Art Final Exam Study Guide

Your best study guide is your notes from your PowerPoint’s in class or the test

This is just a general guideline of what could be on your final exam

Make sure you bring a pencil with an eraser to class on exam day.

You also need to bring your notebook with you

Also, if you have your own colored pencils or markers bring them. If not you will have to use what is in the marker, colored pencils)

1) The Elements of Art are the building blocks that the artist puts together to create a work of art.

2) All artwork will have some or all of the elements of art.

3) The seven elements of art are the following:

1. Line

2. Shape

3. Color

4. Value

5. Form

6. Space

7. Texture (visual & actual)

 Implied or real 2

4) The Principles of Design are the rules that govern how artists organize the elements of art.

5) The eight Principles of Design are the following:

1. Rhythm

2. Movement

3. Balance

4. Proportion

5. Variety

6. Emphasis

7. Harmony

8. Variety

6) The medium of an artwork is the type of material used to make art.

7) Here are some examples of different types of a medium (but these are not ALL of them):

1. Pencil

2. Ink

3. Tempera Paint

4. Acrylic Paint

5. Colored Pencil

1. Oil Pastel

2. Paper

3. Soft Pastel

4. Watercolor Pencil

5. Watercolor paint

6. Charcoal 3

6. Pastel Pencil

8) Two-dimensional art: Has height and width, but no depth. (Flat)

9) Three-dimensional art: Has height, width, and depth. (Sculpture)

10) Depth – make something look 3-D on a 2-D surface

11) Picture plane: The surface of you drawing paper or canvas.

12) The 3 basic features of a work of art are:

1. Subject

2. Composition

3. Content

13) The subject is what image you can immediately recognize in the artwork.

14) The composition is the way the principles of design are used to organize the elements of art.

15) The content / theme is the message that the work of art is communicating.

Elements of Art

16) Line is a continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point.

1. The 5 characteristics of Line:

 Length

 Width

 Texture

 Direction

 Degree of the curve 4

2. The 6 types of line:

 Outline

 Contour

 Gesture

 Sketch

 Implied

 Structural

3. Line personalities- horizontal, diagonal, curved, vertical

4. Static – still/calm/horizontal/vertical

5. Active – action/diagonal/curved Shape

17) Shape is an enclosed space defined and determined by other art elements.

18) The categories of shape are:

1. Geometric – Shape with a name (square, triangle, circle, etc.)

2. Organic – Shape with no name

3. Positive - Object

4. Negative – Space around the object Color

19) Color is produced by light of various wavelengths.

20) Hue is the name of the color.

21) A color wheel is a tool used to organize colors.

22) Rainbow is a natural color spectrum (circular color chart)

23) Sir Isaac Newton designed the first circle color diagram in 1666.

24) There are 3 categories of that colors fit into. They are: 5

1. Primary

2. Secondary

3. Intermediate

25) The primary colors are yellow, blue, and red. You cannot create a primary color with any other colors.

26) The secondary colors are orange, purple, and green. You have to mix 2 primary colors to create a secondary color.

27) The intermediate colors are red-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, etc. You have to mix a primary and a secondary color together to get an intermediate color.

28) Complimentary colors are colors that are across from each other on the color wheel.

29) Analogous colors are colors that are next each other on the color wheel (YG, G, BG)

30) Warm Colors (O, R, Y)

31) Cool Colors (P, B, G)

32) Monochromatic (light blue, blue, Dark blue)

33) Neutral (gray, tan, etc)

34) Intensity

35) Transparent

36) Contrast

37) Color Triad Space

38) Positive/Negative Space

39) Space is defined differently for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional art.

1. In 2-dimensional art it refers to the arrangement of objects on the picture plane.

2. In 3-dimensional art it refers to the area of the sculpture. It will have height, width, and depth.

40) Artists can use linear or nonlinear perspective to give the illusion of space on a 2- dimensional surface. 6

1. Linear Perspective is the method us using lines to show the illusion of depth in a picture. The following are types of linear perspective:

 One point perspective: When lines look like they all meet at one point on the horizon line.

 Two point perspective: The lines look like they are meeting at two points on the horizon line.

2. Nonlinear perspective is the method of showing depth using position, overlapping, size, color, and value. (still life)

3. Orthogonal, vanishing point, horizon line, horizontal, vertical

4. Artists make the things that are supposed to be far away very small and close to each other.

5. Illusion of Depth

6. 2 point perspective does not use the horizontal line Texture

41) Texture is the surface quality or "feel" of an object. Texture also refers to the way a picture is made to look like it feels. The two types of texture are real texture and implied texture.

1. Real Texture is the actual texture of an object. (Your hair, skin, metal, etc.)

2. Implied Texture is when an artwork is made to look like it has a certain texture. (Painting of hair, skin, metal, etc.) Value

42) Value is the range of lightness or darkness within a picture. Following are different components of value:

1. Tint: adding white to color to create lighter values.

2. Shade: adding black to color to create darker values.

3. Value Scale: a scale that shows the gradual change in value from its lightest value to it darkest value. Form

43) Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. 7

44) Form can be a 3-d object such as a table or it may be a 3-d object drawn on a 2-d surface

Pointillism

45) Pointillism is using dots on a surface so that from a distance the dots blend together into forms.

46) Pointillism was popular among French Neo-Impressionists in the late 19th century.

47) When two shades of black and white are right next to each other, your eyes mix them together which is called optical mixing.

48) George Seurat developed pointillism.

49) Impressionists used the pointillism technique to capture light and movement in their paintings

50) Pointillism is concerned with the purity of color not the dot

51) Pointillism is and optical illusion since colors are not physically mixed

Still Life

52) A still life is an artwork that depicts a group of inanimate objects.

53) Inanimate objects are objects that are not alive and are nonmoving.

Watercolor

54) Watercolor is a water-based medium. (water-soluble pigment)

55) All paints are made up of pigment, binder, and solvent.

56) The pigment is what gives paint its color.

57) The binder is what holds the pigment together and adheres it to a surface. 8

58) A solvent is a liquid substance that is able to dissolve another substance.

59) Watercolor paints use gum Arabic as the binder and water as the solvent.

60) The two basic watercolor techniques are washes and glazes.

61) A wash is the application of diluted paint in a way that disguises the individual brush strokes to create a unified area of color.

62) A glaze is the application of one color over another previous paint layer, while still allowing the first color to show through.

63) Rubbing Alcohol cause white spots

64) You can flick paint with a toothbrush

65) Plastic wrap cause a marble effect

66) If any area has too much pigment wet with clean water and blot with a paper towel

67) Blot a wet area to create clouds

68) Drips are made by using too much water or titling the paper

69) Salt cause the paint to move away from the grain

70) Comes in a water-soluble vehicle (paint or watercolor pencil)

71) Finger Painting with watercolor was invented in China

72) Water color paper is made out of cotton while most paper is made out of wood Silhouette

73) Silhouette - Outline drawing of a shape

1. Originally a silhouette was a profile portrait

2. The shape is filled in with a solid color

74) Grid Drawing: Chuck Close –purity of color 9

75) Rendering

76) Pattern

77) Vincent Van Gogh – Starry Night

78) Minimalism-as little as possible

79) Value can be shown using black, white, gray or complementary colors

80) Two artist that are concerned with purity of color: Names and styles

81) Collage (French term meaning to glue)

82) Collage was started in China around the time of the invention of paper

83) Portraits/self portrait

84) Tortillon/paper blender

85) Plagiarism in art

86) Abstract Art – non representational

87) Oil Pastel is a relatively new medium, considering that most have been around for centuries.

88) Oil pastel is made out of non-drying oil, wax and pigment

89) In 1921 Theorist Yamamoto developed a high quality crayon, which combined the soft, smooth color application of crayon with the brightness of pastel.

90) Implied Lines

91) Static and Active lines

92) Cross hatching

93) The pastel medium was first mentioned by Leonardo da Vinci in 1495.

 Pastel is an art medium in a stick form, consisting of pure colored powdered and pigment

94) The origins of charcoal based drawings are found in the caves of Lascaux, France.

 These paintings are estimated to be 16,000 – 17,000 years old

 The cave was discovered on September 12, 1940 by four teenage buys 10

 The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures

 Many are too faint to discern, while others have deteriorated

 Over 900 can be identified as animals, and 605 of these have been precisely identified

 Public access was made easier after World War II. By 1955, the carbon dioxide produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings.

 The cave was closed to the public in 1963 in order to preserve the art.

 After the cave was closed, the paintings were restored to their original state, and are now monitored on a daily basis.

 Replica was opened in 1983, 200 meters from the original.

 Since the year 2000 the cave has been beset with a fungus, variously blamed on a new air conditioning system that was installed in the caves, the use of high- powered lights, and the presence of too many visitors.

 As of 2008, the cave contained black mold

 In January 2008, authorities closed the cave for three months even to scientists and preservationists. A single individual was allowed to enter the cave for 20 minutes once a week to monitor climatic conditions.

 Now only a few scientific experts are allowed to work inside the cave and just for a few days a month.

Remember this is just a guide and you will have only 100 items on your test. Be sure to look at your notes and OLD TEST (drawing sections will be included in this number)