Starts Under Eisenhower (1954) When the French Pull Out, Begins in the Form of Financial Aid
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
![Starts Under Eisenhower (1954) When the French Pull Out, Begins in the Form of Financial Aid](http://data.docslib.org/img/98dc6f4934101a5d42531af7ab9d87f1-1.webp)
Vietnam
-starts under Eisenhower (1954) when the French pull out, begins in the form of financial aid
- under JFK, sent military advisors
-escalated under LBJ in part due to Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (allowed US to fight war without
declaration from congress)
1968- TET offensive causes most Americans not to support the war
-Nixon officially pulls US troops out in 1973
-Vietnam officially falls in 1975 Under Ford
President's with programs
-Teddy Roosevelt- Square Deal- programs to protect consumers (anti-trust laws, pure food and
drug act)
-FDR- New Deal- programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform during depression (social
security, FDIC, AAA, WPA)
-Truman- Fair Deal- programs aimed at providing economic relief and civil rights (civil rights act,
desegregation of military)
-LBJ- Great Society- programs aimed at fixing poverty (Medicare, Head start)
-Nixon- détente – relaxing tension with communists
-Reagan- Supply side economics- tax cuts for businesses labor unions
unions are not very liked and often associated with radical thoughts such as communism,
socialism, anarchism, etc (so every time we hated communists, we also hated unions)
1890’s several severe strikes (Homestead, Pullman, PA Coal workers)
Knights of Labor- first real significant labor union (led by Terence Powderly), allowed unskilled
workers, was radical, died out after Haymarket square bombing
American Federation of Labor- led by Samuel Gompers, organized only skilled workers, relatively mild
Industrial Workers of the World- more radical group that wanted to unite all workers of the
world into one class without wages, they were damaged by the red scares because they
were extremely radical
Congress of industrial Organizations- unions of unskilled workers that joined and then split away
from the AFL
Wagner Act- also known as the National Labor Relations Act- gave unions the power to organize
and collectively bargain (1935)
Taft-Hartley Act-prohibited unfair labor practices including some types of strikes and closed
shop hiring (1947)
farming issues
after the civil war, farming slowly changes—it becomes more diverse, and more technologically
advanced
farmers are typically individualistic and take a while to organize
farmers can only compete with each other by lowering prices, this puts them in debt
they like inflation –g reenbacks and the use of silver
form the Farmer’s Alliance- Greenback Labor Party- Populist party
dislike the corruption with the railroads depression politics
causes - overspending, overproduction of goods, buying on credit, speculation in the stock
market, businesses misleading investors, farming problems (surplus)
stock market crash 1929 signifies start – world war II (1939) signifies the end
Hoover- rugged individualism, tax cuts to businesses, Reconstruction Finance Corporation,
gassing of Bonus Army 1932- FDR elected – 100 days congress – accomplished many things right away – focused on
Relief, Recovery, and Reform
Programs---Emergency Banking Relief Act, FDIC, Home Owners Loan Corporation, Federal
Emergency Relief Administration, Public Works Administration, Civilian Conservation
Corps, TVA, National Recovery Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Civil Works
Administration, Securities and Exchange Commission, Federal Housing Administration,
removal from gold standard, Works Progress Administration, Social Security Act, plan to
reorganize the Supreme Court
Critics- Father Coughlin, Dr. Townsend, Huey Long
Unions had some successes- Wagner Act 1935
Keynesian Economics-“prime the pump”- government needs to spend money to help economy
Direct relief- give $ directly to people authors
Jack Kerouac -1950’s- beatnik—counter culture, “On the Road”
Ernest Hemingway- prominent for a while notable 1920’s-1950’s – wrote about disillusionment with
society, the Lost generation and the over glorification of war, “Sun Also Rises,” “Old Man and
the Sea,” “Farewell to Arms”
Upton Sinclair – early 1900’s “The Jungle”- exposed meat industry and showed appeal of socialism
Henry David Thoreau- transcendentalist “Civil Disobedience”
Ralph Waldo Emerson- transcendentalist, “Walden Pond”
Betty Freidan- feminist leader, “Feminine Mystique” – women were not happy being housewives
Thomas Paine- “Common Sense”- basic explanation of why colonies should break away from Britain
William James- philosopher who believed that there is absolute truth and it can be known
John Steinbeck- “Grapes of Wrath”- story of oakies during depression
Theodore Dresier- “An American Tragedy,” “Sister Carrie,” – social and economics conditions 1920’s and 1930’s
Joseph Pulitzer- famous newspaper journalist (late 1800’s)
William Lloyd Garrison- radical abolitionist, “The Liberator” (1830’s and 1840’s)
Alexis de Tocqueville, “Democracy in America”- French philosopher who wrote about the rise of
republican governments such as the US (1830’s)
Jacob Riis- “How the other half lives”- documentary type work on the conditions facing immigrations in
the early 1900’s
Rachel Carson- “Silent Spring” – warned of the dangers of pesticides, sparked the environmental
Movement (1962)
Frederick Jackson Turner- “Frontier Thesis”- the frontier was crucial to the formation of American
History (1893) – foreshadows imperialism
Harlem Renaissance- African American cultural movement in the 1920’s, included Langston Hughes,
Zora Neal Hurston, Josephine Baker, James Weldon Johnson, etc
Immigration
Americans always discriminate against immigrants
Civil war- immigrants from northern and western Europe
Irish- cities
Germans- farms
1882- Chinese Exclusion Act
1908- Gentlemen’s Agreement- limited Japanese immigrants
1900’s-1920’s- immigrants from southern and eastern Europe
Unskilled, uneducated, didn’t speak English, radical ideas
Nativism at its peak, KKK dislikes immigrants
1920’s- immigration quotas
1950’s -1970’s – immigrants from Middle East, Vietnam, and Africa 1980’s-present- immigrants from Mexico
Foreign Policy- (very simplified!!!)
1780’s- 1939 (except for minor issues, war of 1812, and WWI)
Isolationist with Europe but interventionist in Latin America
Around 1900- imperialism
Spanish American War, Filipino American war, Hawaii, Open Door Policy
WWII- present- interventionist
Containment 1950’s-1970’s- stop spread of communists
Present- war on terror