Minerals, Rocks and Resources Outline

Name ______HR ______Minerals, Rocks and Resources Outline

Minerals • ______substances that are ______

– The substance was not ______by or from ______things such

as ______or ______

• Chemical ______or ______

• Minerals can be identified by their ______and chemical ______

– ______, Luster, ______, Hardness, Breakage, Specific Gravity

(Density), ______, and Cleavage

Luster • The way ______is reflected from a ______surface of a mineral

– ______Luster

• hard, shiny

– ______Luster

• shiny, ______, waxy, ______, earthy (dull)

Streak • ______a fresh corner of the ______across a ______, unglazed

streak ______

• The streak is the ______form of the ______

• Some ______minerals leave behind a ______that is not the

same ______as the ______

Crystal Structure • A regularly shaped ______formed by an ordered pattern of ______

– Examples include: Six sided, ______, rectangular, sheets, fibers

Hardness • Minerals can be tested by ______the unknown mineral with the ______or

______of other minerals of known ______

Cleavage

• If a mineral ______along a ______surface, it shows ______(to _____,

or ______)

• Many minerals ______along

______planes, sometimes ______to the

sides of ______• Those that ______along even ______that do not follow the

______arrangement are said to ______

Density • Can be found by either ______the

______of a sample by its ______or flotation

• ______density is ______g/cm3

• A substance will ______in water if it is

______dense and ______if it is ______dense

• ______is a ratio of the ______of a substance to the

______of ______

Rocks • Nearly all ______are composed of ______or more ______

• ______classify rocks according to how they were ______

– ______rocks form from ______when it reaches the surface,

______and solidifies

– ______rocks result from the ______and

______of ______of ______

– ______rocks form when other types of ______are

______by ______and/or ______

Igneous Rocks • The result of the ______of ______or ______

• Most lack ______, however successive ______flows can form a

______rock structure • Those that cool ______, deep within ______, are composed of

______crystals

• Those that cool ______, at or near the Earth’s ______, have

______or no visible ______

Igneous Rock Formation

Igneous Rock Classification

Sedimentary Rocks • Most are composed of the ______

remains of other ______• Usually are formed by the ______and ______of particles of

______

• Generally exist as a ______layer over ______and

______rocks

Sedimentary Rock Characteristics

• ______rocks are made up of different sized ______such

as ______, sandstone and conglomerate (composed of ______or larger

______held together by natural ______)

• ______sedimentary rock contain the accumulation of ______and

______remains

– ______are commonly found

• ______sedimentary rocks are ______by the settling of

______from solution in ______

– This occurs during the ______of ______and when

chemical reactions in the ______form compounds that ______

– ______is an example

Sedimentary Rock Classification Metamorphic Rocks • Form when ______and ______rocks are changed by

______and/or ______

• The only kind of ______that ______directly from another ______

• ______may cause structures, such as ______, to become

______or to disappear

• It also may cause new ______to form, and/or ______to grow

• Most are formed ______within the ______and ______to the surface when

______are formed

Metamorphic Rock Classification

• ______

– ______and ______of the rock ______

• ______Size

• ______

• Type of ______

Metamorphic Rock Classification The Rock Cycle

• ______changes in ______and

rock ______that takes place at the Earth’s

______and ______Earth

• Nearly all ______are made from the

______of other ______

• Rocks are ______based of their

______

• Rocks can ______in response to changing

______at the ______or ______Earth

The Rock Cycle Natural Resources

• ______from the ______

– ______resources can be ______after they have been used

• ______, fresh ______, ______

– ______resources can ______be ______after they

are used for ______of years, if at all

• ______- gold, copper, iron, ______– coal, oil and

natural gas

Alternative Energy Sources

• ______energy can be used to provide ______, hot water and generate

______

– However, the amount of ______energy that reaches Earth ______with

the ______of ______and the ______• ______energy, ______from ______Earth, can be used but is ______only in certain areas around the world.

• ______generators are used in many areas to provide

______where there are ______, ______

• ______energy can generate electricity without ______

– However, there is a danger of a ______accident and long-term storage of

______wastes