CH-46E STAN MANUAL
CHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
PARAGRAGH PAGE
INTRODUCTION...... 1000 1-2
SCHEDULING...... 1001 1-2
PREPARATION...... 1002 1-2
CREWDAY/CREWREST...... 1003 1-2
FLIGHT GEAR...... 1004 1-2
LOAD COMPUTATION ...... 1005 1-2
BRIEF FORMAT ...... 1006 1-2
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION ...... 1007 1-3
CHECKLIST UTILIZATION ...... 1008 1-4
TAXIING ...... 1009 1-4
FINAL WALK-AROUND ...... 1010 1-5
FUEL REQUIREMENTS ...... 1011 1-5
FLIGHT ...... 1012 1-5
HOTSEAT PROCEDURES ...... 1013 1-6
POST-FLIGHT INSPECTION ...... 1014 1-6
DEBRIEFING ...... 1015 1-6
PILOT MONTHLY INSPECTIONS ...... 1016 1-6
NATOPS OPEN AND CLOSED BOOK EXAMS ...... 1017 1-7
COURSE RULES...... 1018 1-7
CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT...... 1019 1-7
EMERGENCY EGRESS ...... 1020 1-7
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WEATHER MINIMUMS ...... 1021 1-7
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CHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
1000. INTRODUCTION.
1. In the course of helicopter flight training here at HMM(T)- 164, the student will be introduced to the elements of CH-46E helicopter flight. Students will be required to learn the precision skills that are characteristic of Marine Corps CH-46E pilots. This will require a tremendous amount of determination, initiative, and perseverance on the part of each student. In return, the staff and instructors (Pilot and Crew Chief) will do everything professionally possible to help the student accomplish this goal.
2. Learning to fly the CH-46E is a very challenging experience as well as very rewarding. Flight training at HMM(T)-164 is only the first step in becoming combat ready. The Marine Corps uses a stair step approach to training utilizing the Training and Readiness Manual volume III. Upon completion of the Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS) here at HMM(T)-164, the student will be designated a Helicopter Second Pilot (H2P) and be assigned to a fleet squadron. The student will continue the T&R syllabus within the fleet squadron to reach the combat ready phase as well as advanced designations such as Helicopter Aircraft Commander (HAC).
3. In order for students to learn what they need to know about flying the CH-46E, it is necessary for the student to become familiar with this standardization manual (CH-46E Stan Manual). This training involves close coordination between academics and flight instruction. The better a student understands the academic information, the easier it will be to learn the maneuvers in the helicopter. In addition to the CH-46E Stan Manual, the student is required to have a working knowledge of the following publications:
a. CH-46E NATOPS Manual b. OPNAV 3710.7_ c. NATOPS Instrument Flight Manual d. Sqd SOP for Flight Ops e. MCAS Camp Pendleton Air Operations Manual f. T&R volume I g. T&R volume III (pilots: chap 2, crew chief’s: chap 3) h. HMM(T)-164 Replacement Aircrew Systems Manual i. CH-46E Preflight and Component Recognition Manual
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j. Appropriate ISD and support lecture lessons k. MAG-39 and Sqd Read and Initial Boards l. MAWTS-1 Helicopter Night Vision Device (NVD) Manual 4. Learning to fly can be defined as developing the proper reaction to an experience in the aircraft. No one can understand the proper reaction to each step without preparation. A thorough working knowledge of procedures (flight and emergency) as well as aircraft systems and limitations is essential for your safe and successful completion of flight training here at HMM(T)-164. Each student must go beyond rote memorization of procedures and strive for a clear understanding of the aircraft systems, emergency procedures, limitations, and each flight manuever.
1001. SCHEDULING. Every crewmember is responsible for reading the flight schedule prior to the commencement of each day's activities and meeting the events for which the crewmember is scheduled.
1002. PREPARATION. All pilots will familiarize themselves with the appropriate sections of this manual as well as the associated sections of the references for their scheduled flight as well as the next two successive flights in case of any schedule changes. Each pilot is expected to be thoroughly familiar with each maneuver so that actual flight time is used to practice the maneuver instead of discussing it.
1003. CREW DAY/CREW REST. OPNAVINST 3710.7 gives specific guidance on the length of a crew day, however the HMM(T)-164 Commanding Officer’s policy states that commencement of the crew day will be figured by subtracting twelve (12) hours from your anticipated landing time. This can be extended to fourteen (14) hours with the Commanding Officer's approval. Crew day will be ten (10) hours for all night flights (unaided and NVG). The Commanding Officer's crew rest policy also states that personnel will be afforded, at a minimum, time to eat, transit between home and work, and eight (8)hours of uninterupted rest. These policies will be strictly enforced.
1004. FLIGHT GEAR. All crewmembers shall be in possession of the appropriate flight gear required for the flight scheduled. Pilots flying in the simulator will utilize their own helmets during the simulator flight.
1005. LOAD COMPUTATION. The load computation card will be filled out prior to each brief. It will be computed using the maximum expected temperatures and altitudes at the takeoff
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location. The destination computations will be filled out using forecast weather at the destination. Pilots should become flexible enough to be able to do a load computation card using the NATOPS Pocket Checklist(PCL). On flights where an internal or external payload is anticipated at the destination, calculate the necessary information on the destination side of the load computation card using the payload information.
1006. NATOPS BRIEF. A thorough NATOPS brief will be conducted prior to each flight using the NATOPS briefing guide. For simulator flights, only the applicable sections of the brief need to be covered. Additionally, the appropriate sections of the T&R Vol. 3 and this manual should be utilized as well as any other applicable publications. The Helicopter Aircraft Commander (HAC) is responsible for insuring all passengers and aircrew receive a thorough NATOPS brief. RAC’s will conduct NATOPS briefs for late stage FAM’s, 120 level codes and 170 level codes.
1007. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION.
1. The preflight inspection begins with a review of the Aircraft Discrepancy Book (ADB). Minor discrepancies are often carried forward on maintenance records until the next scheduled maintenance inspection or until replacement parts can be acquired. These uncorrected minor discrepancies are provided to forewarn the aircrew of existing deficiencies. Downing discrepancies, those that make the aircraft not safe for flight, must be signed off by a maintenance controller, as evidence that the dicrepancies have been corrected before the HAC can accept the helicopter for flight. If an aircraft is Partial Mission Capable (PMC) due to a degraded system, confirm with Maintenance Control that the minimum required equipment is still available to complete the event. The Aircraft Commander shall read the maintenance records of the previous ten flights and sign for the aircraft.
2. The preflight inspection is a visual inspection of the helicopter prior to flight. It is intended to determine if the helicopter is mechanically sound, and that there are no discrepancies which could preclude a safe flight. If doubt exists, a qualified maintenance inspector will provide a reliable recommendation. A thorough inspection for tools or rags adrift, and that various fittings are properly secured, will avoid potential hazards. The preflight inspection shall be conducted in accordance with the current NATOPS Flight Manual. Ask questions of instructor pilots and crewchiefs to help you
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learn as much as possible about aircraft systems and nomenclature. The preflight checklist found in Section XI of the CH-46E NATOPS Flight Manual lists a detailed preflight inspection which will aid in learning the preflight inspection. Aircraft are available in the hangar and the flightline. Coordination will be made with Maintenance Control prior to practiciing preflight and cockpit procedures.
3. All aircrew shall be held accountable for a working knowledge of the aircraft. Preflight items shall be introduced and demonstrated by instructor pilots during the FAM 108 (prior to the first aircraft flight, FAM-109). The HMM(T)-164 Preflight Inspection and Component Recognition Manual is an excellent tool to be utilized as a guide in preparation for FAM 108.
4. The CH-46E preflight is divided into subsections as listed in the NATOPS PCL. At a minimum, all preflight demonstrations shall include the items listed in the PCL.
5. FAM 108 shall include, but is not limited to, the following:
a. Discuss Operation Duty Officer (ODO) and NATOPS briefs.
b. Discuss the CH-46E preflight CD ROM. Replacement Aircrew (RAC’s) and Refresher Pilot’s shall view this CD ROM prior to FAM 108.
c. Tour of the maintenance area. (Flight Equipment/QA/Maintenance Control)
d. Discuss the ADB and Flight Equipment issue.
e. Preflight entire aircraft using the PCL and the component recognition manual as a guide. Preflight will be evaluated on FAM 116 (Progress check).
f. Perform prestart checklist.
g. Discuss visual communication with hand signals ashore (start/engage/shutdown).
h. Normal cockpit ingress/egress and hotseat procedures.
i. Emergency egress procedures, if not received in a formal Egress class.
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j. Discuss postflight items.
k. Command Navigation and Communication System (CNCS) FAM - basic functions (TCN/IFF/RADIOS)
1008. CHECKLIST UTILIZATION. The NATOPS Pocket Check List (PCL) shall be used on all flights for start-up and shutdown of the aircraft. The PCL also contains the checklists for Hot Refueling, Emergency Throttle and Aircraft Emergencies. Utilize the placard on the instrument panel for takeoff and landing checks. The challenge and response method shall be used on all checklists.
1009. TAXIING. Only approved taxi signals will be used and sufficient ground control personnel must be available to provide for safe taxiing of helicopters when in the vicinity of other aircraft or obstructions. Taxi directors will be used anytime there is an aircraft beside, directly in front of, directly behind your aircraft, or anytime there is doubt as to aircraft clearance. Taxi directors shall be utilized when taxiing into and out of parking spots whenever another aircraft of any type occupies an adjacent spot and in the fuel pit environment. Additionally, taxi directors with lighted wands shall be used when taxiing in the vicinity of the flight line and the fuel pits during hours of darkness. It is important to remember that the safe and orderly taxiing of any aircraft rests with the pilots, and that all taxi signals are advisory in nature, except for the stop/hold signal. Away from homefield, taxi directors are required whenever an aircraft will pass within 100 feet of an obstacle. If rotor separation becomes less than 25 feet, STOP, SHUT DOWN the aircraft and tow it clear of the obstacle.
1010. FINAL WALK-AROUND. After the aircraft is taxied clear of the parking spot, the crewchief or taxi director shall walk around the aircraft inspecting for the security of all panels, windows and the operation of external lights.
1011. FUEL REQUIREMENTS. Fuel requirements will be computed for all flights in accordance with OPNAVINST 3710.7_. CH-46E aircraft shall be landed with no less than 200 pounds per side. Bingo fuel will be planned and briefed for each flight.
1012. HOT REFUELING. The hot refueling checklist located in the NATOPS pocket checklist will be used for all hot refueling evolutions. Additionally, the pilot’s windows shall be closed, and their helmet visors shall be down.
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1013. FLIGHT.
1. Hover Checks. NATOPS recommends a hover check prior to each takeoff in order to ascertain power available, power required, engine operation and aircraft load characteristics. All pilots shall comply with this NATOPS recommendation.
2. Simulated Emergencies/Systems Failures. Simulated emergencies will not be practiced with non-aircrew aboard. Simulated emergencies will be conducted in accordance with the current NATOPS Flight Manual, as necessary, to meet the requirements established by the T&R Manual for each syllabus flight. In no case shall multiple simulated emergencies/system failures be conducted, (i.e., AFCS off and emergency throttle operation at the same time). Care should be taken to brief each pilot's responsibilities for simulated emergencies/system failures during the preflight brief.
3. Practice single-engine landings. Practice single engine landings at other than approved, paved, level fields are prohibited. Practice single-engine approaches may be performed at other than approved areas or airfields with recovery to be made at not less than 200 feet AGL and 40 KIAS and both engines in FLY.
4. Practice autorotations. Practice autorotations should be performed to a hard surfaced runway with a crash crew available. Practice autorotations may be performed at other than approved landing areas or airfields with recovery to be made at not less than 200 feet AGL and not less than 40 KIAS. Practice autorotations with passengers aboard are prohibited.
5. Look-out doctrine and Traffic calls. Look-out sectors will be breifed by the HAC. For standardization, traffic calls will incorporate type of traffic, clock code in relation to aircraft nose, high/level/low, and factor/no-factor. An example might sound like, “Traffic, Cobra, 2 o’clock, low, no factor.”
1014. HOTSEAT PROCEDURES. Aircraft commanders shall ensure that the conduct of hotseating is thoroughly briefed, when applicable, prior to flight. The hotseat checklist contained in Sqd SOP for Flight Ops will be used. The following is general guidance for hotseating:
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1. Have crewchief or on-coming pilot remove all NAV bags from tunnel area to allow a clear, unobstructed entry into the cockpit.
2. Outgoing pilot moves seat full down and aft, rudder pedals full forward, extends seat belts straps and lays them aside and announces disconnecting ICS.
3. Pilot at the controls (PAC) holds cyclic neutral and collective full down.
4. The on-coming pilot enters the cockpit with hands free of any publications or equipment. PAC guards the controls with cyclic neutral and collective full down.
5. The on-coming pilot will maintain three points of contact when entering the cockpit until seated. Once the on-coming pilot is seated and strapped in, hook up the ICS, and check ICS contact. Check the overhead panel and center console to ensure all switches/knobs are in the correct position.
6. The outgoing HAC will proceed directly to Maintenance Control and advise them of any pertinent discrepancies then sign hot seat portion of the Part A.
1015. POST-FLIGHT INSPECTION. A post-flight inspection shall be conducted after every flight in accordance with the current NATOPS Flight Manual to determine if there are specific areas which should receive immediate maintenance attention prior to another flight. New discrepancies should be recorded so that timely and complete maintenance actions can be performed.
1016. DEBRIEFING. A complete debriefing shall be conducted for all flights and should contain constructive criticism on all portions of the flight. Keep in mind that the more detailed and timely the debrief is, the more the crew will gain.
1017. PILOT MONTHLY INSPECTIONS. The Quality Assurance Officer is responsible for administering the pilot monthly inspection program. The main objective of the program is to provide a better quality aircraft to the aircrew. The inspection will be conducted by those pilots indicated on the pilot monthly grease board found in the ready room. Pilot monthly’s may be conducted in conjunction with a FAM 108 preflight.
1018. NATOPS OPEN AND CLOSED BOOK EXAMINATION. Replacement aircrew and refresher pilots will complete the NATOPS Open Book
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Examination prior to commencing the flight syllabus. Chapter 17 of the CH-46E NATOPS Manual specifically states that one (1) week shall be allowed to complete the open book examination. The NATOPS Closed Book Examination shall be completed at least three days prior to the CCX-172. Instructor Pilots will complete the NATOPS Open and Closed Book examinations no later than the first day of the month their respective NATOPS flight evaluation is due.
1019. COURSE RULES. Prior to commencing flight operations at HMM(T)-164, it is required that all pilots complete the approved MAG-39 Course Rules test that is provided in Annex N of the Camp Pendleton Air Operations Manual. RAC’s will receive a class on the local course rules prior to taking the test. Instructor Pilots will complete the MAG-39 Course Rules test no later than the first day of the month their respective NATOPS flight evaluation is due in order to meet annual requirements.
1020. CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. All aircrew will be current in Crew Resource Management (CRM) or they will not fly. Refresher pilots and RAC’s will receive the appropriate refresher or initial CH-46E CRM class prior to the commencement of their flight syllabus. Instructor Pilots will complete their annual CRM academic requirements prior to completion of their respective annual CRM check flight. The annual CRM Check Flight can be scheduled in conjunction with the annual NATOPS evaluation flight or CCX-172.
1021. EMERGENCY EGRESS. Initial CH-46E emergency egress classes will be given in the hangar. The class will consist of a summary of topics covered at the Water Survival Training course such as egress techniques, actions taken after egress, and survival priorities. To the maximum extent possible all aircrew will be given the opportunity to perform “out the door” egress on a static aircraft in the hangar using a B-4 stand. Instructor Pilots will complete their annual egress training prior to completion of their respective NATOPS flight evaluation.
1022. WEATHER MINIMUM. Prior to commencing syllabus or non- syllabus flight events, the aircraft commander shall ensure that the prevailing and forecast weather are above published minimums. For RAC/refresher instrument syllabus flights, single piloted criteria will be used for determining take-off and alternate weather minimums IAW OPNAVINST 3710.7_ and the MAG-39 Risk Assessment Worksheet (RAW). The following weather minimums apply to HMM(T)-164 personnel:
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MINIMUM FLIGHT EVENT CIG/VIS
DAY SYLLABUS EVENTS 800/2 OUTSIDE LOCAL PATTERN
DAY FORMATION SYLLABUS 1000/3
TERRAIN FLIGHT (TERF) 1000/3 (above terf area)
DAY SPECIAL VFR (WITHIN 500/1 CLASS D AIRSPACE)(note 1)
FUNCTIONAL CHECK FLIGHTS 1000/3 (note 2)
NIGHT SYLLABUS EVENTS 1000/3
NIGHT VISION GOGGLE (NVG) 1000/3 SYLLABUS EVENTS (note 3)
Notes: (1) Night SVFR not authorized. (2) SVFR with Commanding Officer's approval. (3) High Light Level (HLL) minimum .0022 lux.
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