Kingdom Plantae Test Review Pre-AP Spring 2008

Due Date ______Name______Per_____ Plant Notes Pre-Unit Study Guide Use your copy of the Plant Notes (and can also use textbook, if desired) to complete this.

Plant Notes—Chapter 20: Plant Diversity (notes pages 1-4)

1. Plants are in Domain ______and Kingdom ______

2. What are the 4 major adaptations that plants need to evolve to live on land (be terrestrial) instead of in water (be aquatic)?

3. What characteristics do plants have that place them in their domain and kingdom?

4. Cell Structures a. What structures/organelles do plant cells and animal cells have in common?

b. What structures/organelles do plant cells possess that animal cells do not? (see diagram in Plant notes)

c. What structures/organelles do animal cells possess that plant cells do not?

5. Vascular means that the plant has tissues to transport substances. These tissues include xylem and phloem. Since bryophytes (like moss) are nonvascular, what does that mean they do not have? ______Since tracheophytes (like roses, oak trees, grass) are vascular plants, what does that mean they do have? ______

6. Moss is an example of a bryophyte, which like all bryophytes, is very small. Remember it is nonvascular. Why do you think it is significant that these plants are small (not tall)?

7. Ferns are seedless vascular plants that reproduce with ______. Gymnosperms and angiosperms are vascular plants that reproduce with seeds.

8. What is the purpose/function of a seed?

9. What are some advantages of seeds?

10. ______like pine trees, cypress trees, and fir trees have their seeds in cones. Angiosperms like oak trees and orange trees are plants that produce flowers and then the seeds that are enclosed in and protected by some type of ______.

11. What is the overall purpose of a flower on an angiosperm plant?

1 Plant Notes—Chapter 21: Plant Structure and Function (notes pages 5-8)

12. The three main organs of plants are ______, ______, and ______

13. The three types of tissue making up these three organs are a. ______tissue - covers the outside of the plant b. ______tissue - stores and supports the plant as well as providing a place for photosynthesis c. ______tissue – consists of the tubes and vessels

14. The tubes that carry things in plants are called xylem and phloem. They are referred to as vascular tissue of a plant. a. X______transports ______up the plant from the ______to the shoots (stem, leaves, etc.). b. Why do you think the water that the xylem transports starts in the roots?

c. P______transports ______from the leaves to the rest of the plant; it carries these sugars wherever it is needed. d. Why do you think the sugar that the phloem transports starts in the leaves?

15. What are the functions of plant stems? ______, ______, and ______

16. What is the process that is the main force for the movement of fluids through the xylem? ______; The other three forces that are responsible for the movement of fluids through the xylem are ______, ______, and absorption.

17. What are the main functions of roots?

18. Root ______increase the surface area of the roots, which increases the absorption of water.

19. New cells are produced in the zone of cell division in the root. This is also called the ______. This growing tip is protected by the root ______.

20. What organisms convert nitrogen into a form that plants can use? ______

21. Plants and animals need this fixed nitrogen to make which molecules?

22. What important functions do leaves do for plants?

23. The waxy covering is an important adaptation for land dwelling plants. Why is having a waxy covering (cuticle) important for a plant?

24. The stomata were also an important development/adaptation for the plants’ transition to land. What is the purpose of the stomata/stoma in the leaves of a plant?

2 25. The layer of the leaf where photosynthesis takes place is called the mesophyll. The mesophyll is made up of the ______layer where the majority of photosynthesis takes place as well as the ______layer, which connects to the stomata.

Plant Notes—Chapter 22: Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response (notes pages 9-11)

26. Label the flower.

27. Which parts of the flower are considered to be “female”? Which parts are considered to be “male”?

28. Eggs/ovules are found in the ______of the plant. Sperm are found in grains of ______.

29. What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?

Which must happen first? ______

30. The three primary ways that seeds are spread is through ______, ______, and ______

31. The chemical messengers that cause tropisms as a result of their secretions are known as ______.

32. Tropisms are plant responses to an environmental stimulus and are named based on the stimulus. a. ______is the growth of a plant toward light b. ______is a response to touch, such as a vine climbing a wall. c. ______is a response to gravity.