Chapter 8 Section 3

8.3 p.1 Chapter 8 Section 3

“The Coming of War”

 Violations of Neutrality

o Late 1700s – Early 1800s America expands overseas trade

o Barbary Pirates attack merchant ships in Mediterranean

o War ships like the USS Constitution - sent as escorts to protect merchant ships

o Great Britain & France at war in 1803

. Both want to stop U.S. trade with enemy

. Both pass laws to prevent American merchant trade with enemy

. Both capture U.S. ships

o Britain stops American ships

. Search for runaways from the British Navy

. Some Americans taken and forced into British Navy = Impressment

 Embargo Act – 1807

o US reaction to impressments

. Ban trade with all foreign countries

. US ships cannot go to foreign ports

. US ports closed to British ships

. Hurt American merchants – Angered northern states that relied heavily on

. Turns many against Jefferson/Republicans & Federalist Party is

strengthened

 Non-Intercourse Act – 1809

o Replaces the unpopular Embargo Act

o Banned trade only with British & French & their colonies

o Says that the U.S. will resume trade w/ 1st side that stops violating U.S.

neutrality 8.3 p.2  Conflict in the West

o Early 1800s - British & Native Americans argue with US re: land in the N.W.

Territory

. U.S. had gained land in Treaty of Greenville

. Native Americans signed but did not follow the treaty – frustrated!

. British see opportunity to slow American growth

. British give weapons to Native Americans

 Tecumseh – Shawnee Chief - Resists U.S. Settlers

o Good speaker – unites Natives

 Battle of Tippecanoe

o 1810 - Tecumseh meets with William Henry Harrison, Gov. of Indiana Territory

. Urges Tecumseh to follow treaty

o 1811 - Battle of Tippecanoe

. US won – Tecumseh fled to Canada

 Call for War = War Hawks

o Mostly from South and West

o Led by Henry Clay (KY), John C. Calhoun (SC), and Felix Grundy (TN)

o Want to stop British influence with Native Americans

o Want to invade Canada to gain land

 Opposition to War Hawks = New England Federalists

o The British trade restrictions hurt New England’s economy

o Want to renew friendly relations with Britain

o Fear US is not ready for war

 Declaring War

o 1808 – James Madison elected president –lots of pressure!

o 1812 - Congress votes – declare war on Britain

o 1812 – Madison reelected to second term