa.edu.au/

This website has been created by researchers at the University of Western Australia (see Credits) and is intended for anyone who wants to find out general information about Australian parliamentary politics and elections (note the Disclaimer for information displayed on this website).

A description of this website and the database on which it is based can be found in the publication by Campbell Sharman, 'A Web-based Database on Australian Government and Politics', Australian Journal of Political Science, 37(2) July 2002, 347-351.

Related Publications

'A Web-based Database on Australian Government and Politics', Australian Journal of Political Science, 37(2), pp. 347-351, July 2002.

Campbell Sharman, 'A Web-based Database on Australian Government and Politics', Australian Journal of Political Science, 37(2), pp. 347-351, July 2002.

Describes the website and the database.

Australian Politics and Government: The Commonwealth, the States and the Territories

Jeremy Moon and Campbell Sharman (eds), Australian Politics and Government: The Commonwealth, the States and the Territories, (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2003) ISBN 0 521 53205 1 (paperback), 0 521 82507 5 (hardback).

Uncontested Seats and the Evolution of Party Competition: The Australian Case, Party Politics, 9(6) November 2003: 679-702. Sharman, Campbell, 'Uncontested Seats and the Evolution of Party Competition: The Australian Case', Party Politics, 9(6) November 2003: 679-702.

One System or Nine?

Sharman, Campbell and Jeremy Moon, 'One System or Nine?' in Jeremy Moon and Campbell Sharman (editors) Australian Politics and Government: The Commonwealth, the States and the Territories 1901-2001, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, 239-261.

Trading Party Preferences: The Australian Experience of Preferential Voting, in Electoral Studies, 21(4) December 2002: 543-560.

Sharman, Campbell, Anthony M Sayers and Narelle Miragliotta, 'Trading Party Preferences: The Australian Experience of Preferential Voting', Electoral Studies, 21(4) December 2002: 543-560.

Politics at the Margin: Independents and the Australian Political System http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/pubs/occa_lect/transcripts/170502.pdf

Sharman, Campbell, 'Politics at the Margin: Independents and the Australian Political System', Papers on Parliament, No.39, December 2002, Senate Envy and Other Lectures in the Senate Occasional Lecture Series, 2001-2002, 53-69. [Australian Parliament, Department of the Senate]

The Use of Electoral Data for Research into the Australian Political System http://www.eca.gov.au/research/conf_papers.pdf

Sharman, Campbell, 'The Use of Electoral Data for Research into the Australian Political System' in Jane Peace and Janet Taylor (editors), Electoral Research: The Core and the Boundaries, Adelaide: South Australian State Electoral Office, 2000, 22-27.

Use of Electoral Data for Research into the Australian Political System http://www.eca.gov.au/research/conf_papers.pdf

Sharman, Campbell, 'The Use of Electoral Data for Research into the Australian Political System' in Jane Peace and Janet Taylor (editors), Electoral Research: The Core and the Boundaries, Adelaide: South Australian State Electoral Office, 2000, 22-27.

Dealing with Preferences: Preferential Voting and Minor Party Representation in the Australian Commonwealth Parliament since 1949

Sharman, Campbell and Narelle Miragliotta (1999) 'Dealing with Preferences: Preferential Voting and Minor Party Representation in the Australian Commonwealth Parliament since 1949', in John Brookfield (compiler) Proceedings of the 1999 Conference of the Australasian Political Studies Association, Sydney: Department of Government, University of Sydney, volume III, 719-728.

Swings and Roundabouts? Patterns of Voting for the Australian Labor Party at State and Commonwealth Lower House Elections, 1901-96, Australian Journal of Political Science, 33(3) November 1998: 339-354

Sharman, Campbell and Anthony M Sayers, 'Swings and Roundabouts? Patterns of Voting for the Australian Labor Party at State and Commonwealth Lower House Elections, 1901-96', Australian Journal of Political Science, 33(3) November 1998: 339-354.

Electoral and Parliamentary Representation in the Australian States, 1890-1996: Rae's Index as a Measure of Party System Change, Proceedings, Australasian Political Studies Association Conference, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, 29 September to 1 October 1997. Sayers, Anthony M and Campbell Sharman , 'Electoral and Parliamentary Representation in the Australian States, 1890-1996: Rae's Index as a Measure of Party System Change', Proceedings, Australasian Political Studies Association Conference, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, 29 September to 1 October 1997.

Politics in the States

Sharman, Campbell (1997) 'Politics in the States' in Brian Galligan, Ian McAllister and John Ravenhill (editors), New Developments in Australian Politics, Melbourne: Macmillan, 44-67.

Falling From Grace: Non-Established Brokerage Parties and the Weight of Predominance in Canadian Provinces and Australian States

Lusztig, Michael, Patrick James and Jeremy Moon, 'Falling From Grace: Non-Established Brokerage Parties and the Weight of Predominance in Canadian Provinces and Australian States' Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 27(1) Winter 1997: 59-82.

Minority Government in the Australian States

Moon, Jeremy, 'Minority Government in the Australian States: From Ersatz Majoritarianism to Minoritarianism', Australian Journal of Political Science, 30 (Special issue, Consensus Policy-making) 1995: 142-163.

State Government Convergence and Partisanship: A Long-run Analysis of Australian Ministerial Portfolios, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 35(3) September 2002: 589-612

Sayers, Anthony M and Jeremy Moon, 'State Government Convergence and Partisanship: A Long-run Analysis of Australian Ministerial Portfolios, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 35(3) September 2002: 589-612.

References

Title: Colin A Hughes and B D Graham, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890-1964, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1968, SBN 708102700).

First Thirty Years of Responsible Government in New South Wales, 1856-1889

P Loveday and A W Martin, Parliament, Factions and Parties: The First Thirty Years of Responsible Government in New South Wales, 1856-1889, (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1966)

Emergence of the Australian Party System

P. Loveday, A W Martin and Patrick Weller, 'New South Wales', in P Loveday, A W Martin and R S Parker, (editors), The Emergence of the Australian Party System, pp. 172-248, (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, 1977 ISBN 0908094035).

People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales

Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 1 (1901 to 1927), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907390) Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 2 (1930 to 1965), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907404) Michael Hogan and David Clune (editors), The People's Choice: Electoral Politics in 20th Century New South Wales, vol. 3 (1968-1999), (Sydney: Parliament of New South Wales and University of Sydney, 2001, ISBN 0909907412]

New South Wales Election -- Final Analysis

Antony Green, 2003 New South Wales Election -- Final Analysis, (Sydney: New South Wales Parliamentary Library Research Service, Background Paper No. 6/03, 2003, ISSN 1325-5142, ISBN 0731317432), p. 3.

Country Party of New South Wales: A Study of Organisation and Survival

Don Aitkin, The Country Party of New South Wales: A Study of Organisation and Survival, (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972, ISBN 0708100333). Political Parties in Australia

Graeme Starr, Keith Richmond and Graham Maddox, Political Parties in Australia, (Richmond, Vic.: Heinemann Educational Australia, 1978, ISBN 0858591782).

Keeping the Bastards Honest: The Australian Democrats' First Twenty Years

John Warhurst (editor), Keeping the Bastards Honest: The Australian Democrats' First Twenty Years, (St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1997, ISBN 1864484209).

New South Wales Election of 22 March 2003', Australian Journal of Political Science, 38 (3) November 2003, p. 554.

Rodney Smith, 'The New South Wales Election of 22 March 2003', Australian Journal of Political Science, 38 (3) November 2003, p. 554.

Against the Machines: Minor Parties and Independents in New South Wales 1910-2006

Smith, Against the Machines: Minor Parties and Independents in New South Wales 1910-2006, (Sydney: Federation Press, 2006, ISBN 9781862876231), p. 396.