The Congress of Vienna , Liberalism, Nationalism And

Year 4 REVISION OF CONTENTS 19th C THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA , LIBERALISM, NATIONALISM AND THE UNIFICATIONS OF ITALY AND GERMANY.

Study the photocopies, questions, charts, maps and text we have used to review for the exam.

I. The balance of power in Europe. 1. What was the Congress of Vienna? 2. Nations which attended the Congress. The main powers. 3. Main agreements and goals. Distribution of territories. 4. The Alliances. Nations who signed the Alliances and goals. 5. Ideology which dominated the Congress. 6. What achievements were reached by the Congress? 7. What failures did the Congress have? Later criticism. 8. Most important people attending the Congress. 9. Map of Europe in 1815. Students must locate in an outlined political map of 1815 the following states:

Spain, France The German Confederation Prussia the Nederland, Russia The Empire of Austria The kingdom of Sardinia The Papal States and Hungary The kingdom of the Two Poland The United Kingdom. Scillies

II. The expansion of Liberalism and Nationalism. 1. After the Congress of Vienna, why didn’t the absolute monarchies succeed? Name and explain the causes for the failure. 2. Liberalism: Differences in government before and after the French Revolution. Definition of liberalism: what ideas did this theory emphasize? 3. Nationalism: Definition of nationalism in the 19th century. Different ideas of Nation in different countries. 4. Relationship between Liberalism and Nationalism in the 19th century.

III. The Revolutions in the 19th C. 1. Revolution of 1820. Explain the examples of Spain and Greece. Name the people who took part in the uprisings and the outcomes. 2. Revolution of 1830. Where did they start? What social class supported the protests? Revolutionary achievements in France, the Netherlands, Spain and Great Britain. 3. Revolution of 1848. Western Europe: the beginning of democratic ideals. Social classes involved in the revolts. Eastern Europe: nationalistic claims. Different territories under the Austrian rule. 4. The role of the social classes in the revolutions, their political goals and their achievements.

IV. The unification of Italy and Germany. 1. Common characteristics of the unifications. 2. Italy: Italian states before the unification. Map of the Italian peninsula. Students must locate the most important states in the peninsula. What political influences suffered the Italian states after the revolutions of 1848? Who were the rulers of the different states? 3. The three steps to Unification. The makers of the unification: Mazzini. What was the Risorgimento? What were the goals of Young Italy organization and the Party of Action? Did Mazzini’s plans succeeded? Verdi’s contribution to nationalism. 4. Cavour. How did he extend the territories of the Kingdom of Sardinia? Who did he fight against? What strategies did he plan to control the northern territories? 5. Garibaldi. The southern flank. What were the differences between Garibaldi and Cavour? Who were the Red-shirted patriots? What territory did he rid of foreign influence? Why did he hand over political leadership to King Vittorio Emmanuel? 6. Later political problems of the new nation. 7. Germany: The Germanic Confederation. Students must locate the Germanic confederation on a map and Prussia and Austria. Which were the two leading states? The maker of the unification: Bismarck. What idea of unification did he have and how this idea influenced his policy towards the unification? (the Real Politick-getting rid of Austria). 8. Bismarck’s strategy to eliminate the influence of Austria in the German Confederation: The Zollverein. Explain what it is and its consequences; The Northern German States annexation (Schleswig and Holstein states affair) and the Austrian-Prussian war 1866; The Southern German states annexation (the Ems telegram) and the Franco-Prussian war 1871. 9. Consequences of the German unification for the balance of power in Europe.