Kingdom Fungi- Notes s1

Name: ______Kingdom Fungi- notes What are the Most ______- (some unicellular like yeast) characteristics of Eukaryotes - cells contain a ______and other organelles Fungi? Heterotrophs - are ______like animals (eat food) Most are ______– recycle nutrients Cell ______composed of chitin (same material in the exoskeletons of insects)

What are the typical Body made of ______(main part & grows below ground) structures of Fungi? Fruiting ______- part that reproduces (grows above ground) Mycelium and fruiting body made of Hyphae- string-like structures

Fruiting Body Hyphae

Mycelium

How do Fungi Grow Most Fungi develop from a ______, into a hyphae, then a mycelium and Reproduce? Spores are ______- they are everywhere! Spores are easily carried by ______or animals When conditions are favorable a fruiting body can grow over night! Fungi like ______, moist environments Can reproduce sexually or asexually Sexually -Involves 2 mating types (+) and (-)

Fruiting body Gills

Gills Button Cap Stalk Base Basidia

______

Hyphae fuse zygote + Mating Type

- Mating Type ______spores Name: ______How are Fungi Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction classified? Zygomycetes- The common ______-s ex: black bread mold Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: ______Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: ______Deutermycota- The imperfect fungi (no known sexual life cycle) ex: Penicillium

Ecology of Fungi – ______– recycle nutrients What roles do Fungi play in the environment?

Pioneer species- important for ______formation ______- break down rock into soil; symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism; fungus gets food from the photosynthetic organism and photosynthetic organism gets protection Lichen Hyphae – packed tightly together Relationship Status: Fungi is in a relationship Layer of algae or cyanobacteria

Hyphae – loosely placed together

Hyphae – packed tightly together

______- symbiotic relationship between plants and fungus; plants get extra water and nutrients and fungus gets a place to live on the plant roots

They are important!! Important in ______and Brewing -making bread and other products

Eaten as ______- truffles are considered a delicacy

Responsible for ______damage (as much as 50% in tropical areas) Gross! Parasitic Fungi! Cause human ______and illnesses such as athletes foot, ringworm, and thrush

Used in ______production: penicillin, high blood pressure, and pain medication