Political Science 4820 Spring 2011

Political Science 4820 – Spring 2011 Comparative Foreign Policy

Instructor: Dr. Marijke Breuning Office: Wooten Hall 153 Office Phone: 940-369-8116 E-Mail: [email protected] Office Hours: MW 11:00am-12:00noon, MW 3:00-4:00pm, and by appointment. E-mail anytime with questions.

COURSE OBJECTIVES The foreign policies of countries – whether large and powerful, small and weak, or somewhere in between – drive the course of world history. At times, countries and their leaders have pursued wise policies that have yielded peace and prosperity. Yet at other times they have made choices that have been destructive of both. The central question that drives the study of foreign policy is the quest to understand not just why leaders make the choices they do, but also what domestic and international forces compel them to make their choices. Decision making is studied by historians, economists, psychologists, political scientists and other disciplines, both inside and outside the social sciences. The study of foreign policy decision making, while conceptually and theoretically integrated with the study of decision making more generally, faces additional challenges: data about foreign policy decisions, either of our own country or other states, is often less easily available. Hence, understanding why leaders of other states make the decisions they do, what security threats we face, and what strategy is most appropriate to counteract such problems is less straightforward than in more mundane decision making situations. In this course, the focus is on understanding foreign policy making in comparative perspective. The investigation will focus not only on leaders, but also on the foreign policy bureaucracy and other aspects of the domestic and international environments that affect foreign policy making. The first part of the course will focus on theoretical and conceptual approaches, the second will review a series of country studies to provide you with a comparative perspective on the foreign policies of different (types of) countries.

STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND EVALUATION Students are expected to: complete reading assignments on time, attend and participate in class, and to take the examinations at the scheduled time. All written assignments are due at the start of class, on the day noted in this syllabus. As a courtesy to your fellow students (and the instructor), plan to arrive on time, shut off cell phones and other electronic devices, and remain in the classroom for the duration of the class. Your attendance and participation will be monitored and factored into your grade. If you are absent because of university-sponsored and/or educational activities, provide the instructor with written confirmation of the reason for your absence.

1 If you cannot meet a deadline or cannot be present for an exam, you should contact the instructor prior to the date the work is due or the exam is to take place. My e-mail and office phone are listed at the top of this syllabus. I prefer e-mail, which I check regularly even when away from campus. If you leave a phone message, be aware it may not reach me as quickly as an e-mail message, and please include your name and a number where I can reach you. Unless you have reached prior agreement with the instructor, the following rules apply: No late assignments will be accepted. No make-up examinations will be given. The course grade will be determined on basis of the following:

Exam 1 25 Paper 1: Summary of Theoretical Framework 10 Paper 2: Research Paper 30 Exam 2 25 Class Attendance and Participation 10

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS – STATEMENT OF ADA COMPLIANCE The Political Science Department cooperates with the Office of Disability Accommodation to make reasonable accommodations for qualified students with disabilities. Please present your written accommodation request on or before the sixth class day (beginning of the second day of classes).

REQUIRED TEXTS Breuning, Marijke. 2007. Foreign Policy Analysis: A Comparative Introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Beasley, Ryan K., Juliet Kaarbo, Jeffrey S. Lantis, and Michael T. Snarr, eds. 2002. Foreign Policy in Comparative Perspective: Domestic and International Influences on State Behavior. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

COURSE OUTLINE week 1 (1/19, 1/21): I. Introduction to the Course

II. What is Foreign Policy Analysis? Breuning, Ch1 week 2 (1/24, 1/26, 1/28): III. Theories and Concepts A. Leadership: the Role of Individuals, Rationality and Reasoning Breuning, Ch2and Ch3 week 3 (1/31, 2/2, 2/4): C. Advisors and the Bureaucracy Breuning, Ch4 week 4 (2/7, 2/9, 2/11): D. Domestic Context Breuning, Ch5 2 week 5 (2/14, 2/16, 2/18): E. International Context Breuning, Ch6 week 6 (2/21, 2/23, 2/25):

Exam 1: Monday, February 21

IV. Country Cases Britain (2/23, 2/25) White, Brian. 2002. “British Foreign Policy: Continuity and Transformation.” In Beasley et al. week 7 (2/28, 3/2, 3/4): France (2/28, 3/2) Kramer, Steven Philip. 2002. “French Foreign Policy: The Wager on Europe.” In Beasley et al.

Germany (3/4) Lantis, Jeffrey S. 2002. “The Evolution of German Foreign Policy.” In Beasley et al. week 8 (3/7, 3/9, 3/11): Germany, continued (3/7)

Japan (3/9, 3/11) Miyashita, Akitoshi. 2002. “Japanese Foreign Policy: The International – Domestic Nexus.” In Beasley et al.

Spring Break (3/14 – 3/18): week 9 (3/21, 3/23, 3/25): Israel (3/21, 3/23) Drake, Laura. 2002. “Continuity and Change in Israeli Foreign Policy.” In Beasley et al.

Brazil (3/25) Tollefson, Scott D. 2002. “Brazil: The Emergence of a Regional Power.” In Beasley et al.

PAPER 1 DUE: Friday, March 25 week 10 (3/28, 3/30, 4/1): Brazil, continued (3/28)

Russia (3/30, 4/1) D’Anieri, Paul. 2002. “Russian Foreign Policy: Continuity, Revolution, and the Search for Status.” In Beasley et al. week 11 (4/4, 4/6, 4/8): India (4/4, 4/6) 3 Pavri, Tinaz. 2002. “Indian Foreign Policy: From Consensus to Disarray.” In Beasley et al.

China (4/8) Ripley, Brian. 2002. “China: Defining Its Role in the Global Community.” In Beasley et al. week 12 (4/11, 4/13, 4/15): China, continued (4/11)

Mexico (4/13, 4/15) Snarr, Micheal T. 2002. “Mexico: Balancing Sovereignty and Interdependence.” In Beasley et al. week 13 (4/18, 4/20, 4/22): Nigeria (4/18, 4/20) Babarinde, Olufemi A., and Stephen Wright. 2002. “Leadership and Ambition in Nigerian Foreign Policy.” In Beasley et al.

South Africa (4/22) Grundy, Kenneth W. 2002. “South African Foreign Policy: A New Regime in a New World Order.” week 14 (4/25, 4/27, 4/29): South Africa, continued (4/25)

Iran (4/27, 4/29) Hoyt, Paul D. 2002. “The Changing Character of Iranian Foreign Policy.” In Beasley et al.

PAPER 2 DUE: Friday, April 29 week 15 (5/2, 5/4): Comparisons and Conclusions Beasley, Ryan K., and Michael T. Snarr, “Domestic and International Influences on Foreign Policy: A Comparative Perspective.” In Beasley et al.

Breuning, Ch7

Finals week (5/9-5/13):

EXAM 2: Monday, 5/9, 1:30am – 3:30pm

4 UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS – ACADEMIC INTEGRITY (See UNT Policy 18.1.16 at http://www.unt.edu/policy/UNT_Policy/volume3/18_1_16.pdf)

I. Categories of Academic Dishonesty A. Cheating. The use of unauthorized assistance in an academic exercise, including but not limited to: 1. use of any unauthorized assistance to take exams, tests, quizzes or other assessments; 2. dependence upon the aid of sources beyond those authorized by the instructor in writing papers, preparing reports, solving problems or carrying out other assignments; 3. acquisition, without permission, of tests, notes or other academic materials belonging to a faculty or staff member of the University; 4. dual submission of a paper or project, or re-submission of a paper or project to a different class without express permission from the instructor; 5. any other act designed to give a student an unfair advantage on an academic assignment. B. Plagiarism. Use of another’s thoughts or words without proper attribution in any academic exercise, regardless of the student’s intent, including but not limited to: 1. the knowing or negligent use by paraphrase or direct quotation of the published or unpublished work of another person without full and clear acknowledgement or citation. 2. the knowing or negligent unacknowledged use of materials prepared by another person or by an agency engaged in selling term papers or other academic materials. C. Forgery. Altering a score, grade or official academic university record or forging the signature of an instructor or other student. D. Fabrication. Falsifying or inventing any information, data or research as part of an academic exercise. E. Facilitating Academic Dishonesty. Helping or assisting another in the commission of academic dishonesty. F. Sabotage. Acting to prevent others from completing their work or willfully disrupting the academic work of others.

II. Available Academic Penalties The following academic penalties may be assessed at the instructor’s discretion upon determination that academic dishonesty has occurred. Admonitions and educational assignments are not appealable. A. Admonition. The student may be issued a verbal or written warning. B. Assignment of Educational Coursework. The student may be required to perform additional coursework not required of other students in the specific course. C. Partial or no credit for an assignment or assessment. The instructor may award partial or no credit for the assignment or assessment on which the student engaged in academic dishonesty, to be calculated into the final course grade.

5 PAPER ASSIGNMENTS

The two papers for this course are linked assignments. The two assignments are graded as independent units. However, the first paper is essentially a draft of the first half of the second paper. You are expected to revise that part as you work towards the complete, second paper. The feedback on the first paper is intended to help you to produce a better research paper for the course.

Option 1: Leader Profile  You may select a leader of a state or other high level policy maker for this profile.

Option 2: Case Study of Foreign Policy Decision  Select a situation that required policy makers to make a decision or to act.

For both options, you may not select a decision maker or a situation from U.S. foreign policy. You are encouraged to select a decision maker or case study from a country that is not discussed as part of the course syllabus. In all cases, you must check that sufficient resources can be found in the university library’s collections to complete the assignment before making a decision regarding your subject. If you wish or need help choosing a leader or case study, you should speak with the course instructor. If at any time during the process of writing the papers you have questions about how to proceed, be sure to ask your instructor. This is a challenging assignment! Plan ahead and ask for help along the way.

Paper 1: Introduction, Literature, Theory/Question In this paper, you summarize and explain a specific theoretical framework. The various approaches to studying leaders, advisors, the impact of legislatures on foreign policy, or other domestic or international factors are all acceptable. Review the syllabus for ideas. Use the text and readings to guide you to additional literature in your chosen theoretical approach. Review the journal articles not only for content, but also to understand how to structure a review of the literature in a specific area of study. End this paper with a short statement that specifies the case you will explore in the research paper. Explain why and how this case is either illustrative of the principles elaborated by the theoretical framework or tests propositions derived from the framework. (This need not be more than a few sentences at the end of the paper.)

Components of the first paper: 1. Introduction a. Concisely introduce the topic and the question that motivates your paper. 2. Literature a. For option 1: start with the literature discussed in Breuning, Ch2. i. You are expected to go and read the articles, chapters, and books cited in this chapter, not just paraphrase from the text! b. For option 2: start with the literature discussion in Breuning, Ch3, 4, 5, 6, as appropriate to your case study. i. You are expected to go and read the articles, chapters, and books cited in this chapter, not just paraphrase from the text! c. Supplement the articles, chapters, and books you found through the citations in your textbook with additional, relevant literature. i. If you need help identifying appropriate material, see your instructor! 3. Question a. What, specifically, do you hope to discover about the leader or the case study?

6 Paper 2: Research Paper Include the revised theoretical framework as the first part of the second paper. The second part of the paper is the fully developed leader profile or case study. The purpose of the profile or case study is to test the theory, or to confirm whether the explanations offered by the existing literature hold for your leader or case. You must structure the case study to show how the theory informs your approach to the subject. Next, you must evaluate how well the theory helps you understand or evaluate the case. The case study portion of the paper will require different types of sources than those used in the theoretical portion. Here, you may use news sources, biographies, historical narratives, etc. Better papers will use multiple sources to check facts found in one source against information provided by other sources – and cite all of those sources!

Components of the second paper: 1. Introduction (revised from paper 1) a. Concisely introduce the topic and the question that motivates your paper. 2. Literature (revised from paper 1) a. For option 1: start with the literature discussed in Breuning, Ch2. i. You are expected to go and read the articles, chapters, and books cited in this chapter, not just paraphrase from the text! b. For option 2: start with the literature discussion in Breuning, Ch3, 4, 5, 6, as appropriate. i. You are expected to go and read the articles, chapters, and books cited in this chapter, not just paraphrase from the text! c. Supplement the articles, chapters, and books you found through the citations in your textbook with additional, relevant literature. i. If you need help identifying appropriate material, see your instructor! 3. Question and Strategy (revised from paper 1) a. In addition to your research question, you now explain your plan for conducting your leader profile or case study. For both options: i. List the type of information you employ and the sources from which you will derive it. ii. Explain how you will use the information. Will you use the information to answer a set of questions? Will you use the information to reconstruct a narrative of what happened? Be as specific as possible to explain how you plan to evaluate information, arrive at assessments, and draw conclusions. 4. Leader profile or case study, depending on the option chosen. a. Be careful to follow the plan you constructed for yourself in the previous section. 5. Conclusion. a. Revisit your research question and explain what you have learnt as a result of doing this research. b. Your conclusion should include two distinct elements: i. What have you learnt about the leader or the case? ii. What have you learnt about the literature? Does your case confirm what others have found? Fully, in part, or not at all? Why do you think this is the case?

Research and Sources A. You must use a variety of sources for this paper. These sources must be varied in type (as enumerated below) and in terms of viewpoint. You must present sources that reflect a variety of different viewpoints and factual information must be checked against alternative sources as well. In short, you must assess the quality, veracity, and completeness of your sources before deciding to use them! B. You must have at least 10 sources in the completed paper (i.e. paper 2), but preferably more. Papers which use the minimum number of sources are generally average (i.e. “C” range). 7 C. You must cite your sources meticulously. This means: every fact and every assertion must be attributed to a source. D. Your own analysis and judgments must be clearly grounded in your research. I.e. your analysis must clearly build on the information derived from your sources. It should also be clear what comes from sources and what is your own assessment. E. You reference list may include web based sources, but you should not rely on web-based sources exclusively. Make sure you consult scholarly journals, books or book chapters. For this paper, newspaper and/or newsmagazine articles may also be appropriate. F. When using web-based sources, investigate them for reliability and trustworthiness, as well as potential bias – irrespective of whether you agree or disagree with the source. Personal webpages, blogs, etc, are not acceptable sources! G. The sources listed in the bibliography must all be cited in the text. And, conversely, all sources cited in the text must be in the bibliography.

Format A. Paper 1 should be about 5-7 pages long. Paper 2 should be about 15 pages long. Write for content, not to fill the requisite number of pages. B. Use a separate title page and include your name, the course the paper was written for, the semester you wrote it, etc. The APA style guide mentioned below has examples. C. Use an in-text citation style, such as APA or APSA. There should also be a bibliography at the end of the paper, which also uses APA or APSA style. A good and accessible guide to APA style is the OWL at Purdue, see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ D. Remember that you must provide page numbers for all direct quotes. For what to do when you are quoting from an electronic source that does not provide page numbers, see http://www.apastyle.org/electext.html E. The use of subheadings to organize the paper is highly recommended. F. Contrary to the APA style guide, you do not need to provide an abstract. G. Start your bibliography on a new page. Bibliographies should contain only those works actually cited or referenced in the text. H. Number your pages. I. Edit your paper. Check for any spelling or grammatical errors. Do not rely exclusively on your software’s built-in spellchecker to catch your errors! J. Double space the text. Use an acceptable font size, such as Times New Roman 12 pt. Use reasonable margins, such as 1 inch on all sides. K. Staple your paper in the upper left-hand corner. L. Do not hand in folders, plastic covers, paper clips.