English Language Education and Society 5.0: Developing Sustainable Literacies
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ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND SOCIETY 5.0: DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE LITERACIES PROCEEDINGS 28th MELTA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 13-15 August 2019 Hotel Riverside Majestic, Kuching, Sarawak. Editors-In-Chief Swi Ee Cheah Jane Chai En-Huey Subarna Sivapalan Editors Judith Nesamalar a/p Tharumaraj Lee Lay See Lin Siew Eng Mohd Ridhwan Abdullah Nur Ili Syazwani Mohd. Azhar Sujatha Krishnan ISBN: 978-983-9411-07-2 The views described here are solely those of the authors, and do not in any way represent the views of the Editors in Chief, Editors and the Malaysian English Language Teaching Association. All papers have been subjected to plagiarism check, with a 30% tolerance. CONTENTS Note from Editors-In-Chief 1 Using literature to empower children against domestic violence: A study 1 of self-efficacy in Jacqueline Wilson’s Lola Rose (2003) Florence Toh Haw Ching, Agnes Liau Wei Lin 2 Providing feedback on students’ written assignments at a polytechnic in 11 Malaysia Marcus Kho Gee Whai 3 English language teachers’ continuing professional development: 19 Teachers as learners Mira Namsrai 4 My success in implementing brain-targeted teaching in class 27 Banani Roy Chowdhury 5 Integrating authentic learning strategies in a mobile cloud computing 33 environment: Writing apprehension and writing attitude ChinDa BunTiang, Mariam Mohamad 6 ELF: An English language project to support the pupils’ language 45 learning in the ESL classroom Frecylla May Gidor 7 Language activities as a platform to incorporate higher order thinking 54 skills among primary school pupils Chandra Mohan Vasudeva Panicker, Melor Mohd Yunus 8 Understanding learner autonomy: An exploration of English language 63 teachers’ views and classroom practices Jacinta Karen Juin, Suyansah Suwanto, Wardatul Akmam Din 9 Building students’ critical thinking with questioning exploration 74 Rika Riwayatiningsih 10 The application of blended learning in a university writing course: 82 Gains and concerns D.B.H. Bui, T.T. Vu 11 Assessing secondary English teachers’ competence in oral 94 communication in context and in writing Marites B. Querol, Zayda S. Asuncion 12 The use of plot triangle in English 1119 continuous writing 107 Nur Atiqa binti Ismail, Zainalarifin bin Abd Kadir 13 Exploring Malaysian instructors’ perspectives of Blackboard use for 118 tertiary education Logenthini Mariappan 14 Building critical thinking in the language classroom: Exploring critical 129 thinking processes that enhance the virtues of society 5.0 Fiona L. Sadagopan, Audrey L. Fernando 15 Professional learning communities (PLCs) in Malaysian schools: 138 Sociocultural and dialogic perspectives for practice and research N.D. Tiong 16 Learning contract: Its effects on learners’ autonomy among struggling 151 EFL learners Ahmad Razki Sedi, Abby Zainal Ariffin NOTE FROM EDITORS-IN-CHIEF It gives us great pleasure to present to you the proceedings of the 28th MELTA International Conference, English Language Education and Society 5.0: Developing Sustainable Literacies. The conference features ELT professionals sharing innovations in exploring and embracing education for the future. The conference brings together education policy makers, practitioners and scholars to engage and collaborate with colleagues from around the world to evolve solutions in English language education focused on developing sustainable literacies hat are future proof and relevant focusing on the following sub-themes: • Peer and mentor lead education • Flexibility in learning and teaching • Personalised and meaningful learning • Reality focused knowledge application • Digital and online learning and teaching tools • Learning based on themes, modules, and projects • Orientations to multi-disciplinary and multi-literacies • Education for humanity and the development of human values • Assessment for learning of sustainable literacies and competencies On behalf of the 28th MELTA International Conference, we would like to take this opportunity to thank all authors for your invaluable scholarly contributions. We would also like to invite you to submit revised versions of your full papers, after the conference, to MELTA’s journals, The English Teacher (ISSN 0128-7729) and the Malaysian Journal of ELT Research (ISSN: 1511-8002). Thank you and wishing everyone a fruitful session. Swi-Ee Cheah & Subarna Sivapalan Editors-in-Chief 28th MELTA International Conference Proceedings August 2019 Using Literature to Empower Children Against Domestic Violence: A Study of Self- Efficacy in Jacqueline Wilson’s Lola Rose (2003) Florence Toh Haw Ching and Agnes Liau Wei Lin Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia [email protected] Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia [email protected] KEYWORDS: Self-efficacy, children’s literature, Jacqueline Wilson, Lola Rose, domestic violence ABSTRACT The statistics of domestic violence occurring within the country is growing at an alarming rate. Studies have shown that children who encounter and/or witness the tragedy suffer the consequences both emotionally and psychologically. However, efforts to help this marginalized group remain scarce. Responding to that, the paper looks at how literary works can be utilized as resources to empower children against domestic violence. Specifically, it examines the portrayal of domestic violence in Jacqueline Wilson’s contemporary realistic children’s novel, Lola Rose (2003). The discussion traces how Jayni/Lola Rose, the pre- adolescent girl protagonist, witnesses and experiences domestic violence from her father within the selected text. Through the concept of self-efficacy forwarded by Albert Bandura in his work, Self-efficacy: The exercise of control (1997), the study explores how Jayni/Lola Rose gains self-efficacy through four sources of efficacy which are enactive mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, as well as improved physiological and affective states. Resulting from that, the pre-adolescent girl protagonist is able to overcome the threat of domestic violence encountered. It is hoped that the findings of this research contribute to the consideration of Wilson’s contemporary realistic children’s novels as useful materials to impart a sense of empowerment in children, particularly those victimized by domestic violence. 1.0 INTRODUCTION According to Susan Bissell (as cited in Payton, 2014) who serves as the Child Protection Chief with the United Children’s Fund (UNICEF), one of the most worrying global concerns involves the “tremendous violence […] committed against children” (par. 5). This phenomenon has shocked the global community and heightened efforts to address and tackle the issue. For UNICEF, violence against children is defined as physical […] and emotional abuse, and may involve neglect or deprivation. Violence occurs in many settings, including the home, school, community […] Similarly, a wide range of perpetrators commit violence against children, such as family members, intimate partners, teachers […] and other children (“Children from”, 2016, par. 1). While violence against children continue to gain attention and awareness worldwide, it remains “complex and difficult to study” (“Child maltreatment”, 2016, par. 3). This is because “the phenomenon remains largely undocumented and underreported” (“Children from”, 2016, par. 3). Throughout its effort to protect the rights of children, UNICEF admits 1 that “[o]ne of the limitations inherent in any attempt to document violence against children is what it leaves out: the presumably large numbers of children unable or unwilling to report their experiences [as many] victims are too young or too vulnerable to disclose their experience or to protect themselves” (ibid). Likewise in Malaysia, the “Welfare Department statistics show that the number of children in need of protection and care following abuse and neglect cases […] has increased from 3, 257 cases in 2010 to 4, 453 cases” (Lee, 2016, par. 9) in 2015. However, “only extreme child abuse and neglect cases are reported […] often involving tragic elements of disturbing injuries, sexual abuse or even death” (“Violence against”, n.d., par. 3). According to city chief police officer Datuk Mohmad Salleh, “many cases were not brought to the attention of the authorities also because of the shame and embarrassment which the victims and their families were likely to endure” (“Many child”, n.d, par. 2). This leads UNICEF to assume that “reported cases are likely to represent only 10 per cent of total cases perpetrated” (“Violence against”, n.d., par. 4). On the detrimental effects of violence against children, UNICEF cautions that [c]hildren who have been severely abused or neglected are often hampered in their development, experience learning difficulties and perform poorly at school. They may have low self-esteem and suffer from depression, which can lead, at worst, to risk behaviour and self-harm. Witnessing violence can cause similar distress (“Children from”, 2016, par. 2). According to English, Thompson, Graham & Briggs (2005), negative emotional and behavioural implications have “long-lasting impact […] into adulthood” (p. 191). In view of that, WHO has called for a multisectoral approach” (“Child maltreatment”, 2016, par. 15) in combating violence against children. For UNICEF, these efforts should focus not only on “documenting the prevalence of violence but also understanding the underlying factors that fuel it and evaluating interventions aimed at preventing and responding to it” (“Children from”, 2016, par. 4). These include “educational measures to protect