Subject: Earth Science Grade Level: 9 Unit Title: Lithosphere

Subject: Earth Science Timeframe Needed for Completion: 16 days Grade Level: 9 Unit Title: Lithosphere Grading Period: 1st Nine weeks Big Idea/Theme: Lithosphere

Understandings:  Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere  Understand how human influences impact the lithosphere.

Essential Skills: Objectives: EEn.2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and EEn.2.1.1 earthquakes impact the lithosphere. • Explain the rock cycle in enough detail to relate the cycling of EEn.2.1.2 Predict the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes, and faults materials- formation and destruction of the three major rock based on information contained in a variety of maps. types to the forces responsible: physical and chemical EEn.2.1.3 Explain how natural actions such as weathering, erosion (wind, weathering, heat and pressure, deposition, foliation and water and gravity), and soil formation affect Earth’s surface. bedding. The forms of energy that drive the rock cycle include EEn.2.1.4 Explain the probability of and preparation for geohazards such heat and mechanical (gravitational potential) energy. as landslides, avalanches, earthquakes and volcanoes in a • Explain how various mechanisms (mantle convection, ridge particular area based on available data push, gravity pull) drive movement of the lithospheric plates. EEn.2.2.1 Explain the consequences of human activities on the • Infer the relationship between the type of plate boundary and lithosphere (such as mining, deforestation, agriculture, the locations of various features such as ocean trenches, overgrazing, urbanization, and land use) past and present. mountain ranges and mid-ocean ridges. (Relate to the EEn.2.2.2 Compare the various methods humans use to acquire development of the theory of plate tectonics and geologic traditional energy sources (such as peat, coal, oil, natural gas, time.) nuclear fission, and wood). • Compare magma and lava. Locate volcanoes and relate back to plate boundaries. Explain volcanic effects on the Essential Vocabulary: lithosphere and relate back to plate boundaries (convergent, avalanche divergent, transform) including lahar (mud) flows and ash in barrier island the atmosphere. chemical weathering • Describe the anatomy of an earthquake. Locate earthquakes – deforestation epicenter and focal point – and relate to different types of deposition plate boundaries. Explain how the release of energy of earthquake various types of earthquakes relates to magnitude, and P and epicenter S waves. erosion • Summarize the major events in the geologic history of North fault Carolina and the southeastern United States. Explain how focal point current geologic landforms developed such as Appalachian foliation Mountains, fall zone, shorelines, barrier islands, valleys, river lahar flows basins, etc. using the geologic time scale. landslide • Explain how processes change sea-level over time—long- and lithosphere short- term. Infer the effects on landforms such as shorelines magnitude and barrier islands. mantle convection mid ocean ridge EEn.2.1.2 normal fault • Infer the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes and faults nuclear fission (strike-slip, reverse and normal) from soil, geologic and ocean trench topographic map studies. (Relate fault locations/types to plate p waves boundaries.) physical weathering • Make predictions based on data gathered over time in plate tectonics conjunction with various maps. reverse fault river basin EEn.2.1.3 rock cycle • Recall that soil is the result of weathering of rocks and s waves includes weathered particles: sand, silt and clay. sinkhole • Explain differences in chemical and physical weathering and soil how weathering rates are affected by a variety of factors strike slip fault including climate, topography and rock composition. tsunami • Compare erosion by water, wind, ice, and gravity and the volcano effect on various landforms. weathering EEn.2.1.4 Essential Questions: • Conclude the best location for various types of development 1. How has plate movement caused changes in the positions and shapes of to reduce impacts by geohazards and protect property. earth’s masses? • Explain precautions that can be made to protect life from 2. How do human activities affect the lithosphere? various geohazards and include meteorological hazards. 3. How is data analysis used to prevent hazards to human? Some examples include landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, 4. Why is the internal heat of the earth so important? sinkholes, groundwater pollution, and flooding. 5. When is erosion helpful? EEn.2.2.1 • Explain the need for and consequences of various types of land use such as urbanization, deforestation and agriculture. • Explain ways to mitigate detrimental human impacts on the Lithosphere and maximize sustainable use of natural resources. • Explain the effects of human activity on shorelines, especially in development and artificial stabilization efforts. • Explain the effects of human activity on mountainsides, especially in development and artificial stabilization efforts.

EEn.2.2.2 Compare the methods of obtaining energy resources: harvesting (peat and wood), mining (coal and uranium/plutonium), drilling (oil and natural gas) and the effect of these activities on the environment.

Note: Link to EEn.2.8.1 and explore alternative energy technologies to get a more complete picture of possible sources of energy for human use.

Resources Needed: Suggested Activities: www.phschool.com (CJK-9999) Cornell notetaking www.SciLinks.org Quizzes cjn-3081 earthquakes Writing prompt: How can people contribute to mass www.wiseowl.org movement? SAS Curriculum Pathways Write a Rock Cycle story. www.Learn360.com Construct a cycle diagram of the rock cycle. http://www.epa.gov/teachers/teachresources.htm (teaching resources) What Causes Weathering lab (Prentice Hall) http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/geology/geology.html Interpreting a Glacial Landscape Lab ( Prentice Hall) http://college.cengage.com/geology/resources/geologylink/fieldtrips/natrips.html Measuring the Distance to Epicenters Lab (Prentice http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/FieldTrips/Trips.html Hall) http://www.geologyshop.co.uk/disast~1.htm Writing Prompt: Watch the video clip of the recent Earthquake in Japan. Pretend that you have just experienced the events related to the earthquake. You call one family member in the United States to share your experience. Give me a written detailed report of that phone conversation. Writing Prompt: What would happen if the earth’s core cooled overnight? Locating an Earthquake Lab (Prentice Hall) Model the processes of plate motion. Where Are Volcanoes Located lab (Prentice Hall) Glacier Erosion teacher demo. (P. Hall) Webquest-Where do you Feel Safer? Anatomy of an Earthquake video (Learn 360) Avalanches video (Learn 360) Earth Revealed Classroom Adaptation-Weathering (Learn 360) Notes: Webquest can be found at phschool.com