Review for Final

Name: ______Class: ______Date: ______

REVIEW FOR FINAL CELLS VOCABULARY: -organ, tissue, unicellular, multicellular, DNA, ATP, consumer, producer, prokaryote, centromere, osmosis, mitosis, meiosis

ORGANELLES: -nucleus, cell wall, lysosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall, mitochondria *Make sure you know where each organelle is, what each organelle looks like and what each organelle does (function).

Background Information:

When microscopes were invented, one of the first things people looked at under the microscope was parts of living things. In 1664 a British scientist, Robert Hooke, described his observations using a simple lens (magnifier) of thin slices of cork. He observed the empty cell walls of cork and it reminded him of little cells. This is how cells got their name. Then it was suggested that all plants were composed of cells. All animals consisted of cells also. The cell theory states three things: One, living things are composed of cells. Two, cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Three, all cells come from other cells. A cell is the basic unit of all living things. While they may differ in how complex they are, all have the cell as the basic component where activities of life occur.

1. What are the three parts of the cell theory?

1 Cells are composed of parts (known as organelles), each with a special function that help the cell survive. Here is a summary of a few of the organelles with their functions.

It is also important to know where the organelles are located. Look at the diagram below to observe the location of many organelles.

2 Organisms that consist of just one cell are called unicellular. This means that just one cell must carry out all of the life activities by itself. Examples of unicellular organisms include an amoeba, paramecium and euglena. Organism’s that are multicellular consist of many cells. In these organisms the cells need to specialize (do fewer jobs and often do them better). Examples of multicellular organisms include lions, tigers and bears.

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are different because prokaryotic cells do NOT HAVE a nucleus and eukaryotic cells DO HAVE a nucleus.

In general, in a multicellular organism, cells are organized as cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

In multicellular organisms, different cells perform different tasks. Cells are specialized. A tissue is a group of cells that perform the same function. Tissues are used to cover the body, connect other tissues and organs together, move parts of the body, carry messages to and from parts of the body, store nutrients, and do many other jobs. An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform certain functions. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions. For example, the circulatory system transports materials throughout an organism.

3 2. What is the relationship between your digestive system, stomach, and intestines?

______3. Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells? a. cell wall c. lysosomes b. cell membrane d. vesicle

______4. Different ____ work together in an organ. a. organ systems c. organisms b. tissues d. prokaryotes

______5. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? a. The most basic component of any organism is the cell. b. All cells originate from other cells. c. All cells have a nucleus and a cell membrane. d. All living things are made up of one or more cells.

______6. A person has about 200 different kinds of cells, each specialized to do a particular job. This means that the person a. does not need tissues. c. is multicellular. b. does not need organs. d. is unicellular.

______7. Which of the following is an example of a tissue in your body? a. Blood c. muscle cells b. Fat d. All of the above

______8. Which of the following is an example of an organ? a. a plant leaf c. heart b. stomach d. All of the above

______9. ____ are the basic units of living things. a. Organisms c. Cells b. Tissues d. Organs

4 ______10. The heredity material in a cell is a. DNA. c. ATP. b. ER. d. cytoplasm.

______11. ____ is what makes chloroplasts green. a. A chromatid c. Cholesterol b. Chlorophyll d. A chromosome

____ 12. The human body's largest organ is the skin. lungs. intestines. heart.

____13. The first person to discover and name "the tiny boxes" seen under a crude compound microscope as cells was looking at a slice of cork. leaf from a fern. piece of skin. feather.

____14. Why is an elephant larger than a human? It has larger cells than a person does. It has a larger surface-to-volume ratio of its cells than a person does. It has more cells than a person does. None of the above

____ 15. When compared to a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has more types of organelles. has DNA that is linear rather than circular. stores its DNA in a nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm. All of the above

____ 16. If an animal cell did not have lysosomes, it would NOT be able to control the production of proteins. make food using sunlight. digest wastes and foreign matter. All of the above

5 17. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

18. Explain Osmosis.

Special NOTE: There will be diagrams of BOTH a plant cell and an animal cell