Regional Studies in Public Diplomacy: Latin America PUBD 520 University of Southern California Fall 2012 Dr. Pamela K. Starr

Office: STO 99 Phone: 213-740-4122 Office Hours: TTh 3-5 and by appt. Email: [email protected]

Course Description and Content: This course will look at the use of public diplomacy at it relates to Latin America during the last century: US-Latin American relations, Intra-Latin American Relations, and Latin America’s relations with the rest of the world. Latin America is a developing region characterized by western values and where most countries won their independence nearly 200 years ago. Latin America thus offers an outstanding laboratory for analyzing the role and effectiveness of public diplomacy between “strong” and “weak” countries, in different policy contexts and at different points in time, yet in a region whose shared western traditions should provide a fairly conducive context for effective public diplomacy.

As a weak region in terms of “hard power”, Latin America has always relied heavily on “soft power” in its relations with the rest of the world. Even in intra-Latin America relations where military and economic coercion is evident, including occasional wars, countries still rely heavily on convincing rather than coercing one another. The United States and other world powers, meanwhile, have been able to draw on a much larger policy tool box in their relations with Latin America. In these cases, two realities point to interesting policy puzzles. First, the same set of tools applied by 1) different world powers under similar circumstances, 2) the same world power in the same Latin American country at different points in time, and 3) the same world power at the same point in time but in different countries have often generated very different policy outcomes. Second, these cases evidence a gradual transition from an early 20th in which great power relations with Latin America were dominated by hard power tools to an early 21st century in which soft power, including public diplomacy, has come to play an integral policy role.

The course will attempt to illuminate these policy puzzles, to look closely at these interrelated characteristics of foreign policy in the Americas, and thereby to better understand the use and effectiveness of soft power tools, and specifically public diplomacy. It will take a largely chronological approach to this task in an effort to isolate the impact of time versus those related to the balance of power and national peculiarities. It will regularly compare the foreign policies of the United States with those of Latin America and other extra-regional actors. And it will differentiate between the public diplomacy of nation states from that of non-state actors such as corporations, academics, NGOs, and the church. And it will rely on several case studies—discussed through academic publications, speeches and other primary sources, movies, and the news—to illuminate and analyze the role of soft power and public diplomacy in the Americas.

1 Course Requirements: Attendance and Participation: 10% "Eighty percent of success is showing up". --Woody Allen

Class discussion of the course readings forms an essential foundation for this seminar. Students must be prepared to discuss the required readings on the days for which they are assigned. Although the professor will not formally take attendance in this course, the absence of any student in a seminar setting will be noted. More to the point, since the information contained these discussions forms an essential pillar of the class, it will be very difficult for you to perform well without regular attendance. I therefore encourage you to heed Woody Allen's words of wisdom.

Two Short Discussion Papers: 30% (15% each)

Each student will write two short papers (1000-1300 words; about 4-5 pages) inspired by the assigned readings for a given week. This short essay will briefly lay out the foreign policy challenge under study and the use of soft power in addressing it before turning to an analysis of the events. This analysis should consider what these events illuminate about the use of soft power policy tools, especially their operation and utility, and what lessons they provide for policy makers. The essay should also aim to be sufficiently provocative to spur discussion. This is particularly important since the paper writers for each week will help to lead the class discussion.

Student presentations: 20%

On November 10, during the section on “New Actors on the Stage”, students will analyze the use of the media in public diplomacy in the Americas. The conclusions of their research will be presented to the class and should be based in a clear argument about the use of public diplomacy in the foreign policy of state and/or non-state actors and supported by video and print sources.

Semester Project: 40% Term Paper 30% Class Presentation 10%

Students will analyze a current case of the use of soft power and/or public diplomacy in the foreign policy of a state or non-state actor in the Americas. It might be an analysis of an individual actor’s reaction to a specific event, a comparison of different actors’ reactions to a given event, changes in an actor’s policy tactics over time, etc. (these are suggestions, not constraints).

The written portion of this assignment will be in the form of a report addressed to the foreign minister of the selected country. The report should be about 5000 words (about 20 pages) in length, preceded by a 300-500 word executive summary, which addresses the content and effectiveness of soft power tools (with an emphasis on public diplomacy) 2 in advancing the foreign policy objective under analysis. The report should identify the policy objective, the political context in the target country or countries, and the compliment of policy tools employed to advance this aim (emphasizing the specific role of soft power/public diplomacy). It should then analyze and explain the relative utility of this mix of policy tools and offer policy recommendations designed to increase its effectiveness.

On the last day of class students will present their findings. These presentations will be addressed to the foreign minister/NGO director (the instructor) and her senior staff (the rest of the class). This presentation should be succinct and brief (10-12 minutes), allowing time for clarifying questions (15-20 minutes).

Book Recommended for Purchase: Gregory Weeks, U.S. and Latin American Relations, Pearson Education, 2008.

Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, eds. Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, 2nd ed., Rowman and Littlefield, 2007.

Outline of Class Topics:

Weeks 1-2: Thinking about Public Diplomacy in the Americas

Week 3-4: From Gunboats to Good Neighbors: The Rise of Public Diplomacy Week 3: Pan-Americanism and Dollar Diplomacy in the Early 20th Century Week 4: Good Neighbor Diplomacy

Week 5: Public Diplomacy Shifts South: The Early Cold War in Latin America

Week 6-7: Echoes of Cuba in the Americas Week 6: The Battle for Latin American Hearts and Minds Week 7: “We Beat the Yankees”: Cuban Public Diplomacy

Week 8-9: The Second Cold War Week 8: Civil Wars, Democracy and Human Rights Week 9: The Free Market Mantra of the 1990s

Week 10-12: New Actors on the Stage Week 10: The Public Diplomacy of Non-State Actors Week 11: China Comes Calling Week 12: Student Presentations

Week 13-14: Echoes of Iraq in Latin America Week 13: Hugo Chavez on a Hemispheric Stage Week 14: The Region Responds Week 15: Student Presentations

3 Readings

Introduction

August 25: Guantanamo vs Bolivar: Thinking about Public Diplomacy in the Americas

Hakim, Peter. “Is Washington Losing Latin America?” Foreign Affairs (85:1) 2006: 39-53.

Lisa Haugaard, “Tarnished Image: Latin America Perceives the United States”, The Latin America Working Group Education Fund, March 2006. http://lawg.nonprofitsoapbox.com/storage/lawg/documents/tarnished%20image.pdf Just skim this article. Read the executive summary and the boxed news reports, review all the tables and graphs and the comics.

Julia Sweig, Friendly Fire, New York: Public Affairs, Council on Foreign Relations, 2006: 2-17 & 219-222.

Daniel Howden, “The Battle for Bolivar”, The Independent, 11 March 2006. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/the-battle-for-bolivar-behind-the-myth-of-el- libertador-469397.html

Sweig, Julia. “The Dark Stain of Guantanamo.” The Baltimore Sun, 8 June 2006. http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0608-22.htm

Chavez, Hugo. Speech at the opening of the G-15 Summit, Caracas, Venezuela, 1 March 2004. http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/docs.php?dno=1011

Excerpts from Latin Barometer Surveys, 2005 and 2007.

Latinobarmetro 2008 poll. Pages 18-20, 35, 38-40, 82-83 (skim 84-101). http://www.latinobarometro.org/docs/INFORME_LATINOBAROMETRO_2008.pdf

Students without a background in Public Diplomacy should read: Nicholas Cull, “Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories,” The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science 61, no. 3 (March 2008).

September 1: Public Diplomacy in Foreign Relations

Christopher Hill, “Foreign Policy” and James Der Derian, “Diplomacy” in Joel Krieger, ed., The Oxford Campanion to Politics of the World. Oxford University Press, 1993: pp. 312-314 & 244-246.

Joseph Nye, “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power” in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol 616 (March 2008): 94-109.

4 Robert A. Pape, “Soft Balancing Against the United States”, International Security, 30:1 (Summer 2005): 7-45.

Manuel Castells, “The New Public Sphere” in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol 616 (March 2008): 78-93.

John Ikenberry, “Socialization and Hegemonic Power”, chapter 2 in Liberal Order and Imperial Ambition. Polity Press, 2006: 51-87.

Dana Priest, The Mission: Waging War and Keeping Peace with America’s Military Norton, 2004: 11-57 (Introduction & chapters 1-2).

Recall Hakim article and Polling Data on Regional Attitudes toward the US and US ideas from last week.

From Gunboats to Good Neighbors: The Rise of Public Diplomacy in the Americas

September 8: From Big Sticks to Aggressive Diplomacy Looks at the emergence of public diplomacy in the Americas during the early 20th century, focusing on its foundations in the 19th century and its implementation in Central America and Mexico.

Gregory Weeks, U.S. and Latin American Relations: chapters 3 (skim) and 4.

A.P. Whitaker, The Western Hemisphere Idea, Its Rise and Decline, Cornell University Press, 1954: Chapters 1-3.

Fredrick Pike, “Wild People in Wild Lands”, in Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, eds., Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, 2nd edition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: 35-50.

J. Manuel Espinosa. “Pan-American Movement”, in Inter-American Beginnings of U.S. Cultural Diplomacy, 1936-1948. Bureau of Educational and cultural Affairs, US Department of State, Washington, DC: 1976. Chapter 1 (pp. 7-28).

Emily S. Rosenberg and Norman L. Rosenberg. “From Colonialism to Professionalism: The Public-Private Dynamic in United States Foreign Financial Advising, 1898-1929” in Paul Drake, ed. Money Doctors, Foreign Debts, and Economic Reforms in Latin America. Scholary Press Books, 1994: 59-83.

Selections from Robert Freeman Smith, “The United States and the Mexican Revolution, 1921-1950” in Jaime E. Rodriquez O and Kathryn Vincent, eds., Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings, Scholarly Resources, 1997 (pp. 181-189) and from Josefina Zoraida Vazquez and Lorenzo Meyer, The United States and Mexico, University of Chicago Press, 1985 (pp. 133-138).

5 Stanley Ross. “Dwight W. Morrow: Ambassador to Mexico”, The Americas 14:3 (January 1958): 273-289.

September 15: Good Neighbor Diplomacy Continues the analysis of public diplomacy in the early 20th century, emphasizing the rise of the Good Neighbor Policy with its strong reliance on soft power and public diplomacy.

Gaston Nerval, “Autopsy of the Monroe Doctrine” in Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, eds., Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, 2nd edition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: 75-80

Bryce Wood. The Making of the Good Neighbor Policy, in Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, eds., Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, 2nd edition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: 101-107 (on the origins of the policy only)

Gerald Haines. “Under the Eagle’s Wing: The Franklin Roosevelt Administration Forges an American Hemisphere”. Diplomatic History 1:4 (1977): 373-88.

Michel Fortmann and David G. Haglund, “Public Diplomacy and Dirty Tricks: Two Faces of United States ‘Informal Penetration’ of Latin America on the Eve of World War II”, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 6:2 (July 1995): 536-577.

J. Manuel Espinosa. Inter-American Beginnings of U.S. Cultural Diplomacy, 1936-1948. Bureau of Educational and cultural Affairs, US Department of State, Washington, DC: 1976. Pages 67-71; 79-86; 89-91; 104-105; 111-137; 139-142; and 159-162. (skim to get a feel for the nature of cultural diplomacy in this era)

Eric Helleiner. “The Triffin Missions: American Financial Advisors and the Good Neighbor Policy”. Paper presented at the International Studies Association meeting, March 2006.

Robert Huesca, “The Mexican Oil Expropriation and the Ensuing Propaganda War”, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Papers on Latin America no. 88-04, 2004. http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/tpla/8804.pdf

Recommended:

Frederick Pike, FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos, University of Texas Press, 1995.

Gellman, Irwin F. Good Neighbor Diplomacy: United States Policies in Latin America, 1933-1945. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979.

6 Public Diplomacy Shifts South: The Early Cold War in Latin America

September 22: Pubic Diplomacy and Revolutionary Change Analyzes the conflicting policy goals of the US and Latin America during the 1950s, the new guise of US public diplomacy in the Americas, and the rise of public diplomacy in corporate and revolutionary foreign policy

Weeks, chapter 5.

President Truman’s first inaugural address. http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/50yr_archive/inagural20jan1949.htm

Dean Acheson, “What is Point Four?”, Department of State Bulletin, 26 (4 February 1952): 155-159.

George Kennan, “Latin America as a Problem in U.S. Foreign Policy” in Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, eds., Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, 2nd edition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: 123-134.

Blasier, Cole. The Hovering Giant. Sections on Bolivia reprinted in Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, eds., Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, 2nd edition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: 135-148.

Stephen Rabe, Eisenhower and Latin America: the Foreign Policy of Anticommunism, University of North Carolina Press, 1988: chapter 2.

Tye, Larry. “Going to War” (chapter 8) in The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations. Henry Holt and Company, 1998: 155-184.

Alan Luxenberg, “Did Eisenhower Push Castro into the Arms of the Soviet Union?”, Neighborly Adversaries, pp. 159-173.

Anthony DePalma. The Man Who Invented Fidel: Castro, Cuba, and Herbert Matthews of the New York Times, PublicAffairs Books, 2006: chapters 5-6 and 147-162.

Herbert Matthews. “Cuban Rebel Is Visited in Hideout”, New York Times (24 February 1957), page 1. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/matthews.htm

“Leader of Cuba’s Revolt Tells What’s Coming Next” , interview with Fidel Castro, US News and World Report (16 March 1959).

Recommended: Stephen Schlesinger and Stehen Kinser, “Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala” in Neighborly Adversaries, pp. 149-158.

7 Stephen Rabe, Eisenhower and Latin America: the Foreign Policy of Anticommunism, University of North Carolina Press, 1988: chapters 1-4 & 7.

Paterson, Thomas G. Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution. Oxford University Press, N.Y.: 1994.

Echoes of Cuba in the Americas

September 29: The Battle for Latin American Hearts and Minds Looks at key public diplomacy and soft power components of the US response to Castro, including the Alliance for Progress and the Peace Corps, and contrasts this with Soviet policy in the region.

Weeks, chapter 6.

President Kennedy’s Missile Crisis Speech, http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=P7YkJxQT_0Y

John F. Kennedy, “Preliminary Formulations of the Alliance for Progress”, Address given at a White House Reception for Latin American Diplomats and Members of Congress, March 13, 1961. The Department of State Bulletin, XLIV, No. 1136 (April 3, 1961), pp, 471-474. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1961kennedy-afp1.html

“President John F. Kennedy and the Alliance for Progress”, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Co6rjlprsg

Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onis, “The Alliance that Lost its Way” in Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, eds., Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, 2nd edition. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: 179-191.

Gary May, “Passing the Torch and Lighting the Fires: The Peace Corps”, in Thomas Patterson, ed., Kennedy’s Quest for Victory, Oxford University Press, 1989: 284- 316 (skim Ethiopia case).

James Siekmeier, “A Sacrifical Llama? The Expulsion of the Peace Corps from Bolivia in 1971” Pacific Historical Review 69:1 (February 2000): 65-87.

Robert E. Kingsley, “The Public Diplomacy of U.S. Business Abroad: The Experience of Latin America”, Journal of Inter-American Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3, (July 1967), pp. 413-428.

Recomended: Stephen Rabe. The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America, University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

October 6: “We Beat the Yankees”: Cuban Public Diplomacy

8 Explores the origins of Cuba’s creative reliance on soft power and public diplomacy to survive on the border of a hostile great power.

Jorge Dominguez, To Make a World Save for Revolution: Cuba’s Foreign Policy, Harvard University Press, 1989: Introduction (pp. 1-7). http://books.google.com/books? hl=en&lr=&id=_BpGRtcwG98C&oi=fnd&pg=PA7&dq=%22cuban+foreign+policy %22+j-dom %C3%ADnguez&ots=KCou_y1aVK&sig=YCcsQi56SOLd04TgyH96efbxRFE#PPP13, M1

H. Michael Erisman, “Cuban Development Aid” in H. Michael Erisman and John M, Kirk., eds., Cuban Foreign Policy Confronts a New International Order, Boulder, Lynne Rienner, 1991: 139-165 (skim pages 141-148)

Michael Bustamente and Julia Sweig, “Buena Vista Solidarity and the Axis of Aid”, in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol 616 (March 2008): 223-256 (focus on sections on Cuba).

Julie M. Feinsilver, Healing the Masses: Cuban Health Politics at Home and Abroad. University of California Press, 1993: chapters 1 & 6.

Mark Richmond, “Exporting the Educational Revolution” in H. Michael Erisman and John M, Kirk., eds., Cuban Foreign Policy Confronts a New International Order, Boulder, Lynne Rienner, 1991: 167-179.

John Wallach, “Fidel Castro and the United States Press”, in William Ratliff, ed., The Selling of Fidel Castro: The Media and the Cuban Revolution. Transaction Books, U.S.A: 1987: 129-155.

Barbara Walters, “An Interview with Fidel Castro”. Foreign Policy 28 (1977).

The Second Cold War

October 13: Civil Wars, Democracy and Human Rights (Readings to be Revised) Examines public diplomacy in Latin America during the 1970s and 1980s.

Weeks, chapters 7 & 10.

David Schmitz and Vanessa Walker, “Jimmy Carter and the Foreign Policy of Human Rights”, Diplomatic History 28:1 (2004): 113-143 (skim).

Kathryn Sikkink. “Human Rights, Principled Issue-Networks, and Sovereignty in Latin America,” International Organization, 47: 3 (1993), pp. 411-441.

Tomas Carothers, “The Reagan Years: The 1980s” in Abraham F. Lowenthal, ed., Exporting Democracy, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991: 90-122.

9 Cristian Smith. Resisting Reagan: The US Central American Peace Movement, University of Chicago Press,1996: chapters 8 & 9.

Juanita Darling, Latin America, Media and Revolution, Palgrave, 2008 (selections from introduction and chapter 4).

Recall readings on Cuban foreign aid.

Recommended: Katherine Sikkink, Mixed Signals: US Human Rights Policy and Latin America, Cornell University Press, 2004.

William Cummings, "New York Times Reactions to the Election of Salvador Allende", http://www.janus.umd.edu/Feb2002/allendewill/01.html

Juan Gabriel Valdes, Pinochet’s Economists: The Chicago School in Chile, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Schoultz, Lars. Human Rights and Unites States Policy Toward Latin America. Princeton University Press, N.J.: 1981.

October 20: The Free Market Mantra of the 1990s Examines the of role soft power in Latin America’s shift from protectionism to free trade in the late 1980s and 1990s.

Weeks, chapter 8.

Recall Ikenberry from September 3.

Pamela K. Starr. “Pax Americana in Latin America: The Hegemony behind Free Trade”. In Jorge I. Dominguez and Kim Byung-Kook, eds. East Asia, Latin America, and the “New” Pax Americana, Routledge, 2005.

Patricio Silva. “Technocrats and Politics in Chile: From the Chicago Boys to the CIEPLAN Monks” in Paul Drake, ed.: 205-230.

Sarah Babb, “Neoliberalism and the Rise of the New Money Doctors.” in Gerald Epstein, ed., Financialization and the World Economy. New York: Edward Elgar, 2005: 243- 59

Toss Eisenstadt. “The Rise of the Mexico Lobby in Washington: Even Further from God, and Even Closer to the United States”. In Rodolfo de la Garza and Jesus Velasco, eds. Bridging the Border: Transforming Mexico-US Relations, Rowman & Littlefield, 1997: 89-124.

10 The Free Trade debate in the media.

New Actors on the Stage

October 27: The Public Diplomacy of Non-State Actors Focuses on the expanding role of a growing array of non-state actors whose public diplomacy is reshaping the nature of foreign policy in the region.

Recall Sikkink and Smith from October 18.

Margaret E. Keck and Katheryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, 1998: chapters 1 & 4 (skim section on Malaysia).

Margaret Crahan, “International Aspects of the Role of the Catholic Church in Central America”, in Richard E. Feinberg, ed., 213-235.

Cristian Smith. Resisting Reagan: The US Central American Peace Movement, University of Chicago Press,1996: chapter 6.

Steve Brouwer, et al. Exporting the American Gospel: Global Christian Fundamentalism, Routledge, 1996, chapters 1 & 4 (Introduction & Guatemala).

Juanita Darling, “Zapatismo in Mexico and Cyberspace”, in Latin America, Media and Revolution, Palgrave, 2008: chapter 5.

Jerry W. Knudson, “Rebellion in Chiapas: Insurrection by Internet and Public Relations”, Media, Culture & Society, vol. 20, 1998, 507-518.

Readings on Narcodiplomacy to be added.

John Burnett, “Mexican Drug Cartels Now Menace Social Media” NPR, All Things Considered, 23 September 2011. http://www.npr.org/2011/09/23/140745739/mexican-drug-cartels-now-menace-social- media

November 3: China Comes Calling (Readings to be revised) Analyzes Chinese interests, actions, and soft power in Latin America.

David Shambaugh, “China’s New Foray Into Latin America”, YaleGlobal Online, 17 November 2008. http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/china%E2%80%99s-new-foray-latin-america

11 Richard Feinberg, China, Latin America, and the United States: Congruent Interests or Tectonic Turbulence?”, Latin American Research Review, 46:2 (2011): 215- 224.

Yiwei Wang, “Public Diplomacy and the Rise of Chinese Soft Power”; The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 616 (March 2008): 257-273 (skim).

Xiang Lanxin, “An Alternative Chinese View,” in Riordan Roett and Guadalupe Paz, eds., China’s Expansion into the Western Hemisphere, Brookings Institution Press, 2008, pp. 44-58.

Javier Noya, “The Public Diplomacy of the Authoritarian Regimes in China and Venezuela”. Real Instituto Elcano, January 2008. http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documentos/WP2008/WP3- 2008_Noya_Public_Diplomacy_China_Venezuela.pdf

Simon Romero, “Tensions Over Chinese Mining Venture in Peru” New York Times (15 August 2010). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/15/world/americas/15chinaperu.html?_r=1&ref=world

Christian Caryl, “Panda-Hugger Hangover”, Foreignpolicy.com, 4 August 2010. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/08/04/panda_hugger_hangover

November 10: First Student Presentations

Echoes of Iraq in Latin America

November 17: Hugo Chavez on the Hemispheric Stage (Readings to be revised) Examines Hugo Chavez’ use of public diplomacy to create an “anti-imperialist” alliance in Latin America and contrasts this with Brazilian and Mexican policy.

Recall Noya from last week.

Michael Bustamente and Julia Sweig, “Buena Vista Solidarity and the Axis of Aid”, in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol 616 (March 2008): 223-256 (focus on sections on Venezuela).

Javier Corrales, “Using Social Power to Balance Soft Power: Venezuela’s Foreign Policy”, The Washington Quarterly 34:2 (October 2009): 97-114.

Andrew Hurrell, “Brazil and the New Global Order” and Sean Burges, “Brazil as Regional Leader: Meeting the Chavez Challenge” in Current History (February 2010)

12 Joel D. Hirst, “The Bolivarian Alliance of the Americas - Hugo Chavez’s Bold Plan,” Exchange: The Magazine for International Business and Diplomacy (December 2010).

Michael Fox, “Defining the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA)”, Venezuelanalysis, 4 August 2006. http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/1870

Juan Forero, “And Now, the News in Latin America’s View”, New York Times, 16 May 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/16/international/americas/16venez.html

Paulo Prado and Matt Moffett, “Brazil Makeover Helped Humala Shed His Chavez Image”, Wall Street Journal, 7 June 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304474804576369940548775726.htm l

Examples of Chavez Public Diplomacy.

Images of Lula’s Public Diplomacy.

Starr in PD magazine http://mexicotaxiproject.com/

Recommended:

Javier Corrales and Michael Penfold, Dragon in the Tropics, Brookings Institution, 2011.

November 24: The United States Responds (Readings to be revised) Looks at the US response to Chavez and the role and effectiveness of public diplomacy in its strategy.

The Global Context Joseph S. Nye, “The Future of American Power: Dominance and Decline in Perspective”, Foreign Affairs, November/December 2010, 2-12.

G. John Ikenberry, “The Future of the Liberal World Order”, Foreign Affairs 90:3 (May/June 2011): 56-68.

Anne-Marie Slaughter, “America’s Edge: Power in the Networked Century”, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2009, 94-113.

Clay Shirky, “The Political Power of Social Media”, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2011: 28-41.

U.S. Policy in Latin America

13 Weeks chapters 9 & 11.

Russell Crandall, “The Post-America Hemisphere”, Foreign Affairs 90:3 (May/June 2011): 83-95.

Michael Shifter, “Obama and Latin America: New Beginnings, Old Frictions”, Current History (February 2009).

Barack Obama, “Remarks by President Barack Obama for the opening of the Summit of the Americas”, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 17 April 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/first100days/2009/04/17/obamas-opening-remarks- summit-americans/

Jose Miguel Insulsa, Speech by OAS Secretary General at the Council of the Americas, Washington, DC, 13 April 2009. http://www.oas.org/en/about/speech_secretary_general.asp?sCodigo=09-0028

Articles on Obama trip to Latin America, March 2011.

Judith McHale, “Public Diplomacy and Social Media in Latin America”, 29 March 2011 speech at John’s Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Washington, DC.

Review web site for U.S. Southern Command

Pew Global attitudes, 2009 polls for views of the United States, summary and chapters 2 and 5. http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/264.pdf

*Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, "Renewing the U.S.-Latin American Alliance For Progress, 50 Years Later," The Atlantic, September 15, 2011.

Recommended: Sanford Ungar. “Imperfect Pitch: The Trouble at the Voice of America”, Foreign Affairs (May/June 2005): 7-13.

Jesse Lichtenstein, “Digital Diplomacy”, New York Times Magazine (12 July 2010). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/18/magazine/18web2-0-t.html?ref=magazine

Hillary Clinton, “Remarks At TecMilenio University”, Monterrey, Mexico, 26 March 2009. http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2009a/03/120955.htm

December 1: Final Student Presentations

14