<p>Vietnam </p><p>-starts under Eisenhower (1954) when the French pull out, begins in the form of financial aid</p><p>- under JFK, sent military advisors</p><p>-escalated under LBJ in part due to Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (allowed US to fight war without </p><p> declaration from congress)</p><p>1968- TET offensive causes most Americans not to support the war</p><p>-Nixon officially pulls US troops out in 1973</p><p>-Vietnam officially falls in 1975 Under Ford</p><p>President's with programs</p><p>-Teddy Roosevelt- Square Deal- programs to protect consumers (anti-trust laws, pure food and </p><p> drug act)</p><p>-FDR- New Deal- programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform during depression (social </p><p> security, FDIC, AAA, WPA)</p><p>-Truman- Fair Deal- programs aimed at providing economic relief and civil rights (civil rights act, </p><p> desegregation of military)</p><p>-LBJ- Great Society- programs aimed at fixing poverty (Medicare, Head start)</p><p>-Nixon- détente – relaxing tension with communists </p><p>-Reagan- Supply side economics- tax cuts for businesses labor unions</p><p> unions are not very liked and often associated with radical thoughts such as communism, </p><p> socialism, anarchism, etc (so every time we hated communists, we also hated unions)</p><p>1890’s several severe strikes (Homestead, Pullman, PA Coal workers)</p><p>Knights of Labor- first real significant labor union (led by Terence Powderly), allowed unskilled </p><p> workers, was radical, died out after Haymarket square bombing</p><p>American Federation of Labor- led by Samuel Gompers, organized only skilled workers, relatively mild</p><p>Industrial Workers of the World- more radical group that wanted to unite all workers of the </p><p> world into one class without wages, they were damaged by the red scares because they </p><p> were extremely radical</p><p>Congress of industrial Organizations- unions of unskilled workers that joined and then split away</p><p> from the AFL</p><p>Wagner Act- also known as the National Labor Relations Act- gave unions the power to organize </p><p> and collectively bargain (1935)</p><p>Taft-Hartley Act-prohibited unfair labor practices including some types of strikes and closed </p><p> shop hiring (1947)</p><p> farming issues</p><p> after the civil war, farming slowly changes—it becomes more diverse, and more technologically </p><p> advanced</p><p> farmers are typically individualistic and take a while to organize</p><p> farmers can only compete with each other by lowering prices, this puts them in debt</p><p> they like inflation –g reenbacks and the use of silver</p><p> form the Farmer’s Alliance- Greenback Labor Party- Populist party</p><p> dislike the corruption with the railroads depression politics</p><p> causes - overspending, overproduction of goods, buying on credit, speculation in the stock </p><p> market, businesses misleading investors, farming problems (surplus)</p><p> stock market crash 1929 signifies start – world war II (1939) signifies the end</p><p>Hoover- rugged individualism, tax cuts to businesses, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, </p><p> gassing of Bonus Army 1932- FDR elected – 100 days congress – accomplished many things right away – focused on </p><p>Relief, Recovery, and Reform</p><p>Programs---Emergency Banking Relief Act, FDIC, Home Owners Loan Corporation, Federal </p><p>Emergency Relief Administration, Public Works Administration, Civilian Conservation </p><p>Corps, TVA, National Recovery Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Civil Works </p><p>Administration, Securities and Exchange Commission, Federal Housing Administration, </p><p> removal from gold standard, Works Progress Administration, Social Security Act, plan to </p><p> reorganize the Supreme Court</p><p>Critics- Father Coughlin, Dr. Townsend, Huey Long</p><p>Unions had some successes- Wagner Act 1935</p><p>Keynesian Economics-“prime the pump”- government needs to spend money to help economy</p><p>Direct relief- give $ directly to people authors</p><p>Jack Kerouac -1950’s- beatnik—counter culture, “On the Road”</p><p>Ernest Hemingway- prominent for a while notable 1920’s-1950’s – wrote about disillusionment with </p><p> society, the Lost generation and the over glorification of war, “Sun Also Rises,” “Old Man and </p><p> the Sea,” “Farewell to Arms”</p><p>Upton Sinclair – early 1900’s “The Jungle”- exposed meat industry and showed appeal of socialism</p><p>Henry David Thoreau- transcendentalist “Civil Disobedience”</p><p>Ralph Waldo Emerson- transcendentalist, “Walden Pond”</p><p>Betty Freidan- feminist leader, “Feminine Mystique” – women were not happy being housewives</p><p>Thomas Paine- “Common Sense”- basic explanation of why colonies should break away from Britain</p><p>William James- philosopher who believed that there is absolute truth and it can be known </p><p>John Steinbeck- “Grapes of Wrath”- story of oakies during depression</p><p>Theodore Dresier- “An American Tragedy,” “Sister Carrie,” – social and economics conditions 1920’s and 1930’s</p><p>Joseph Pulitzer- famous newspaper journalist (late 1800’s)</p><p>William Lloyd Garrison- radical abolitionist, “The Liberator” (1830’s and 1840’s)</p><p>Alexis de Tocqueville, “Democracy in America”- French philosopher who wrote about the rise of </p><p> republican governments such as the US (1830’s)</p><p>Jacob Riis- “How the other half lives”- documentary type work on the conditions facing immigrations in </p><p> the early 1900’s</p><p>Rachel Carson- “Silent Spring” – warned of the dangers of pesticides, sparked the environmental </p><p>Movement (1962)</p><p>Frederick Jackson Turner- “Frontier Thesis”- the frontier was crucial to the formation of American </p><p>History (1893) – foreshadows imperialism</p><p>Harlem Renaissance- African American cultural movement in the 1920’s, included Langston Hughes, </p><p>Zora Neal Hurston, Josephine Baker, James Weldon Johnson, etc</p><p>Immigration</p><p>Americans always discriminate against immigrants</p><p>Civil war- immigrants from northern and western Europe</p><p>Irish- cities</p><p>Germans- farms</p><p>1882- Chinese Exclusion Act</p><p>1908- Gentlemen’s Agreement- limited Japanese immigrants</p><p>1900’s-1920’s- immigrants from southern and eastern Europe</p><p>Unskilled, uneducated, didn’t speak English, radical ideas</p><p>Nativism at its peak, KKK dislikes immigrants</p><p>1920’s- immigration quotas</p><p>1950’s -1970’s – immigrants from Middle East, Vietnam, and Africa 1980’s-present- immigrants from Mexico</p><p>Foreign Policy- (very simplified!!!)</p><p>1780’s- 1939 (except for minor issues, war of 1812, and WWI)</p><p>Isolationist with Europe but interventionist in Latin America</p><p>Around 1900- imperialism</p><p>Spanish American War, Filipino American war, Hawaii, Open Door Policy</p><p>WWII- present- interventionist</p><p>Containment 1950’s-1970’s- stop spread of communists</p><p>Present- war on terror</p>