Starts Under Eisenhower (1954) When the French Pull Out, Begins in the Form of Financial Aid

Vietnam

-starts under Eisenhower (1954) when the French pull out, begins in the form of financial aid

- under JFK, sent military advisors

-escalated under LBJ in part due to Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (allowed US to fight war without

declaration from congress)

1968- TET offensive causes most Americans not to support the war

-Nixon officially pulls US troops out in 1973

-Vietnam officially falls in 1975 Under Ford

President's with programs

-Teddy Roosevelt- Square Deal- programs to protect consumers (anti-trust laws, pure food and

drug act)

-FDR- New Deal- programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform during depression (social

security, FDIC, AAA, WPA)

-Truman- Fair Deal- programs aimed at providing economic relief and civil rights (civil rights act,

desegregation of military)

-LBJ- Great Society- programs aimed at fixing poverty (Medicare, Head start)

-Nixon- détente – relaxing tension with communists

-Reagan- Supply side economics- tax cuts for businesses labor unions

unions are not very liked and often associated with radical thoughts such as communism,

socialism, anarchism, etc (so every time we hated communists, we also hated unions)

1890’s several severe strikes (Homestead, Pullman, PA Coal workers)

Knights of Labor- first real significant labor union (led by Terence Powderly), allowed unskilled

workers, was radical, died out after Haymarket square bombing

American Federation of Labor- led by Samuel Gompers, organized only skilled workers, relatively mild

Industrial Workers of the World- more radical group that wanted to unite all workers of the

world into one class without wages, they were damaged by the red scares because they

were extremely radical

Congress of industrial Organizations- unions of unskilled workers that joined and then split away

from the AFL

Wagner Act- also known as the National Labor Relations Act- gave unions the power to organize

and collectively bargain (1935)

Taft-Hartley Act-prohibited unfair labor practices including some types of strikes and closed

shop hiring (1947)

farming issues

after the civil war, farming slowly changes—it becomes more diverse, and more technologically

advanced

farmers are typically individualistic and take a while to organize

farmers can only compete with each other by lowering prices, this puts them in debt

they like inflation –g reenbacks and the use of silver

form the Farmer’s Alliance- Greenback Labor Party- Populist party

dislike the corruption with the railroads depression politics

causes - overspending, overproduction of goods, buying on credit, speculation in the stock

market, businesses misleading investors, farming problems (surplus)

stock market crash 1929 signifies start – world war II (1939) signifies the end

Hoover- rugged individualism, tax cuts to businesses, Reconstruction Finance Corporation,

gassing of Bonus Army 1932- FDR elected – 100 days congress – accomplished many things right away – focused on

Relief, Recovery, and Reform

Programs---Emergency Banking Relief Act, FDIC, Home Owners Loan Corporation, Federal

Emergency Relief Administration, Public Works Administration, Civilian Conservation

Corps, TVA, National Recovery Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Civil Works

Administration, Securities and Exchange Commission, Federal Housing Administration,

removal from gold standard, Works Progress Administration, Social Security Act, plan to

reorganize the Supreme Court

Critics- Father Coughlin, Dr. Townsend, Huey Long

Unions had some successes- Wagner Act 1935

Keynesian Economics-“prime the pump”- government needs to spend money to help economy

Direct relief- give $ directly to people authors

Jack Kerouac -1950’s- beatnik—counter culture, “On the Road”

Ernest Hemingway- prominent for a while notable 1920’s-1950’s – wrote about disillusionment with

society, the Lost generation and the over glorification of war, “Sun Also Rises,” “Old Man and

the Sea,” “Farewell to Arms”

Upton Sinclair – early 1900’s “The Jungle”- exposed meat industry and showed appeal of socialism

Henry David Thoreau- transcendentalist “Civil Disobedience”

Ralph Waldo Emerson- transcendentalist, “Walden Pond”

Betty Freidan- feminist leader, “Feminine Mystique” – women were not happy being housewives

Thomas Paine- “Common Sense”- basic explanation of why colonies should break away from Britain

William James- philosopher who believed that there is absolute truth and it can be known

John Steinbeck- “Grapes of Wrath”- story of oakies during depression

Theodore Dresier- “An American Tragedy,” “Sister Carrie,” – social and economics conditions 1920’s and 1930’s

Joseph Pulitzer- famous newspaper journalist (late 1800’s)

William Lloyd Garrison- radical abolitionist, “The Liberator” (1830’s and 1840’s)

Alexis de Tocqueville, “Democracy in America”- French philosopher who wrote about the rise of

republican governments such as the US (1830’s)

Jacob Riis- “How the other half lives”- documentary type work on the conditions facing immigrations in

the early 1900’s

Rachel Carson- “Silent Spring” – warned of the dangers of pesticides, sparked the environmental

Movement (1962)

Frederick Jackson Turner- “Frontier Thesis”- the frontier was crucial to the formation of American

History (1893) – foreshadows imperialism

Harlem Renaissance- African American cultural movement in the 1920’s, included Langston Hughes,

Zora Neal Hurston, Josephine Baker, James Weldon Johnson, etc

Immigration

Americans always discriminate against immigrants

Civil war- immigrants from northern and western Europe

Irish- cities

Germans- farms

1882- Chinese Exclusion Act

1908- Gentlemen’s Agreement- limited Japanese immigrants

1900’s-1920’s- immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

Unskilled, uneducated, didn’t speak English, radical ideas

Nativism at its peak, KKK dislikes immigrants

1920’s- immigration quotas

1950’s -1970’s – immigrants from Middle East, Vietnam, and Africa 1980’s-present- immigrants from Mexico

Foreign Policy- (very simplified!!!)

1780’s- 1939 (except for minor issues, war of 1812, and WWI)

Isolationist with Europe but interventionist in Latin America

Around 1900- imperialism

Spanish American War, Filipino American war, Hawaii, Open Door Policy

WWII- present- interventionist

Containment 1950’s-1970’s- stop spread of communists

Present- war on terror