NOTES- Classifying Life-5Th Grade Ch

NOTES- Classifying Life-5 th Grade Ch. 1 Lesson 2

 Organized Kitchen  Look and Wonder p. 32  Shoe Activity- have volunteers take off one shoe. Describe shoe and list on board. Classify shoes into different groups. (p.32)

 Classification- the science of finding patterns. Helps scientists identify, study, group, and name organisms.  Classification systems used today groups organisms into six major groups called kingdoms.  Kingdom- the broadest group into which an organism is classified.  Kingdoms are grouped by internal form and structure. Comparing cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.  SUBGROUPS-phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.  Species- the narrowest group into which an organism is classified.  Species contains organisms that are very closely related. EX: horse and pony.

 ANIMAL KINGDOM  Animals and plants are the only two kingdoms that are multicellular.  Fungi and protists have both unicellular and multicellular species.  Animals do not make their own food, plants can.  Structure of cells. (Cell wall in plants)  Animals are capable of moving around, plants only move when carried by wind, water, or animals.  11 phylas and 2 major groups.  Vertebrate- animal with a backbone.  Invertebrate- animal without a backbone.  Invertebrates include mollusks, echinoderms, and arthropods.  Vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata. (Chordates)  Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.  5,000 identified mammals. 10% of vertebrate group.

 Plants and Fungi have cell walls.  Cannot move from place to place and do not have true sense organs.

 PLANT KINGDOM  350,000 species.  Multicellular and make their own food.  Two major groups- Vascular and Nonvascular.  Vascular-“contains tubes or vessels.”  Nonvascular-do not have vascular tissue.  Vascular plants carry water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves.  EX: Flowering plants, ferns, and pine trees.  Nonvascular plants are much small than vascular plants.  They remain small and close to the ground where they soak up water directly.  EX: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

 FUNGUS KINGDOM  Fungi must get food from other organisms.  Most get energy by breaking down dead or decaying plants and animals.  Live in almost any dark and wet place (i.e. a basement)  Mold grows on bread, fruit, or other food.  Can grow on the human body causing itchy ailments (i.e. Athlete’s foot)  Many fungi are used by humans.  Yeast makes bread rise.  Original source of antibiotics.

 BACTERIA KINGDOM  Tiny unicellular organism.  Single cell with no nucleus.  Lack membrane-covered organelles, such as mitochondria.  Two kingdoms-“true” and “ancient” bacteria.  “True” bacteria are found everywhere.  “Ancient” bacteria are descended from the oldest living organisms on Earth.  Some bacteria are helpful.  Helps cows digest grass.  Helps termites break down wood.  Helps humans break down food and produce vitamin K.

 PROTIST KINGDOM  Unicellular organisms.  Unicellular or Multicellular organism that either make their own food or eat other organisms.  Much larger than bacteria.  Have a central nucleus and other organelles.  Have a simple body structure and lack specialized tissues.  EX: algae, amoebas, and slime molds.  There are plantlike, animal-like, and fungilike protists.

 VIRUSES  Viruses bridge the gap between the living and the nonliving.  They seem alive, but scientists believe they are nonliving.  Cannot be classified in any of the six kingdoms because they do not carry out all the basic processes of life.  Only carry out one process which is reproduction.  Enter body of a living thing, take over some of its cells, and cause the organism to get sick.  EX: Common cold, chicken pox, polio, and HIV-AIDS.  Sneezing and coughing send cold viruses from one person to another.  Once inside the body, o Virus attaches itself to a cell. o Takes control of the cell activities. o “Orders” the cell to produce more viruses.  Over time the cell becomes filled with virus particles and it burst open.  Virus can then invade other cells, causing infection and disease.