LEGISLATION/DOCUMENTS

Forests Act (January 1, 2002) Timber Management Regulations (2003) Regeneration Standards Timber Harvesting Planning and Operating Ground Rules Standards for Tree Improvement in Alberta Interim Forest Management Planning Manual Timber Supply Analysis Documentation Requirements Forest Land Use and Management Regulations (SN) Forest Recreation Regulations Forest Management Division Directives (probably specific to the directive)

Public Lands Act Disposition and Fees Regulation Recreation Access Regulation Eastern Slopes Policy (?) Alberta Forest Legacy Implementation Framework for Sustainable Forest Management (?)

Forest Reserves Act Forest Reserves Regulations

Forest and Prairie Protection Act Forest and Prairie Protection Regulations I Forest and Prairie Protection Regulations II

Water Act (January 1, 1999) – Repealed Water Resources Act Water Regulations (Ministerial) (1998) Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings (April 1, 2001) Guide to the Code of Practice .. (non-legislated)

Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act Forest Resources Improvement Regulation Forest Resources Improvement Association of Alberta Forest Resource Improvement Program (FRIP) Forest Management Herbicide Reference Manual

Historical Resources Act

Mines and Minerals Act Exploration Regulation Metallic and Industrial Minerals Exploration Regulation

Navigable Waters Protection Act (Federal)

Fisheries Act (Federal)

Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Federal)

Species at Risk Act (Federal)

Migratory Birds Convention Act (Federal) Migratory Birds Convention Regulations (Federal) LEGISLATION/DOCUMENT SUMMARIES

Forests Act (January 1, 2002)  12 regulations associated with the Act  enables forest management (legal authorities and powers)  of note: o part 1. administration . appointment of forest officers . Minister is in charge of administration and management of timber of public lands . enables Lieutenant Governor or Minister to make regulations . delegation of power to personnel by Minster . Deputy Minster has same power as Minster, except cannot make Regulations . prohibited uses and unauthorized use and harvest o part 2. Crown timber . defines tenure system  authority to Minster to create FMUs and dispose of Crown timber through: o Forest Management Agreements o Coniferous Timber Quota o Deciduous Timber Allocation o Timber Permits . identifies conditions (legal requirements) for cutting Crown timber . identifies linkages with Public Lands Act. Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act and Forest and Prairie Act . sets out timber dues paying and stumpage; mandates record keeping . outlines timber ownership and compensation provisions relating to types of tenure . no transport of logs, trees or woodchips outside of Alberta (except Xmas trees, dry pulpwood) . outlines Crown lien, recovery of Crown timber and timber seizure procedures . authority to forest officers to seize timber, enter land and stop and search vehicles . Ministerial order regarding non-compliance (outlines penalties for non-compliance) o part 3. forest land use . allows Lieutenant Governor to make Regulations regarding (in effect, create) Forest Land Use Zones (FLUZs), forest recreation areas and fees for use of forest recreation areas . Minister may make an order to prohibit/restrict access to recreation areas or trails, or prohibit any use or activity in these areas . Forest officers are also given powers to make orders in these areas . allows fees to be charged for recreational use of Crown lands . authority to impound vehicles that contravene the Act o part 4. offenses and penalties . offenses include: obstruction of an officer, destroying or tampering with seized goods, failure to comply with s.12 order of the Minister or s.48 order of a forest officer (to cease an Act) . enables penalties under the Timber Management Regulation (not more than $1000 or 60 days in jail) . 2 year limitation period on offences and penalties . requirements to pay, penalty/recovery proceedings . disclosure of information relating to offences and penalties (allows Minster to disclose name of offenders)

Timber Management Regulations (2003) verify  used to implement and administer the Act o timber dispositions, types and method of allocation o production control and timber dues o conduct of harvesting operations o record keeping associated with logging, milling and transportation o reforestation standards and timelines o import/export of unmanufactured wood products o prescribes penalties for noncompliance with Timber Management Regulations  Minister or legally delegated persons are required to authorize all for. mgmt. activities in the Green Area  Minister delegates authority to department and employees to manage forest resources on public land  activities are authorized by license, permit or other form of disposition  most forest operations are set out under approved Forest Management Plans (FMPs)  Timber Management Regulations requires reforestation (some exceptions)  timber harvest, reforestation and reclamation authorized under Timber Disposition  major elements: o Quotas o procedure for quota sales: creating, assignment and amalgamation o Commercial Timber Permits o Other Permits

Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules  outline practices that must be followed when harvesting timber  indicate the expected standards of conduct related to harvest planning, operations and silviculture  “fall out” from DFMPs (according to the Interim Forest Management Planning Manual)  ground rules: o highlight important management principles o define operating and planning objectives o present standards and guidelines for timber harvest, road development, reclamation, reforestation and integration of timber harvesting with other land uses  template for most FMA ground rules

Standards for Tree Improvement in Alberta  Ownership and Data Access (ODA);  Material Collection, Handling, Registration and Storage (MCHRS);  Green Area Deployment (GAD);  Breeding, Testing and Verification (BTV); and  Production of Controlled Parentage Materials (PCPM)

Interim Forest Management Planning Manual (April 1998)  guides the development of FMPs (non-FMA management units?) and DFMPs  active document that links objectives and operations  monitoring of forest management plan performance  outlines the steps involved in: o the planning process o the general sections required in a DFMP o supplemental guidelines outlining timber supply analysis documentation requirements

Directives (Forest Management Division)  attempt to clearly describe policy and procedures expected with respect to certain procedures  used to clarify when intent of legislation/regulation is not clear  used to explain how SRD is prepared to interpret vague areas in legislation  does not supercede legislation  directives are founded in legislation; each references the section(s) of the Act and Regulations as they provide the basis for the directive

Eastern Slopes Policy  policy based on integrated resource management  basis for integrated resource management plans  all within Green area therefore affects forest management

Forest Reserves Act  confirms the establishment of Federal Forest Reserved in Alberta (Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve on the eastern slopes)  goals were forest and vegetation conservation and maintain conditions favourable for optimum water supply  reserves are critical watershed areas for central and southern Alberta  important for timber, livestock grazing, recreation, wildlife and fishing  Forest Reserve boundary does not line up with Green Area or SRD boundaries

Forest Reserves Regulations  governs the pasture of cattle in Forest Reserves  grants authority to issue permits for livestock grazing, provides for range management plans, and governs how livestock will be managed in Forest Reserves  governs horse use by guides and outfitters  highlights important of livestock grazing and need to ensure its integration into multiple se management Forest and Prairie Protection Act  basis for making regulations to carry out the mandate of the Dept of Env with respect to forest protection  basis for administration of fire management programs  basis for forest pest control  basis for oil well gas pollution

Forest and Prairie Protection Regulation Part I  deals with precautionary measures in terms of o activities (industrial/recreational) o fire permits o fuel free buffer zones o equipment and number of tools required on site  also explains: o Forest Area Closures o conscription exemptions o legal forms (permits and orders to remove fire hazards)

Forest and Prairie Protection Regulation Part II  outlines how prevention work should be completed/conducted  debris disposal methods and responsibility  duties of a person summoned to a fire  pollution and erosion control  important section: agricultural debris control (Section 14)

Water Act (January 1, 1999) – Repealed Water Resources Act  integrates much of the Eastern Slopes Policy in relation to water management planning  in conjunction with Water Regulations and Code of Practice, affects forestry operations (esp crossing streams)  Section 2-4: purpose of the Act  Section 5 trigger for the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (Director decides to refer)  Section 7 to 15: framework and strategy, water management plans, authority to approve plans, authority to establish water guidelines  Section 16: compliance with EPEA is required  Section 34: Minster may decide not to approve activity if not in public interest  Section 36: approval from Director required for activities with exceptions  Section 38: director decides to approve or refuse based on approved water management plan and other  Section 43: reasons to suspend or cancel approval  Section 49: license required to divert water or operate a works  Section 51(1-4): authority of director to issue or refuse preliminary certificate or license for reasons specified in regulations, or approve government application to implement actions to implement water conservation objective  Section 164: authority to establish water management areas  Section 169: authority to make regulations to incorporate published standards, codes, objective guidelines, etc

Water Regulations (Ministerial)  Schedule 1: activities that are exempt from the requirement for an approval  Schedule 2: activities within designated areas of the province where an approval is not required (ice bridges and snow bridges do not require approval except in certain locations  Section 2: exemptions from approval (anything in Schedule 1, anything designated in Schedule 2)  Section 3(2): watercourse crossings are considered activities that do not require approval (NOT exempt from approval), but are subject to Code of Practice  Section 4: notice to Director required 7 days before commencement

Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings  adopted by regulations  Section 2: code does not apply to crossings exempt from requirement for approval under regulations  Section 3: notice to Director 14 days before commencement  Section 6: plans  Section 7: example of at least 1 map  Section 8: new crossings replacing crossings, requirements from professional engineers…. etc.  Schedules 1 and 2:

Forest Resources Improvement Regulation  establishes a delegated authority (FRIAA) for forest resources improvement and outlines the purposes, dues

Forest Management Herbicide Reference Manual  sets out how herbicide programs are carried out on Crown land for the purposes of forest management (i.e site preparation & control of vegetation)  2. Roles and Responsibilities  4.2 Herbicides Registered for Forestry Use  4.3 Methods of Herbicide Application  5. Public Lands & Forests Division Requirements  8. SRD Spot Audits  9. Enforcement Provisions

Historical Resources Act  gives the Minister the authority to designate objects and land as historical resources and historic areas  gives direction on what to do upon discovery of an historical resource  prohibits destruction of a historical resource  provisions for the issuance of temporary stop orders  Section 27 - Notice of discovery of historic resource  Section 30(1) - Damage prohibited  Section 33 - Right of entry  Section 45 - Temporary Stop Order  Section 46 - Compensation  Section 48 - Offence and penalty

Navigable Waters Protection Act (Federal)  to ensure that waters defined as navigable are not changed/impaired  applies to the construction of crossings over navigable rivers and disposal of debris in them  Section 5(1): no work in under over unless approved by Minister first; follow the plans; start within 6 months and complete within three years  Section 12: Governor in Council can may orders or regulations regarding work  Section 15(1):if you obstruct or place an obstacle in a navigable water, you must notify and mark location  Section 21: prohibit throwing sawdust, bark, etc  Section 22: prohibit throwing stone, earth, cinders, ash, etc.

Fisheries Act (Federal)  provides legal authority to protect fish/fish habitat in fish bearing streams (water, quality and surroundings)  serves as a background to fish habitat and water quality items in the FMA ground rules  Section 22(2): protect upward and downward migration during period of construction  Section 32: no destruction of fish by any other means than fishing or Minister/Regs  Section 34: deleterious substances (define)  Section 35(1) and 35(2): disruptive works: HADD is BADD unless Minister/Regs allow  Section 36(3): do not put deleterious substances in or near water  Section 38(4): duty to report if deleterious is deposited  Section 38(5): duty to take reasonable measures to mitigate deleterious measures

Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Federal)  to ensure that the environmental effects of projects receive careful consideration  to encourage … to take actions that promote sustainable development …achieving a healthy environment and economy  to ensure that projects carried out in Canada or on Federal lands do not cause significant adverse environmental effects outside the jurisdiction in which projects are carried out  to ensure that there is an opportunity for public participation in the Environmental Assessment process

Species at Risk Act  agency that operates at arms-length from government and has a legislated mandate to assess and classify species  requirement to protect species residences

FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING Explain the guiding principles for forest management Explain how Alberta's integrated resource planning process balances forest harvesting with other forest users Explain the process for public involvement in forest management planning process Describe the key components of a Detailed Forest Management Plan Describe the contents of an Annual Operating Plan

Forests Act Timber Management Regulation Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules Interim Forest Management Planning Manual Timber Supply Analysis Documentation Requirements The Alberta Forest Legacy

Planning Hierarchy  regional: Integrated Resource Management Plans (still under development in many areas)  FMA/FMU: Forest Management Plans (apply Interim Forest Management Planning Manual)  sub FMA/FMU: General Development Plans, Annual Operating Plans Forest Management Plans (Interim Management Planning Manual)  one for each area  public involvement  work with government, stakeholders, etc  consider other resource values and try to mitigate impact on them  not responsible for managing other resources  planning period is two rotations (140-200 years)  the planning process is comprised of:  Preliminary Forest Management Plan  also approved AOP required before harvesting commences  new FMA holders must submit within 12 months of signing the FMA agreement: o establishes interim management objectives and strategies o establishes harvest level and cut sequence while the DFMP is being developed (sustainably) o describe collection of new inventory data collection for DFMP o Terms of Reference o initiation of Public Involvement Plan probably in the best interest of the company Terms of Reference (plan to do the plan)  how the plan will be developed  what products will be produces, what data will be required  identifies who will be involved in development (planning team – company, government, public etc)  outlines issues and values  identifies work to be undertaken and proposes a schedule for plan development (GANT chart)  must include the AAC in effect for the period until the revised plan is approved  describes how the public will be involved Public Involvement Plan  emphasis on meaningful public involvement in development and implementation  want interdisciplinary planning team, including public representative(s)  interest groups identified and input solicited  formal process/method for capturing input  conflict resolution process/procedure  involve embedded and adjacent timber operators  First Nations  must have performance measures and an evaluation component Forest Management Plan  FMA is 20 years, renewable every 10 years  new DFMP required every 10 years  initial with a Terms of Reference and Public Involvement Plan (see above)  Resource Management Philosophy and Goals o will guide management of resources during the life of the plan o should address economic, biological, social o requires Landscape Assessment to understand current condition of the forest . basis for defining desired future forest . basis for developing resource management objectives . done to ensure forest management activities will not unduly impact opportunity to use/access either resource values . not intended to plan for management of other resource values . components:  landscape pattern and structure (e.g. seral stage distribution)  landscape disturbance and succession (e.g. fire history)  landscape use and function (e.g. land use)  landscape resource dynamics (e.g. hydrology)  Forest Management Objectives and Strategies o description of the desired future state of the forest o objectives and strategies provide basis for the rest of the plan (how to support/meet objectives) o ecological, timber, silviculture, fish and wildlife, socioeconomic, etc o must be specific and quantifiable – how much, where, when – for example: . Goal 1. Conserve Ecosystem Diversity . Objective 1.1. Maintain biodiversity by retaining the full range of cover types and seral stages . Strategy 1.1.1. Maintain the area (ha) of ….. within +/- 10 of current level over 200 year planning horizon within the FMU  Evaluation of Resource Management Strategies and Selection of the Preferred Forest Management Strategy o of Resource Management Strategies and Selection of the Preferred Forest Management Strategy: . evaluation of how the FMS meet objectives . a Timber Supply Analysis . a description of the PFMS . justification of the selection of the PFMS  The Implementation Strategy o how the PFMS will be implemented o Operating Plans (GDP, AOP) will be used to implement the strategies – must be linked with the DFMP o should identify changes to policy and practice (e.g., ground rules)  Performance Monitoring and Stewardship Reporting o adaptive management is an integral component of forest management in Alberta o monitoring and stewardship reporting provides feedback/data to allow improvements to be made o involves an Annual Performance Report and a Five-year Stewardship Report o the Stewardship Report is released to the public and is a five-year roll up of the Annual Performance . harvest production, renewal and access . landbase changes due to anthropogenic and natural causes . inventory and research . public communications . achievement of plan objectives . validity of assumptions . conclusions and recommendations General Development Plan  developed annually and provides information on operational activities for the next five year period  due May 1 of each year  must be consistent with the forest management plan  must be consistent with preferred management strategy and objectives  coordinate with other operators in the area o sequence of timber to be harvested over the next five year period o timber production objecties for all dispositions o road development o road monitoring requirements, reclamation work o land/resource issues that may be affected/influence planning during the five year period o a map with millsite, haul roads, timber dispositions, and everything else planned on it Annual Operating Plan  details annually how and where timber harvesting operations will occur  due May 1 of each year  must be consistent with the forest management plan and the general development plan  coordinate plans with other operators if will be in the same area within two years of each other  road development, operability, harvest design, other users, logging impact mitigation, reclamation, reforestation o timber harvest prescription including . contingency plan . description of all watercourse crossing structures . list of cutblocks indicating harvest season, species, area, volume, etc o harvest layout map o detailed cutblock plans (where required) . in areas where better than normal protection is required on sensitive or complex sites o watercourse crossing description (where required) o where bridges or large culverts are required, detailed design drawings may be requested Timber Supply Analysis  requires clear statement of forest management objectives (must be measurable)  requirements for validating a timber supply analysis: o growth and yield . volume sampling . yield curve development o landbase determination . inventory and stratification . landbase netdown and definition o TSA procedures . models used . TSA assumptions (adjacency, greenup, cut sequencing, access, block size limits, merchantability, reforestation requirements, other landscape management constraints) o summary of results . alternate runs . compare to LRSY – long run sustained yield if full conversion to managed stands under specific management parameters o selection of preferred management strategy . test alternatives and provide rationale . harvest sequencing  Inventory o detailed survey measuring the quality, quantity and location of timber and other resources o standard is AVI 2.1 o impossible to measure 100% of population, so a sampling process to gather the needed information is required  Growth o how trees, forest stands or forests grow o essential in modelling current and future growth (200 year planning horizon) o information gathered through ongoing ground-based sampling programs  Yield o amount of volume that can be harvested from a given area at a given point in time, or over a defined period of time o Sustained Yield is the amount of volume that can be perpetually harvested from a given area (required under the Forests Act)

TIMBER MANAGEMENT Describe Alberta's forest tenure system, including tenure overlap (see section at back) Describe the method of calculating Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) and its linkage to the forest management plan Describe the purpose and use of Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules given a situation, identify & interpret the applicable sections in Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules Identify how forest policy affects stand level practices (riparian management, understory protection) Describe how provincial policy (TM regulations, Public Lands Act) addresses the interaction between the oil and gas and forestry sectors in dealing with conflicting land uses Describe the relationship between harvesting timber and paying dues; and how dues are related to the manufactured product

Forests Act Timber Management Regulation Interim Forest Management Planning Manual Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules Forest Management Agreement Outline Alberta's Tenure System SRD Forest Management Directives Public Lands Act

Annual allowable cut  the maximum amount (volume) of timber that can be cut each year on a sustainable basis  Landbase Netdown o term used to identify land area managed for all uses o Gross landbase: full area of the landbase, classified using AVI 2.1 inventory o Net landbase: gross minus buffers, protected areas, stands deemed unproductive or inoperable, etc. (use inventory and other techniques to identify) o Exclude uses of the forest which prohibit or preclude timber harvesting . Recreation areas . Wildlife reserves . Natural areas . Ecological reserves o Exclude inoperable or isolated stands . 45%+ slopes . unstable soils . access constraints o Exclude Ground Rule deletions . buffers (stream, road, lakes) o determine AAC under different assumptions/restraints . starting with net landbase, import assumptions that will affect AAC  harvest systems  min/max harvest ages  current/regenerated yield curves including rotation age  harvest volume flow over time  access constraints  current age class distribution . select a model and run harvest modeling . look at alternative AACs . review AAC inputs and alternative AACs . select AAC based on minimizing impact to other resources, maximizing wood volume o the selected harvest level chosen based on the ability to achieve biological, social, and economic management strategies and objectives (desired future forest) o selected AAC is valid only if the management goals, objectives, strategies and assumptions presented in the management plan are implemented on the ground (see Implementation Strategy) o a cut control period is a five-year harvest period also known as a quadrant – its role is to ensure compliance with approved annual allowable cuts o compare harvest scheduling strategies with Long Run Sustained Yield (LRSY) – potential productivity of the forest beyond one rotation Ground Rules  Forest Act and Timber Management Regulations give the Minister the right to establish regulations  standards and guidelines for timber harvest planning and operations  intent is to provide direction to industry and government for planning, implementation, and monitoring of timber harvest operations  addresses activities of timber harvesting, road development, reclamation and reforestation  contains: o development and submission requirements for AOPs/GDPs and roads (timelines and content) o planning considerations (utilization, block size, reforestation, forest values and other users – grazers, trappers, recreation, oil and gas) o operating practices (harvest operations, reforestation, road building, maintenance, reclamation)**: . focus on water soils, residual timber/regeneration, wildlife features . minimize clearings for roads/campsites . timber utilization . minimize wildfire risk (debris disposal)  link to forest management planning: o ground rules are to be developed after FMP is approved o ground rules are the mechanism for operational delivery of FMP strategies/objectives (e.g., biodiversity objectives will determine ground rules for block size/structure) o ground rules can also affect the landbase available for management in the DFMP/TSA (e.g., buffers are “subjectively deleted” from the forest management landbase) Exploration  Mines and Minerals Act o provides for geophysical (seismic) exploration for oil and gas, and exploration for minerals  Exploration Regulation (Mines and Minerals Act) o enabled under four Acts o no exploration may occur on private or public land without an approval o regulation and approval set out how activity will occur and penalties o types of disturbance: . regular straight line (up to 6 m width) . low impact (timber avoidance, hand or machine cut) . heliportable  Disposition and Fees Regulation (Public Lands Act) – check this, not clear on overhead o industrial activity . license of occupation  issued mostly for road dispositions on public land  provides for public use of road  specific disposition conditions may provide for close in certain circumstances o mineral surface leases . mines and mineral development (most oil and gas activities occurs under this) o surface mineral dispositions . sand and gravel . clay and marl o pipeline dispositions . pipeline installation WATERSHED MANAGEMENT List and describe provincial and federal legislation and policy that aim to mitigate the impact of forestry operations on water resources Describe the relevance of the Water Act, Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings, and Guide to the Code of Practice to the protection of aquatic environments Describe the application of objectives, standards and guidelines listed in the Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules as they apply to watershed protection Analyze operating situations and determine cases that require permits and from whom those permits should be obtained Link the Navigable Waters Protection Act and federal Fisheries Act to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act

Eastern Slopes Policy Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules Water Act (January 1, 1999) – Repealed Water Resources Act Water Regulations (Ministerial) (1998) Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings (April 1, 2001) Guide to the Code of Practice .. (non-legislated) Navigable Waters Protection Act (Federal) Fisheries Act (Federal) Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Federal)

 Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules o Forests Act and Timber Management legislation enables o required with disposition approval o FMAs negotiate individualized ground rules o implements policy/legislation . Section 3.2 Watershed Protection and Harvest Planning  OBJECTIVE: To design harvest layouts that minimize the impacts of harvest operations on water yield, regime and quality, watercourse structure, soils, cover and riparian habitat for fish and wildlife. . Section 3.3 Watershed Protection During Operations  OBJECTIVE: To conduct timber harvest, reforestation and reclamation operations in a way that will: a. minimize the potential for soil erosion; b. prevent soil, logging debris and deleterious materials from entering watercourses; c. ensure that the capability of the site to support healthy forest tree growth is maintained; and d. minimize the impact of logging on other resources; . Sections 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.5 Watershed Protection During Road, Landing, Campsite Construction and Maintenance  OBJECTIVE: To build and maintain roads, landings and campsites in ways that: a. minimize the potential for soil erosion; b. prevent soil, debris or deleterious materials from entering watercourses; and c. protect the banks and channel of any watercourse.  OBJECTIVE: To locate, design and build stream crossing structures in ways that: a. minimize the potential for soil erosion; b. prevent soil, debris or deleterious materials from entering watercourses; c. protect the banks and channel of any watercourse; d. meet the intended needs of the operator safely; and e. meet the requirements for maintaining upstream fish passage.  OBJECTIVE: To maintain all roads and watercourse crossing structures to: a. ensure that erosion and road surface degradation is minimized; b. ensure there is no deposit of soil, debris or deleterious material into watercourse; c. maintain upstream fish passage; and d. ensure road/crossing structures can cont to be used safely during their lifetime.  OBJECTIVE: To establish, maintain and reclaim campsites and miscellaneous facilities to: a. meet health and safety requirements required by provincial legislation; b. minimize the risk of fire escaping into surrounding timber; c. minimize impacts on other resources; and d. prevent erosion or pollution of soils on the site and in the surrounding watershed. Table 1 - Watercourse Classification Watercourse Mapping Physical Part of Year Channel Development Fish and Wildlife Land Use Impact Classification Designation Description Water Flows Concerns Large  Solid  Major streams  All year.  Unvegetated  Resident fish  Water quality often Permanent heavy line or rivers. channel width populations. reflects all upstream land or double  Well-defined greater than 5m.  Important over- use impacts and natural line flood plains. wintering habitat. processes.  Valley usually  Important feeding  Primarily sedimentation of exceeds 400m and rearing stream channels. in width. habitat. Small  Usually  Permanent  All year but  Banks and channel  Significant insect  Primarily sedimentation of Permanent solid streams. may freeze well- defined. populations. stream channels. although  Often small completely  Channel width  Important  Water quality. some are valleys. in the 0.5m to 5m. spawning and  Fish populations sensitive heavy  Bench winter. rearing habitat. to situation. broken (floodplain)  Resident fish  Loss of streambank fish lines. development. populations. habitat.  Overwintering for non-migratory species. Intermittent  Usually  Small stream  During wet  Distinct channel  Food production  Sedimentation from bank broken channels. season or development. areas. and streambed damage light line.  Small springs storms.  Usually channel is  Potential will damage fish habitat  Should be are main  Dries up unvegetated. spawning for downstream. identified source outside during  Channel width to spring spawning on the periods of drought. 0.5m species. ground. spring runoff  Some bank  Drift invertebrate and heavy development. populations in rainfall. pools and riffles. Ephemeral  Not  Often a  Flows only  Little or no channel  Siltation may  Sedimentation normally vegetated during or development. impact fish downstream due to mapped. draw. immediatel  Channel is usually habitat. ground disturbance. y after vegetated. rainfall and snowmelt. Water-source  N/A  Areas with  All year.  N/A  Potential high  Disturbance may cause Areas saturated soils  May or value to fall stream sedimentation. (except or surface may not spawners.  Interruption of winter flow muskegs) flow. freeze in  Potential high-use may disrupt fish egg  Seepages. the winter. areas for incubation. terrestrial wildlife. Lakes  Solid line  Large water  N/A  Important fish-  Aesthetic values may be outline a collection  Normally bearing habitat. disrupted. waterbody. areas frozen in  Potential for wildlife  Reserved permanently the winter. disturbance. areas w/b filled with  Local sedimentation. noted map. water. Table 2 - Standards & Guidelines for Operating Beside Watercourses Watercourse Roads, Landings Watercourse Operating Conditions Within Buffers and Water- Classification and Bared Areas Protective Source Areas Where Operations are Approved Buffers Tree Felling Equipment Operation Large  Not permitted  No disturbance or  Trees will normally be felled so they do not  Where removal of timber within 60m is approved, Permanent with 60 m of the removal of enter the watercourse. no machinery is to operate within 20m of the high-water mark merchantable  The objective is that no slash or debris is to high-water mark. or from water- timber within 60m enter the watercourse.  Timber within 20m shall be removed by winching source areas of the high-water or other means such that the machine stays within that buffer. mark except  Should slash or debris enter the watercourse, immediate removal is required without a outside of the 20m strip.  May be where specifically approved in the machine entering the watercourse.  Where possible, topographical breaks should be permitted within used as protection strip boundaries. 60 - 100m of the Annual Operating high-water mark Plan. with written approval of a Forest Officer. Small  Not permitted  No disturbance or  Trees will normally be felled so they do not  Where removal of timber within 30m is approved, Permanent within 30 m of removal of enter the watercourse. no machinery shall operate within 20m of the the high-water merchantable  The objective is that no slash or debris enter high-water mark. mark or from timber within 30 the watercourse.  Timber within 20 m shall be removed by winching water-source m of the high-  Should slash or debris enter the watercourse, or other means such that the machine will remain areas within that water mark outside the 20m strip. buffer. except where immediate removal is required without a specifically machine entering the watercourse.  Where, possible, topographical breaks should be  May be used as protection boundaries. permitted within approved in the 30- 100 m of the Annual Operating high-water mark Plan. with written approval of a Forest Officer. Intermittent  Not permitted  Buffer of brush  Trees will be felled so they do not enter the  Heavy equipment may operate within 20 m only within 30 m of and lesser watercourse unless otherwise approved. during frozen or dry periods. the high-water vegetation to be  Should slash or debris enter the watercourse,  No random, skidding through watercourse mark or water- left undisturbed immediate removal is required without the channels. source areas along the machine entering the watercourse. within that buffer. channel.  Crossings must be planned with adequate crossing structures. Crossings are to be removed  Width of buffer on completion of operations. will vary according to soils,  Where fish and spawning movements have been topography, identified, Special crossings that will not obstruct water-source upstream fish passage or cause stream siltation areas and may be required. fisheries values.  Treed buffer is not required unless specifically requested by a Forest Officer Ephemeral  Construction not  Buffer of lesser  Large accumulations of slash or debris  Random skidding through watercourse permitted permitted within vegetation in wet accumulations be removed progressively. only during frozen or dry ground periods. a watercourse or gullies to be left  Temporary crossings are to be removed on a water-source undisturbed. completion of operations. area. Lakes (little  Not permitted  On lakes  Trees within these areas shall be felled away  If timber removal is approved, no machinery is to or no within 100m of exceeding 16ha from the waterbody. operate within 20m of the high-water mark. recreation, the high-water in area, there will  No slash or debris shall enter the waterbody. waterfowl or mark without be no disturbance sport fishing written approval of timber within potential) of a Forest 100m of the high- Officer. water mark except where specifically approved in the Annual Operating Plan.

Lakes (with  For shorelines  On lakes  Trees will be felled so they do not enter the  If timber removal is approved, no machinery is to recreational, not located exceeding 4 ha in waterbody. operate within 20 m of the high-water mark. waterfowl or within reserved area, there will be  No slash or debris shall enter the waterbody.  Consideration must be given to aesthetics when sport fishing areas, no no disturbance or harvesting adjacent to lakes with recreational potential) disturbances will removal of timber potential. Any timber harvesting within reserved be permitted within 100 m of areas shall be conducted subject to specific within 200 m of the high-water operating conditions. the high-water mark except mark without the where specifically written approval approved in the of the Forest Annual Operating Superintendent. Plan. Water-source  Construction not  Treed buffers of  Heavy machinery not permitted in the water-  Road construction, timber harvest, reforestation Areas and permitted unless at least 20 m on source areas during unfrozen soil conditions. and reclamation shall be done with equipment Areas approved in the all streams.  Minimal disturbance or removal of duff or capable of operating without causing excessive Subject to Annual  No harvest of lesser vegetation. disturbance to the organic soil layers. Normal Operating Plan. merchantable  Timber may be harvested if stream  Heavy equipment is not permitted during moist or Seasonal  No log decks trees or wet soil conditions. May be operated during Flooding. sedimentation is the only resource concern, permitted. disturbance of provided there is no disturbance of the organic frozen periods according to specific conditions in  The number of lesser vegetation soils and lesser vegetation when harvesting the approved Annual Operating Plan. stream crossings unless approved the trees.  No dirt caps or depositing of soil will be permitted must be in the Annual on roads in water-source areas, unless a Operating Plan.  On unstable areas subject to blowdown, minimized. merchantable trees should be carefully separation layer is incorporated or the road is  No disturbance  Buffer width may harvested from water- source areas to designed to provide adequate surface and of organic duff be altered minimize root disturbances of duff layers and subsurface drainage away from the road-bed. layers or according to its watercourse damming. Where a separation layer is used, the soil cap removal of lesser potential to shall be removed as operations are completed. vegetation. produce surface water, provided it is approved in the Annual Operating Plan.

NOTE: Limitations on any logging machinery within water-source areas also apply to scarification equipment.  Eastern Slopes Policy o highest priority is placed on watershed management o main goal of watershed management is “to ensure a continuous, reliable supply of water to meet the needs of Albertans and inter-provincial users not and in the future o watershed management objectives: . manage … to maintain or increase the volume of water yield and he natural timing of surface/subsurface discharge . manage headwaters … to maintain recharge capabilities and protect critical fisheries habitat . manage intensively in the South Saskatchewan River Basin for water supply stability . manage the North Saskatchewan and Athabasca river watersheds to maintain natural flows and provide the option for future increases in water yield through intensive management o fisheries management objectives: . protect aquatic habitat and ensure high water quality . establish optimal instream flow for fish through modification of land/water use practices . recognize sport fishing as the principal use of the fishery resources in the Eastern Slopes . maintain naturally reproducing salmonid (trout, char, grayling and whitefish) populations in the region and to expand these fish resources into presently vacant and appropriate aquatic habitat . supplement or enhance game fish stocks by stocking when natural reproduction does not occur or is limited o links with the Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules (section 4.2): . OBJECTIVE: To plan and conduct timber harvesting according to: a. the principle of integrated resource management, recognizing and considering other resource uses and values; b. integrated resource plans for those areas of the province covered by such plans; and c. the guidelines specified in the Policy for Resource Management of the Eastern Slopes, Revised 1984 (ENR Publication T/38) for those areas of the Eastern Slopes covered by the policy.  Water Act o purpose is “to support and promote the conservation and management of water, including the wise allocation and use of water” including environmental and economic concerns o aquatic environment – the components of the earth related to, living in, or located in or on water or the beds or shores of a water body  Water Regulations o watercourse – a river, brook, stream or other natural water channel and the bed along which it flows o exemptions from approval (Schedule 1): . floating platform, pier, dock, boat launch, etc (and other weird stuff) . crossing with no fish, no effect on 25 year event, culvert size 1.5 m or less in diameter, no diversion of water, not part of a causeway through a lake slough, wetland o approval not required (Schedule 2): . ice bridge or snow fill unless located in specific areas of specified rivers . Green Area where no effect on 25 year event, culvert size 1.5 m or less in diameter, no diversion of water, not part of a causeway through a lake slough, wetland  Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings (enabled under Water Act and Water Regulations) o does not apply to watercourse crossings exempt under the Water Regulations o does not apply if the bed or banks of a water body will not be disturbed or altered o does not apply to fish bearing lakes, or fens/muskegs that lack defined bed and bank o crossing – includes but not limited to watercourse crossing, bridge crossing (single span only), culvert crossing or ford; does not include snow or ice bridge, pipeline crossing or telecommunications line crossing o watercourse crossing –a crossing or temporary crossing and any associated permanent structures that are or will be constructed to provide access overt or through a water body; also includes structures to isolate location of works, erosion protection structures and sediment management structures o people involved in placement, construction, installation, maintenance, replacement or removal of watercourse crossings must ensure that they are in compliance with the requirement of the Code of Practice o meant to be self-regulating: if you are operating under/following Code, can proceed without obtaining approval under the Act o still not exempt from other regulatory approvals, such as Public Lands Act, Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, Fisheries Act or Navigable Protection Waters Act o requires notification and a plan submitted to the Director 14 days before start of work (Environmental Protection) – no plan for temporary crossings o requires input from professional engineer or specialist, and a qualified aquatic environmental specialist for planning and construction of most crossings o four classes of water bodies based on sensitivity (high-low)

. uncoded water bodies are given Code D unless enter a mapped A, B or C water body – then given same code within 2 km (upstream from the mouth) . unmapped water bodies  A within 2 km of A, then B  B within 2 km of B, then C  C within 2 km of C, then stay C  D within 2 km of D, then stay D  C for any unmapped entering a fish bearing lake o and five crossing types . Type 1: single span bridge or single span pipeline bridge with abutments outside of bed or active channel (does not narrow stream) . Type 2: open bottom culvert or a single or multi-span bridge with abutments/piers within bed or active channel . Type 3: round arch or box culvert on or within the bed of a water body . Type 4: ford or low level crossing at or below level of the bed of the water body . Type 5: temporary crossing using log fill o restricts activity periods dependant on water body class and recommendation of aquatic specialist  Class A: within recommended time period  Class B and C: outside of restricted activity period  Class D: anytime o combinations of water bodies and crossing types are mandated or disallowed to ensure protection Class Mapped? New Crossing Class A all Type 1 only, for horse/pedestrian Class B mapped Type 1, Type 2 if isolate Class B unmapped Type 1, Type 2 if isolate, Type 3 if isolate Class C all Type 1, Type 2 if isolate, Type 3 if isolate, Type 4 if isolate Class D all Type 1-4

* for A, B, and C, try in descending order * only go from Type 1 to Type 2 if Type 1 can't be done, etc. * has to meet requriements clause a Part 1 Schedule 2: upon completion, quality habitat etc equivalent or better

Class Mapped? Replacement Class A all Type 1, Type 2 if isolate Class B mapped Type 1, Type 2 if isolate Class B unmapped Type 1, Type 2 if isolate, Type 3 if isolate Class C all Type 1, Type 2 if isolate, Type 3 if isolate, Type 4 if isolate Class D all Type 1-4

Class Mapped? Maintenance or Removal Class A all isolate Class B all isolate Class C all isolate Class D all no isolation required

* for all (new, replace, maint) isolation not required if dry or frozen to the bottom

Class Mapped? Temporary Crossing Class A all Type 1, Type 2 in conj with replace/maint of existing Class B all Type 1, Type 2, Type 4 when dry or no ice, cont'd Type 5 when dry/frozen to bottom or enough ice to support Class C all Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 when dry or no ice, Type 4 when cont'd dry or no ice, Type 5 when dry/frozen/enough ice to support Class D all Type 1-4, Type 5 when dry/frozen/enough ice to support

* temporary corssings must be removed within 6 months of commencing construction * if on ice, remove prior to break up o anything but Type 1 works requires input from aquatic specialist o requires record keeping and monitoring for crossings over the lifespan of the crossing o contraventions must be reported within 24 hours, including info on actions taken to mitigate; then a full written report within 7 days o contains standards and conditions for carrying out a works and requirements and specifications for information in plans from engineers and aquatic specialists o engineering – education/knowledge of hydrology and water management assessment/experience in water management hydrological assessment methods (e.g., expected flows in flood events, design of watercourse crossings) - input: . design of bridges/culverts to handles max flows . free board of bridge decks to pass floating debris . no backflooding on private or public lands . not barriers to fish movement o aquatic – education in biology/knowledge of aquatic environment including fish and fish habitat and assessment/experience in fisheries and aquatic environment assessment methods and migration measures - input : . preventing damage to fish and fish habitat  barriers to fish migration  maintain water flows  minimize magnitude and duration of disturbance to streams  prevent erosion and sedimentation in streams . description of fish, habitat and hydrology of streams being crossed o Code of Practice applies: . Green Zone:  culverts> 1.5 m  not to culverts <1.5 m or single span bridges as long as the water body characteristics are unaltered for a 25 year event . White Zone:  fish bearing streams for any size culverts, and bridges > 1 span  does not apply on non-fish bearing for culverts < 1.5 m or single span bridges as long as water body characteristics are not altered for 25 year event . ironically, under the Guide to…, there is no provision for culverts equal to 1.5 m in size . the Regulations state that exemptions apply to “less than or equal to”  Principles of Sustainable Water Management (Guide to Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings) o water must be managed sustainably o water is a vital component of the environment o water plays an essential role in a prosperous economy and balanced economic development o water must be managed using an integrated approach with other natural resources o water must be managed in consultation with the public o water must be managed and conserved in a fair and efficient manner  Navigable Waters Protection Act (Federal) o “include and body of water capable in its natural state, of being navigated by floating vessels of any description for the purpose of transportation, recreation or commerce, as well as any waterway where there the public right of navigation exists by dedication of the waterway for public purposes, or by the public having acquired the right to navigate through long use” (practically anything!) o requires work in/under/around any navigable waters to be . described by an approved plan . approved by the Minister . started within 6 months and completed within 3 years of approval o approval process . apply to find out if water body is “navigable” in writing (4 weeks!) . Navigable Inquiry: if not navigable, process stops . if navigable, must apply for approval . Letter of Application with hydrology information, description of work to be done, public advertisement (2 papers, Canadian gazette, 30 day waiting period) . extra copies sent to other Federal Agencies – may trigger Canadian Environmental Assessment Act . once approved (says 4 months, may take 9-14 months), Letter of Approval granted with or without conditions . THEN YOU CAN START WORK  Fisheries Act (Federal) o concerned with the protection of fish and fish habitats (migratory fish!) o specific parts are concerned with road construction “no person shall destroy fish by any means other than fishing except as authorized by the Minister or under regulations made by the Governor in Council o defines fish habitat – spawning grounds, nursery, rearing, food supply and migration areas on which fish depend directly or indirectly to carry out their life processes (water, water quality, and total surroundings – plants life forms that fish interact with to make fish life possible) o relationship with stream crossings . prohibits any work or undertaking that results in the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction (HADD) of fish habitat *** . deleterious substances – any substance that, if added to water, would degrade or alter or form part of a process of degradation or alteration of quality of water so that it is rendered or likely to be rendered a risk to fish habitat, or to the use by man or fish that frequent the water….. o requires contact with DFO to . discuss proposed stream crossing . determine if fish or fish habitat will be harmed . determine what can be done to avoid or minimize this . Letter of Direction advises you on how to proceed without damaging/how to mitigate . where damage cannot be avoided, can apply for Authorization from Minister (last resort!) . lost habitat will have to be made up elsewhere (no net loss) o no preliminary assessment like NWA, and you can technically start work without consulting (although you would be liable for any damage) o penalties (300k to 1mill fines, 6 month to 3 year imprisonment)  Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Federal) o Fisheries Act or Navigable Waters cat can trigger CEAA o purpose of the CEAA . to ensure that the environmental effects of projects receive careful consideration before being implemented, to encourage sustainable development and a healthy environment and a healthy economy . eliminate unnecessary duplication in assessment process, prevent adverse environmental effects outside of Canadian territorial boundaries . ensure opportunity for public participation o projects requiring assessment . Federal Involvement/Commitment . Federal Funding . Activities on Federal Lands . Federal permits, licenses or approvals enabling projects to be carried out WILDLIFE Describe how vulnerable wildlife species may be affected by forest operations in Alberta Explain the process whereby non-timber values are integrated in to the Forest Management Planning process in Alberta Analyze a given situation to determine the applicability of the Federal Fisheries Act Describe the role of other professionals in the management of Alberta's non-timber resources Describe how the Federal Species At Risk Act may impact forestry operations

The Alberta Forest Legacy Fisheries Act Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings Guide To The Code Of Practice For Watercourse Crossings Species at Risk Managing for Species at Risk: What are a Forester's Professional Responsibilities Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management in Canada

COSEWIC  Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada  legislated mandate to assess/classify species Legal List under SARA Species at Risk Act (Federal)  purpose o to prevent wildlife species from becoming extirpated/extinct o provide for recovery of species at risk o encourage management of species to prevent becoming at risk  the Act is a mechanism for identification and legal action (give species legal status  five categories o extinct o extirpated – not found within Canada in the wild but found elsewhere o endangered – threat of imminent extirpation/extinction o threatened – will become endangered if nothing is done o special concern – may become threatened/endangered because of characteristics/identified threats  if on Legal List, obligation to protect species from being killed and to protect “residences”  Feds can reserve critical habitat on Federal Land, or extend powers to Provincial land if they feel the provinces aren’t addressing appropriately Species at Risk  Endangered o swift fox o whooping crane o burrowing owl o piping plover  Threatened o wood bison o woodland caribou o peregrine falcon o sprague’s pipit  Special Concern o grizzly bear o ord’s kangaroo rat o wolverine o long billed curlew Species at Risk and Professional Foresters  Foresters Act holds us accountable for professional judgment and actions  Code of Ethics requires good stewardship based on sound ecological principles  exercise due diligence  maintain sufficient knowledge  must use professional judgment based on o legislation/policy o court decisions o public good o current scientific information o professional obligations  how to help? o keep informed and updated on species at risk in your area o assess practices to meet legislated direction o develop low risk options when there is no direction o arrive at a socially acceptable decision o support monitoring and adaptive management o advocate good forest stewardship o foresters in differing roles RANGE MANAGEMENT Analyze a given situation and discuss the application of relevant legislation and policy Illustrate how to integrate existing grazing leases into the planning process for timber harvesting operations Explain public access rights on grazing dispositions Describe how timber resources are accessed on grazing dispositions Describe the process for issuing new dispositions and the renewal of existing ones in the Green Area Describe how to integrate reforestation prescriptions with grazing

Public Lands Act Dispositions and Fees Regulations Eastern Slopes Policy Forests Act Recreation Access Regulations Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules Forest Reserves Act Forest Reserves Regulations

 range management is administered under the Public Lands Act and the Forest Reserves Act  note: forest reserve boundaries do not coincide with Green Area boundaries (e.g., Green zone overlaps with public lands and forest reserves), thus the two Act need to control grazing  Disposition and Fees Regulation (Public Lands Act)

varible grazing leases grazing licenses grazing permits head tax gp duration up to 20 up to 10 1 (Dec 31) 1 (Dec 31) term renewable renewable renewable renewable cost tax (local auth) tax (ex:FMA) tax (local auth) no access timber both both both harvest yes no (only access) yes yes scope ? exclusive exclusive ? in FMA no yes (no withdraw) yes yes in quota yes yes yes yes other no damage * harvest = harvest within disposition area

 Recreation Access Regulations . requires recreational users to contact grazing lease holders prior to access . requires permission with exceptions (e.g., fire bans, by foot only, intent to camp/hunt) . fine up to $2000 for contravention  Forest Reserves Act o Section 4: Federal forest reserves established for the conservation of forests and other vegetation and the maintenance of conditions favourable for optimal water supply o Lieutenant Governor In Council can make Regulations regarding pasturage of cattle in forest reserves o can issue annual permits for grazing of stock, make signs and speed limits  o can cancel a permit at any time o Public Lands Act and Forests Act apply for everything else in a forest reserve ** . non-timber dispositions under Public Lands Act . dispositions of timber rights under Forests Act  Forest Reserves Regulations (Forest Reserves Act) o permit is required to graze on Federal forest reserve lands o Minister can reduce/cancel if necessary to protect range and watersheds o annual permit . graze the number of livestock assigned under preference quota . preference quota – maximum number of animal unit months granted under annual permit . maximum is 1,000, minimum is 100 o temporary permit . graze livestock on surplus range lands o on and off permit . graze livestock where private land adjoins Forest Reserve and cannot be grazed independently o not taxed o cannot restrict public access o cannot restrict access for timber removal o fee is based on gain in weight and average sale price (based on Calgary market that year)  Timber Harvestings and Operating Ground Rules ** o integrating timber harvesting with domestic livestock grazing o objectives: to minimize the impact of timber operations on range resources and domestic grazing, and to protect improvements on public land . consult with grazing disposition holders to address specific concerns before operations begin . ensure that existing roads, bridges or improvements to active dispositions are maintained . ensure that operations do not reduce carrying capacity of the range for livestock grazing . advise grazing disposition holders at least 10 days before operations begin  Eastern Slopes Policy (Public Lands Act, Forest Reserves Act) o objectives: . maintain rangelands in good condition . restore rangelands on which the forage productivity has declined . improve rangeland capability FOREST RECREATION Describe the roles and responsibilities of Alberta Community Development and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development in managing recreational activities on provincial Crown lands Differentiate between recreational activities permitted on vacant Crown land and land held under disposition Distinguish between commercial and non-commercial recreation Describe the role of forest land use zones and access management plans as means for addressing recreational use and user conflicts Describe how recreational areas should be considered when planning timber harvesting operations

Forests Act Forest Recreation Regulations Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules Public Lands Act Disposition and Fees Regulations Recreation Access Regulation Wilmore Wilderness Act Provincial Parks Act

Recreation is managed under several Acts  Wilmore Wilderness Act o applies to only a part of the Province o main purpose is preservation o limits all industrial activities; allows hunting, trapping, fishing, travel with horse  Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, and Natural Areas Act o provides varying degrees of protection from industrial development and other activities o Heritage Rangelands are designated under special placed program  Provincial Parks Act o provides for the establishment of parks and provincial recreation areas o generally established for conservation and management of flora and fauna, preservation of specified areas and objects to facilitate use and enjoyment of outdoor recreation . Provincial Park  industrial activities may be permitted  dispositions issued . Wildland Provincial Park  no industrial development (oil and gas, forestry)  livestock grazing may be allowed . Provincial Recreation Area  industrial activity allowed  dispositions issued  Various recreational designations o park o wilderness area o wildland park o recreation area o forest land use zone  Public Lands Act o allows the Minister to classify land o can make access management plant (e.g., close roads/prohibit use)  Disposition and Fees Regulation (Public Lands Act) o standards to industry operating on Public Lands (e.g., commercial trail riders) o authorizes commercial use under lease or permit  Forest Land Use and Management Regulations (Forests Act) o sets parameters for management of Wilmore Wilderness Park  Forest Recreation Regulations (Forests Act) o used to protect sensitive sites o all are required to comply with forest officers and posted instructions, signs, etc. o identifies areas as Forest Land Use Zones, Forest Recreation Areas, and Forest Recreation Trails o sets out forms of recreation permitted or not permitted in each area o Forest Land Use Zone . e.g., Kananaskis FLUZ, McLean Creek Off-Highway FLUZ, Sibbald Snow Vehicle FLUZ . no dangerous discharge of firearm . forest officer can ask to refrain from anything deemed dangerous to persons or property o Forest Recreation Area . no guns/traps . no fires except as specified in the Forest Prairie and Protection Act . motor vehicles only in designated areas (roads for cars; designated snowmobile trails) . no camping for more than 14 days . pets must be restrained . no damage o Forest Recreation Trail . no guns/traps . motor vehicles only in designated areas (snowmobile trails) . pets must be restrained o assists in goals of forest protection (fire prevention) and maintenance of the environment (back- country camping standards)  Timber Harvestings and Operating Ground Rules ** o integrating timber harvesting with tourism, recreation and protected areas o objectives: to minimize the impact of timber operations that occur near to recreational or tourism site development and facilities and legislated protected areas . standards: plan and conduct timber operations in consideration of legislated protected areas and approved recreation resource management plans, where they exist (river corridor plans) FOREST HEALTH Describe appropriate management strategies to reduce the risk of spreading List the major forest insects and disease, and describe their impacts on forest resources Describe the role of foresters in forest pest quarantine Describe current pest population monitoring and prediction, treatment strategies Describe the mandate of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) major forest insects and disease:

hosts location impact management large aspen tortrix aspen parkland branch dieback/slow growth natural collapse willow boreal mixedwood mortality if several defoliations poplar forest tent caterpillar aspen parkland branch dieback/slow growth BTK

s boreal mixedwood mortality if several defoliations pheremone testing r o t natural collapse a i l o f gypsy moth aspen sporadic; rare e d

mountain pine beetle lodgepole southern rockies mortality pheremone bait/sanitation cut limber reduced commercial value (stain) beetle proofing reduced aesthetic value cut and burn debark process before flight spruce budworm white spruce province-wide branch dieback/slow growth BTK spraying balsam fir mortality if several defoliations harvesting high risk timber reduced aesthetic value clear cut and replant with low risk species armillaria root disease all province-wide slow growth avoid selection or two-pass systems eventual mortality treat stumps after harvest susceptibility to wind & pests remove roots near disease centers avoid damage of roots or stems dwarf mistletoe jack province-wide wood quality remove all infected stems lodgepole breakage of brooms - hazard 30 m buffer between regen and infected stands mortality if severe avoid selection or two-pass systems plant resistant species hypoxylon canker aspen province-wide girdle/kill tree in 3-4 years avoid damage to tree (entry areas) harvest if >25% infected maintain fully stocked stands with closed canopy (spread) remove breakage hazard trees western gall rust jack province-wide kills young trees survey young stands lodgepole prevents call as crop tree remove infected stems in early thinnings breakage at main stem do not grow seedlings near infected stands poor stem form/wood quality cull seedlings with swell before transplanting mandate of the CFIA:  The Forestry Section of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is responsible for development of forest policies that prevent the introduction and spread of regulated pests (non-natural, such as the gypsy moth) into Canada. This is achieved through the development and refinement of policy directives and import requirements targeting the control of known and newly discovered invasive pests and their related commodity pathways of introduction. WILDFIRE Describe the roles and responsibilities of the various parties in managing for wildfire Relate how provincial policies and responsibilities regarding fire management within the Green Area impact forest management activities Outline the priorities for fire suppression List the policy directives dealing with prescribed burning Describe the structure and contents of a fire control agreement and a fire control plan

Forest Prairie & Protection Act Forest Prairie & Protection Regulations I Forest Prairie & Protection Regulations II Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules

Green Zone  concept initiated to minimize disturbance and fire use in susceptible areas  “Forest lands not available for agricultural purposes other than grazing. Provincial and public lands are managed for multiple uses including forest production, water, recreation, fish and wildlife, grazing and industrial development”  reduced indiscriminate burning and allowed prevention planning and timber management to commence Forest and Prairie Protection Act  result of need to control agricultural activities, burning of debris, improve weather forecasting and initial attacks  basis for administration of forest protection management  provides authority for FPPA regulations  applies to entire province of Alberta except cities, towns, villages, summer villages and federal land  Section 17: defines fire season as April 1 to October 31, except Minister can change anytime  Section 18(1): prohibits outdoor fires during fire season on land in a permit area unless holding a fire permit  Section 18(4): does not apply to an attended outdoor camp fire for cooking or warming purposes  Section 6: the Minister may enter into a Fire Control Agreement o with any person doing industrial or commercial operations over under on or adjacent to public land o with the Government of Canada with respect to land within or adjacent to Alberta under Federal o with the government of any province or territory o with the council of a Municipal District or urban municipality with respect to land within its boundaries  Section 23: Fire Control Plans o with any person doing industrial or commercial operations on public land or within 1 km of public land may be required to submit a fire control plan at the Minister’s request o operations may be suspended until an agreeable fire control plan is submitted o also applies to Fire Agreements with the Minister (fire control plan will be requested)  Section 24: Fire Fighting Equipment o with any person doing industrial or commercial operations on public land or within 1 km of public land shall have on hand fire fighting equipment in accordance with the regulations capable of controlling and suppressing any fire that may occur directly or indirectly as a result of the operation  proclamation of the Act created: o Forest Protection Areas . Department of Sustainable Resource Development is responsible for the FPAs . included all timber management units and all portions of Municipal Districts and counties having sufficient amount of fuel enabling wildfire to creep into the green zone (2/3 of Alberta) . based on political, ecological, timber management and practical fire control considerations o Non-Forest Protection Areas . local government (Municipal Districts) responsible for maintaining the FPPA, issuing permits, suppression, costs (same authority as SRD under the Act) . the SRD Fire Protection Branch can initiate suppression action any time and bill local government . SRD can also monitor the area for hazard and threat to the FPA . if a fire is reported in a NFPA, SRD  advises local government  assesses threats to the FPA  assesses the agency’s ability to suppress  looks at human life risk and FPA priorities  SRD priorities are (in order): o human life o communities o watersheds and soils o natural resources o infrastructure  Lieutenant Governor can make regulations regarding o governing the disposal of debris and waste materials; o regulating the use of airstrips on public land for fire fighting purposes; o establishing training programs and facilities; o governing the conduct of fire fighting operations; o governing the conduct of pollution clean up operations; o prescribing rates of payment for persons required to assist or for equipment commandeered under Section 13 or 29; o prescribing rates of payment for persons, equipment or services hired temporarily for operations for o fire fighting; pollution clean up; controlling a forest tree pest infestation, or forest land; dealing with any other emergency occurring on forest land; o prescribing amounts and types of fire fighting equipment required by timber, forest, mining, drilling or other industrial or commercial operations in or within one kilometre of public land; o prescribing the manner of reducing fire hazards; o prescribing precautions to be taken to prevent and suppress fires in a forest protection area; o designate any part of Alberta as non-permit area.  FMAs o within FMAs, the following expectations apply: . fire prevention/suppression is paid for by government . the company must have a certain level of fire suppression equipment and trained personnel . the FMA holder must enter into a Fire Control Agreement with the Minister . the government and FMA holder have a co-operative agreement for insect and disease control o Fire Control Agreement should contain: . fire control plan . qualified overhead personnel . fire training . pre-suppression activities . fire guardians . road closure . portions of AOP relating to fire protection . financial agreements  Non-Permit Areas o can only be authorized by the Minister (SRD) o local government must request in writing o must still enforce provisions of the FPPA o SRD reviews; if approved, Legal council prepares a draft for Minister’s signature o SRD generally not in favour o considerations: . available fuel in the areas . soil conservation issues . good neighbour policies  Green Zone = land management; FPA = fire management Forest and Prairie Protection Regulations Part I  no outdoor burning during fire season except campfire or with permit (e.g. prescribed burning)  generally anyone in public service is exempt from conscription  anyone in a FPA during the fire season should carry a shovel, an axe, a receptacle with at least 5L capacity  anyone in charge of a forest/other industrial operation in or within 1km of public land will keep at the site available water for fire fighting onsite, plus the following equipment: o shovels o back pack with pump o axe or pulaski o fire pump o fire hose o power saw  permit fire requirements o keep permit on hand o show on request o keep fire under control o extinguish when permits expires/is cancelled o have a responsible person in attendance  outdoor campfire precautions o fire on flat rock/gravel bar/sand or mineral soil o keep site clean of debris down to mineral soil at least 1m from fire o keep fire under control and attended o extinguish before leaving  industrial operation precautions o clear all trees, shrubs, and other from the area that the mill, factory or operation is being located o maintain a cleared distance of at least 30m to the closest standing timber o maintain bare mineral soil at least 8 m around each burner, pit or other source of fire  power saw precautions o fire on flat rock/gravel bar/sand or mineral soil  if you start a fire, you can be liable for costs of putting it out - $1k to $5k depending on Forest and Prairie Protection Regulations Part II  total debris disposal requirements o total disposal of debris by burning at a safe time is required on land cleared for . pipeline rights-of-way 10m or more wide . oil and gas well sites, tank storage sites . power lines and telephone lines . sawmill, planning mill and loggin camp sites . airstrips . any building or structure o total disposal of debris must precede project construction o all debris must be placed in windrows/piles less than 60 m long with 8 m firebreaks between them o if the right of way is less than 30 m in width, windrows/piles should be placed in the center o on other cleared areas, windrows/piles must be not be placed/burned closer than 15 m to adjacent uncleared areas o waste material (not toally consumed by burning) should be disposed of: . on well sites in the Green Zone, residue may be buried in sump pits with at least 1 m deep mineral over top . on roads, can be compacted (in road fill) provided a minimum 1 m mineral over top . buried in natural clearings/openings adjacent to right-of-ways if 1 m mineral and natural contours retained . stumps not fully burned can be scattered adjacent to and out of sight of right-of-way clearing  debris disposal – logging operations o must reduce slash level to nonhazardous level as determined by a forest superintendant o must be completed within 24 months of loggingpartial cutting – remove all limbs from trees, scatter and make to lie flat o for clear cuts, a few ways to reduce slash levels . scarification ok as long as reforestation takes place . skid with limbs attached, burn at roadside/landing . prescribed burning of slash piles, windrows, etc . crush with heavy machinery . no slash fuel accumulation is allowed within 5 m of the perimeter of the clearcut area Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules  objective: to minimize the risk of wildfire from starting or escaping timber harvest operations o keep firefighting equipment on hand (FPPA and regs require it anyways) o dispose of slash accumulations, reduce slash hazard (FPP regs II, Alberta’s Prescribed Burn Manual, Alberta’s Prescribed Fuels Inventory Manual) o logging debris from roads, landings and campsites (if not needed for wildlife) shall . be spread without burning, if won’t impact regeneration/soil compacts . decked, windrowed, piled with fireguard (8 m from standing timber, 8 m breaks at 70 m intervals) . burned on mineral soils when and where safe, and check to ensure extinguished before fire season begins o keep slash accumulation-free zone within 5 m of standing timber and around islands of uncut timber within cutblock REFORESTATION PRACTICES Explain the regeneration survey system Describe the herbicide approval system Describe the process for developing and using material from tree improvement programs Describe the implication of seed zones on reforestation practices in Alberta

Timber Management Regulation Regeneration Survey Manual

Reforestation (Regeneration Survey Manual)  Forest Act and Timber Management Regulations establish authority to establish regeneration requirements  purpose of the manual is to ensure: o prompt reforestation following harvesting o adequate stocking, survival, and growth rates o reforestation performance that emulates natural yields found in Alberta  cutblocks created after April 30, 2000 will be subject to the 2000 Regeneration Standards . new blocks will be declared by the forest operator to a strata standard . the area declared to each strata standard is balanced annually with the area cut in each of the standing timber strata, and, . current detailed forest management plan regenerated yield assumptions are followed.  specifies regeneration expectations (standards) for the four basic forest stand strata in Alberta (C, CD, DC, D) . reforestation treatment must be undertaken within two years of harvest . conduct establishment and performance surveys as per survey manual . retreat failed blocks before the end of the year following the failed survey  standards are set for early crop Establishment and later stand Performance  height standards vary by species, natural subregion, drainage class and ecosite  outlines the regeneration survey procedure to be employed in Alberta  establishment survey o 4-8 years after harvesting in C, CD and DC o 3-5 years after harvesting in D o assess stocking (%), density (sph), height growth, diameter growth, and locations of SR and NSR areas > 4 ha o acceptable crop tree . accepable species . achieved minimum height requirements (generally 30 cm for conifer, 80-120 for deciduous) . alive, good health/vigour . onsite at least 3 years . from seed, suckering or coppicing but NOT layering . well defined stem o advance growth . all of the above plus . established in advance of harvest . live crown extends 2/3 or more of tree height o conditional conifer . achieved minimum height for conditional conifer but not for crop tree . alive, good health/vigour . onsite at least 3 years  performance survey o 8-14 years after harvesting in C, CD and DC o 10-14 years after harvesting in conditionally stocked D (if pass establishment, D do not require performance) o same variables as establishment plus assessment of free-to-grow for C, CD, DC o important because you are released for your obligation to the block at this point o acceptable crop tree . acceptable free to grow seedling  achieved minimum height  alive, healthy, vigorous  one-site a minimum of three years  at least 2 m away from any deciduous tree or shrub 2/3 taller . performing deciduous trees (same as above but no cylinder) . acceptable free to growth advance growth (same as top + not layered and crown covers 2/3)  Swapping strata: can change strata standard if another area fulfills it o Directive # 2001-02: Maintaining 1991 Reforestation Strata; o Directive # 2001-03: Balancing Reforestation Standards By Overstory Cover Group; o Directive # 2001-04: Re-designation of Reforestation Strata. Seed zones  intent: to provide delineated ecological land units within which planning, collection, inventory maintenance, conservation and deployment can occur  old seed provenance – deployment within a 50 mile radius and 500 feet elevation  seed zones are geographic subdivisions of Natural Regions and are based on general genetic criteria  84 seed zones in Alberta (74 in Green area)  cover all species and all areas of the province except mountain National Parks  seed zone delineation is hierarchical from natural region to natural subregion and ecodistrict, moving north to south (generally) REFORESTATION LEGISLATION AND POLICY Determine the applicable sections of the Forests Act and Timber Management Regulations Distinguish the reforestation obligations of quota holders and FMA holders Explain the purpose and guidelines of the Forest Resources Improvement Association of Alberta (FRIAA)

Forest Resources Improvement Regulation

Forest Resources Improvement Regulation  establishes a delegated authority (FRIAA) for forest resources improvement and outlines the purposes, dues o to enhance the forest resources of Alberta in the interest of all Albertans Forest Resource Improvement Association of Alberta (FRIAA)  type of Delegated Administrative Organization (delivers specific public programs) o delegated through Forest Resource Improvement Regulation o supported by Timber Management Regulations  not-for-profit association created to help improve Alberta’s forest resources  objectives: o improve the forest resources of Alberta o improve the management of Alberta’s forest resources o enhance the sustained yield of Alberta’s forests o promote improved integrated resource management o reforest public land  seven member board of directors o four elected by the membership at large o one elected by smaller operators o one appointed from the public o one appointed by the Minster o provision for an 8th representing those who pay reforestation levy  administers three programs: o Forest Resource Improvement Program (FRIP) . all operators that harvest Crown Timber pay dues  timber operators pay FRIAA dues if they pay general rate of dues for: o coniferous roundwood o deciduous pulpwood  FRIAA dues are not paid on timber volumes: o designated for OSB/veneer production o exempted (marginal or endangered) o from competitive bid sale . stumpage is broken into timber dues and FRIAA dues (vary according to market) . FRIAA dues held in FRIP account, available for eligible activities under approved projects . projects enhance and manage forest resources at a level beyond legislated responsibilities . FRIAA dues remitters have three years to sponsor projects in one of three ways:  propose themselves, co-sponsor or support projects with other operators . types of proposals  field operations projects – basal bark thinning trials; manual spacing  inventory and planning projects – backlog aerial reconnaissance  applied research projects – rates of wellsite reforestation  other forestry – field guide development, trail improvement . key criteria  project must not represent required work (under legislation or agreements)  must benefit the public o enhance forest resources o enhance management of forest resources o improve sustained yield o improve IRM . guidelines – things to include in proposal  detailed description, project team, referrals, schedule of work, reporting schedule, funding schedule, permits required, final deliverables  how it meets key criteria, resources/uses that will be impacted . project management  monies dispersed - funding and reporting schedule (10% held for closure); audits o Wildfire Cutblock Reclamation Program . applied to specified wildfires from 1998 fire season . all areas must have been actively treated prior to fire . aimed at meeting the applicable reforestation standard . clocks included are those with growth development impaired at least to the point where applicable reforestation standards are unable to be met . must account to the Minister on an ongoing basis and through an annual report (fits here?) . all funds must be spent on approved areas . all funds must be spent on activities directly related to cutblock retreatment o Community Reforestation Program . reforestation levies paid to government in lieu of reforestation responsibility  optional for quota holders under 10,000 m3/year  mandatory for permit holders with no quota rights  pay direct to FRIAA since May 2000  may be waived if timber harvested was classified as dead, damaged, diseased or endangered . government then carries out own reforestation program . community reforestation program is committed to:  ensuring sustained yield of forest resources  supporting community woodlot programs  maintaining healthy forest environments . timber operators are encouraged to monitor regeneration and provide input STEWARDSHIP/ASSESSMENT Explain the Performance Monitoring and Stewardship Reporting section of the Interim Forest Management Planning Manual Describe the linkage between the Canadian Criteria and Indicator Task Force and forest management for Canada, as well as, in Alberta Describe the provincial government’s role in the development and implementation of the National Forest Strategy Describe other industry initiatives leading to recognition in the international market place Describe other relevant international forest accreditation programs Describe the provincial government's role in enforcement and compliance audits

Sustained Yield Policy and future directions  THE Interim Forest Management Planning Manual states that forests must be managed on a sustained yield basis (Section 16(1) of the Forests Act) o the amount of timber that can be perpetually harvested at a given intensity of management o requires the maintenance of both coniferous and deciduous forests in about the same proportion as they now exist o FMU area basis  the Alberta Forest Legacy is the implementation framework for Sustainable Forest Management (SRM) o defined as management to maintain and enhance long term health of forest ecosystems, while providing ecological, economic, social and cultural opportunities for the benefit of present and future generations (Interim Management Planning Manual) o relevant landscape unit basis  the Commitment to Sustainable Resource Management and Environmental Management identified Integrated Resource Management as the guiding management philosophy to implement Alberta’s commitment policy o an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to decision-making on natural resource management (CSRMEM) o a holistic resource management philosophy and approach with the underlying intent to share/ coordinate among a broad range of values/ interests when conceiving, designing and implementing land and resource policies, programs or projects (Interim Management Planning Manual) Alberta Forest Legacy  principle of adaptive management, forest sustainability, ecological management (mimic natural disturbance)  four categories of management intensity o extensive – a range of forest uses including recreation, tourism, energy, timber, grazing, and metals o allows disturbance including human o heritage – under Alberta’s Special Places Program, complete a network of areas representing the environmental diversity of the province, including representative landscapes o facility – very localized areas, reserved for tourism or industry-related construction o enhanced – enhanced forest management practices to increase productivity  commitment to Yardsticks of Sustainable Forest Management (Canadian Council of Forest Ministers) o conserve biological diversity o maintain healthy and productive forest ecosystems o conserve soil and water o monitor the forest’s contribution to global ecological cycles o maintain the forest’s multiple benefits to society o provide opportunities for society to take responsibility for sustainable development National Forest Strategy  Alberta SRD is a member of the National Forest Strategy Coalition  The National Forest Strategy is a consensus document that guides Canadians in their ongoing work in sustainable forest management.  collective goal of sustainable forest management  Alberta has signed the Canada Forest Accord o a formal commitment among diverse groups with different perspectives and objectives to work together on a solution to the challenges facing our forest o the NFS is the reference document  as a signatory on the accord, Alberta has developed an Implementation Action Plan  objectives such as biodiversity monitoring criteria, implementation of the National Forest Inventory (NFI)  also required to submit progress reports on the IAP Eastern Slopes Policy  very early use of the Integrated Resources Management philosophy  forested mountains and foothills – very important as a watershed resource  applies to that portion of the Green Area next to the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve  highest priority is watershed management, followed closely by recreation and tourism  divides the area in to Regional Land Use Zones, each with different objectives with differing priorities  defines activities compatible with each RLUZ  management objectives include water management, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, timber, rangeland, agriculture, tourism, mineral resources, cultural and ecological resources  broad RLUZs are: o protection . prime protection . critical wildlife o resource management . special use . general recreation . multiple use . agriculture o development . industrial . facility  watershed management is paramount concerns in all zones, as well as wildlife and fish habitat Historic Resources Act  any work of natural/human that is primarily of value for its palaeolontological, archaeological, historic, cultural, natural, scientific or aesthetic interest  includes sites, sturtcures, objects  if you discover an historic resource, you must notify the Minister  cannot mark/alter/damage unless have a valid permit (e.g. excavatioin permit) or permission from the Minister  penalties of up to $50k or 1 year in jail or both  person may have to pay for restoration costs or damages if unrecoverable  Minister may authorize persons to enter any land after notice to owner to examine/survey/record etc an historical resource  if belief that an operation or activity may alter/damage/destroy, can carry out assessment, submit report, undertake salvage, preserve, protect measures  Minister may issue a temporary stop order (up to 15 days) to check it out  can suspend, remove etc a permit if it’s worth keeping  can be appealed at Queen’s Bench  Minister may order compensation Canadian Biodiversity Strategy  conserve biodiversity and use biological resources sustainably  improve understanding of ecosystems and increase resource management capabilities  promote understanding of the need to conserve biological diversity and use sustainably  maintain/develop incentives and legislation  work with other countries and share benefits equitably Special Places 2000  to complete a network of protected areas to preserve the biological diversity of the Province’s 6 natural regions and 20 natural subregions  balance this with recreation, heritage, tourism and economy  embrace conservation, recognizing the importance of money and jobs  natural regions: o boreal forest o rocky mountain o foothills o Canadian shield o parkland o grassland INTRODUCTION TO FOREST TENURE Explain the role of tenure in Alberta Explain the benefits of the tenure system Describe the linkage to sustainability Explain the evolution of the tenure system Explain why area-based and volume-based quotas are used

Coniferous Timber Deciduous Timber Coniferous Timber Deciduous Timber TM 66 (Forest FMA Local Timber Permit Quota Allocation Permit Permit Products Tag)

volume or area based Tenure Type area based volume based volume based volume based volume based volume or stem based (currently volume)

20 years renewable 1 to 5 years; 1 to 5 years; 1 year; generally expire Term every 10 years 20 years; renewable 20 years; renewable 30 days nonrenewable nonrenewable April 30; nonrenewable (evergreen)

negotiated with historic grant or historic grant or sealed tender, open sealed tender, open Allocation first come, first served everyone gets a shot government competitive sale competitive sale competition, direct sale competition, direct sale

based on approved 20 transplants < 2.5 percentage of conifer Amount of Timber AAC set through FMP deciduous AAC in 50 m3 green volume m; 3 Christmas trees; AAC in FMU FMU 5 m3 green volume

Legal Tenure Forest Management Coniferous Timber Deciduous Timber Timber Permit Timber Permit Timber Permit Timber Permit Document Agreement Quota Certificate Allocation Certificate

Forest Management Coniferous Timber Deciduous Timber Harvest Authority Agreement + approved Timber License + AOP Timber License + AOP Local Timber Permit Forest Product Tag Permit + AOP Permit + AOP AOP

PFMP, AOP, TOR Planning AOP (planning by AOP (planning by then TOR, PIP, GDP, AOP GDP, AOP none none Requirements crown or FMA holder) crown or FMA holder) DFMP, GDP, AOP embedded quota holders, grazing MTU areas, bug/fire MTU areas, MTU areas, sometimes emergency Exclusivity leases, grazing overlapping salvage endangered/ salvage endangered/ salvage salvage permits, head tax grazing permits

responsible for own responsible for own if responsible for own if Regeneration (free to grow >10,000, otherwse levy >10,000, otherwse levy levy to FRIAA levy to FRIAA levy to FRIAA none standards apply) to FRIAA to FRIAA

20 years in 5 year cut 20 years in 5 year cut 2 rotations - to verify Sphere of Interest control periods - to control periods - to sustainability verify AAC verify AAC

negotiate own or provincial or FMU if provincial or FMU if Ground Rules provincial provincial default to government approved approved

holding charge; up to 2 no holding charges; Holding/ holding charge and holding charge and million deposit as deposits at the Protection yes yes performance performance nothing performance discretion of the Charges guarantee guarantee guarantee Minister

$50 issuance, $50 issuance, assignment fee; assignment fee, assignment fee, set by Timber $20 issuance plus stumpage based on set by Timber stumpage set by stumpage set by Management base rate in Timber Dues Timber Management Management $5 issuance Timber Management Timber Management Regulations or bid Management Regulation or FMA Regulations Regulations or in Regulations or in price Regulations negotiated certificate certificate

yes - if timber dues yes - if timber dues yes - if timber dues yes - if timber dues yes - if timber dues FRIAA dues based on TMR based on TMR based on TMR based on TMR based on TMR schdules 3 and 5 schdules 3 and 5 schdules 3 and 5 schdules 3 and 5 schdules 3 and 5

reforestation, road and other facilities, pay no rights until timber is no rights until timber is commercial use only - commercial use only - Other personal use only personal use only royalties on sand and harvested harvested milling or resale milling or resale gravel Alberta’s forest tenure system  Forest Management Agreement o legal tenure document: Forest Management Agreement o negotiated with government (where variability comes in) o area based o 20 year term renewable every 10 years (subject to government review) – evergreen policy o responsible for own forest management planning and reforestation . AACs set through Detailed Forest Management Plan (DFMP) . negotiate own ground rules (or default to government), holding and protection charges and pulpwood dues  pay regulation rate for all others  most FMAs now on government regulation rate for timber dues . FMA is harvest authority after forest management plan approval  need Annual Operating Plan to conduct activities o embedded quota holders participate in FMA plans  Coniferous Timber Quota o legal tenure document: Quota Certificate o historic grant or competitive sale o volume based - percentage of the approved conifer AAC in a Forest Management Unit (FMU) o reforestation obligation: . responsible for reforestation if AAC > 10,000 m3 . otherwise pay levy to FRIAA, who arrange reforestation (or do themselves) o 20 year harvest sequence – quota sphere of interest o 20 year term with renewal opportunity (Minister can attach new conditions at renewal) o subject to Provincial ground rules or can use FMA ground rule with approval o Timber license is harvest authority o need approved AOP o charges set by Timber Management Regulation  Deciduous Timber Allocation o same as CTQ except deciduous and area-based o legal tenure document: Deciduous Timber Allocation Certificate o historic grant or competitive sale o area based or volume based (currently are area based) o generally in MTU areas, bug/fire salvage areas o area volume control based on an approved deciduous AAC in Forest Management Unit o reforestation obligation: . responsible for reforestation if AAC > 10,000 m3 (in the past, government reforested) . otherwise pay levy to FRIAA, who arrange reforestation o 20 year harvest sequence – quota sphere of interest o 20 year term with renewal opportunity o subject to Provincial ground rules o Timber license is harvest authority o need approved AOP o charges set by Timber Management Regulation  Commercial Timber Permit o legal tenure document: Timber Permit o issued in: . Miscellaneous Timber Use (MTU) areas . endangered or dead timber salvage o sold be sealed tender, open competition or direct sale o volume based o 1 to 5 year coniferous disposition o commercial use only – milling or resale o reforestation levy to FRIAA o subject to Provincial ground rules o Timber license is harvest authority o need approved AOP o charges set by Timber Management Regulation  Deciduous Timber Permit (same as CTP) o legal tenure document: Timber Permit o issued in: . Miscellaneous Timber Use (MTU) areas . endangered or dead timber salvage o sold be sealed tender, open competition or direct sale o volume based o 1 to 5 year deciduous disposition o commercial use only – milling or resale o reforestation levy to FRIAA o subject to Provincial ground rules o Timber license is harvest authority o need approved AOP o charges set by Timber Management Regulation  Local Timber Permit o legal tenure document and harvest authority is Permit o personal use only o first come, first served basis o 1 year permit o maximum 50 m3 green volume - crown can issue for larger areas under emergency salvage o $20 issuance charge o reforestation levy to FRIAA (?) o dues are base rate in Timber Management Regulation  TM 66 (Forest Products Tag) o legal tenure document and harvest authority is Permit o personal use only o 30 day use o 20 transplants < 2.5 m tall o 3 Christmas trees o 5 m3 green volume o $5 issuance charge FOREST TENURE LEGISLATION AND POLICY List the key legislation and policy associated with tenure in Alberta Locate the key sections of legislation and policy devoted to tenure List other associated legislation and policy and describe their linkage to tenure Explain the importance of tenure policies and directives

TENURE STRUCTURE AND RIGHTS Explain the rights of the crown Explain the Minister’s roles and responsibilities with respect to tenure List the differences between area-based and volume-based quotas Describe the system for awarding tenure Describe each of Alberta's forest tenure systems and distinguish their different levels of responsibility Explain the rights and obligations of NON-TIMBER disposition holders operating within timber disposition area Describe what can cause the various types of tenure to be revised

PLANNING ASPECTS OF TENURE Explain why planning is an important component of forest tenure in Alberta List the key forest management plans required as part of forest management policy Recognize who is responsible for the develop of forest management plans, who must sign off on forest management plans and who is responsible for approving forest management plans once they are signed off Outline the quota holder participation in timber disposition planning Explain enhanced forest management and its application to the various types of tenure Describe the five major forest management plans and submission processes used in Alberta Describe how the plans relate to forms of forest tenure in Alberta Explain what forest tenures may be eligible to participate and receive the benefits of enhanced forest management activities

OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF TENURE Explain the rights and obligations associated with each form of tenure State the levels of harvest authority associated with the different types of tenure Explain what a license is and describe a license enables the holder to do Outline the reforestation responsibilities for each type of tenure Identify the monitoring requirements for the different tenure/disposition types Outline Forest Protection responsibilities for each type of tenure Describe under what circumstances, tenure holders have to make their documents available to the public List the circumstances under which Timber Damage Assessment is paid to a Tenure holder Explain the concept of “first right of refusal” concerning salvaged timber List the situation that will result in an over cutting penalty being assessed

APPLICATION OF CROWN CHARGES Describe why crown charges are collected Outline the various forms of crown charges and explain how they are awarded Explain how crown charges apply to each tenure type currently used in Alberta