<p> 1</p><p>Art Final Exam Study Guide</p><p>Your best study guide is your notes from your PowerPoint’s in class or the test</p><p>This is just a general guideline of what could be on your final exam</p><p>Make sure you bring a pencil with an eraser to class on exam day. </p><p>You also need to bring your notebook with you</p><p>Also, if you have your own colored pencils or markers bring them. If not you will have to use what is in the marker, colored pencils) </p><p>1) The Elements of Art are the building blocks that the artist puts together to create a work of art.</p><p>2) All artwork will have some or all of the elements of art.</p><p>3) The seven elements of art are the following:</p><p>1. Line</p><p>2. Shape</p><p>3. Color</p><p>4. Value</p><p>5. Form</p><p>6. Space</p><p>7. Texture (visual & actual)</p><p> Implied or real 2</p><p>4) The Principles of Design are the rules that govern how artists organize the elements of art.</p><p>5) The eight Principles of Design are the following:</p><p>1. Rhythm</p><p>2. Movement</p><p>3. Balance</p><p>4. Proportion</p><p>5. Variety</p><p>6. Emphasis</p><p>7. Harmony</p><p>8. Variety</p><p>6) The medium of an artwork is the type of material used to make art.</p><p>7) Here are some examples of different types of a medium (but these are not ALL of them):</p><p>1. Pencil</p><p>2. Ink</p><p>3. Tempera Paint</p><p>4. Acrylic Paint</p><p>5. Colored Pencil</p><p>1. Oil Pastel</p><p>2. Paper</p><p>3. Soft Pastel</p><p>4. Watercolor Pencil</p><p>5. Watercolor paint</p><p>6. Charcoal 3</p><p>6. Pastel Pencil</p><p>8) Two-dimensional art: Has height and width, but no depth. (Flat)</p><p>9) Three-dimensional art: Has height, width, and depth. (Sculpture)</p><p>10) Depth – make something look 3-D on a 2-D surface</p><p>11) Picture plane: The surface of you drawing paper or canvas.</p><p>12) The 3 basic features of a work of art are:</p><p>1. Subject</p><p>2. Composition</p><p>3. Content</p><p>13) The subject is what image you can immediately recognize in the artwork.</p><p>14) The composition is the way the principles of design are used to organize the elements of art.</p><p>15) The content / theme is the message that the work of art is communicating.</p><p>Elements of Art</p><p>Line</p><p>16) Line is a continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point.</p><p>1. The 5 characteristics of Line:</p><p> Length</p><p> Width</p><p> Texture</p><p> Direction</p><p> Degree of the curve 4</p><p>2. The 6 types of line:</p><p> Outline</p><p> Contour </p><p> Gesture</p><p> Sketch</p><p> Implied</p><p> Structural</p><p>3. Line personalities- horizontal, diagonal, curved, vertical </p><p>4. Static – still/calm/horizontal/vertical</p><p>5. Active – action/diagonal/curved Shape</p><p>17) Shape is an enclosed space defined and determined by other art elements.</p><p>18) The categories of shape are:</p><p>1. Geometric – Shape with a name (square, triangle, circle, etc.)</p><p>2. Organic – Shape with no name</p><p>3. Positive - Object</p><p>4. Negative – Space around the object Color</p><p>19) Color is produced by light of various wavelengths.</p><p>20) Hue is the name of the color.</p><p>21) A color wheel is a tool used to organize colors.</p><p>22) Rainbow is a natural color spectrum (circular color chart)</p><p>23) Sir Isaac Newton designed the first circle color diagram in 1666.</p><p>24) There are 3 categories of that colors fit into. They are: 5</p><p>1. Primary</p><p>2. Secondary</p><p>3. Intermediate</p><p>25) The primary colors are yellow, blue, and red. You cannot create a primary color with any other colors.</p><p>26) The secondary colors are orange, purple, and green. You have to mix 2 primary colors to create a secondary color.</p><p>27) The intermediate colors are red-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, etc. You have to mix a primary and a secondary color together to get an intermediate color.</p><p>28) Complimentary colors are colors that are across from each other on the color wheel.</p><p>29) Analogous colors are colors that are next each other on the color wheel (YG, G, BG)</p><p>30) Warm Colors (O, R, Y)</p><p>31) Cool Colors (P, B, G)</p><p>32) Monochromatic (light blue, blue, Dark blue)</p><p>33) Neutral (gray, tan, etc)</p><p>34) Intensity</p><p>35) Transparent</p><p>36) Contrast</p><p>37) Color Triad Space</p><p>38) Positive/Negative Space</p><p>39) Space is defined differently for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional art.</p><p>1. In 2-dimensional art it refers to the arrangement of objects on the picture plane.</p><p>2. In 3-dimensional art it refers to the area of the sculpture. It will have height, width, and depth.</p><p>40) Artists can use linear or nonlinear perspective to give the illusion of space on a 2- dimensional surface. 6</p><p>1. Linear Perspective is the method us using lines to show the illusion of depth in a picture. The following are types of linear perspective:</p><p> One point perspective: When lines look like they all meet at one point on the horizon line.</p><p> Two point perspective: The lines look like they are meeting at two points on the horizon line.</p><p>2. Nonlinear perspective is the method of showing depth using position, overlapping, size, color, and value. (still life)</p><p>3. Orthogonal, vanishing point, horizon line, horizontal, vertical</p><p>4. Artists make the things that are supposed to be far away very small and close to each other. </p><p>5. Illusion of Depth</p><p>6. 2 point perspective does not use the horizontal line Texture</p><p>41) Texture is the surface quality or "feel" of an object. Texture also refers to the way a picture is made to look like it feels. The two types of texture are real texture and implied texture.</p><p>1. Real Texture is the actual texture of an object. (Your hair, skin, metal, etc.)</p><p>2. Implied Texture is when an artwork is made to look like it has a certain texture. (Painting of hair, skin, metal, etc.) Value</p><p>42) Value is the range of lightness or darkness within a picture. Following are different components of value:</p><p>1. Tint: adding white to color to create lighter values.</p><p>2. Shade: adding black to color to create darker values.</p><p>3. Value Scale: a scale that shows the gradual change in value from its lightest value to it darkest value. Form</p><p>43) Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. 7</p><p>44) Form can be a 3-d object such as a table or it may be a 3-d object drawn on a 2-d surface</p><p>Pointillism</p><p>45) Pointillism is using dots on a surface so that from a distance the dots blend together into forms.</p><p>46) Pointillism was popular among French Neo-Impressionists in the late 19th century.</p><p>47) When two shades of black and white are right next to each other, your eyes mix them together which is called optical mixing.</p><p>48) George Seurat developed pointillism.</p><p>49) Impressionists used the pointillism technique to capture light and movement in their paintings</p><p>50) Pointillism is concerned with the purity of color not the dot</p><p>51) Pointillism is and optical illusion since colors are not physically mixed</p><p>Still Life</p><p>52) A still life is an artwork that depicts a group of inanimate objects.</p><p>53) Inanimate objects are objects that are not alive and are nonmoving.</p><p>Watercolor</p><p>54) Watercolor is a water-based medium. (water-soluble pigment)</p><p>55) All paints are made up of pigment, binder, and solvent.</p><p>56) The pigment is what gives paint its color.</p><p>57) The binder is what holds the pigment together and adheres it to a surface. 8</p><p>58) A solvent is a liquid substance that is able to dissolve another substance.</p><p>59) Watercolor paints use gum Arabic as the binder and water as the solvent.</p><p>60) The two basic watercolor techniques are washes and glazes.</p><p>61) A wash is the application of diluted paint in a way that disguises the individual brush strokes to create a unified area of color.</p><p>62) A glaze is the application of one color over another previous paint layer, while still allowing the first color to show through.</p><p>63) Rubbing Alcohol cause white spots</p><p>64) You can flick paint with a toothbrush</p><p>65) Plastic wrap cause a marble effect</p><p>66) If any area has too much pigment wet with clean water and blot with a paper towel</p><p>67) Blot a wet area to create clouds</p><p>68) Drips are made by using too much water or titling the paper</p><p>69) Salt cause the paint to move away from the grain</p><p>70) Comes in a water-soluble vehicle (paint or watercolor pencil)</p><p>71) Finger Painting with watercolor was invented in China</p><p>72) Water color paper is made out of cotton while most paper is made out of wood Silhouette</p><p>73) Silhouette - Outline drawing of a shape</p><p>1. Originally a silhouette was a profile portrait</p><p>2. The shape is filled in with a solid color</p><p>OTHER</p><p>74) Grid Drawing: Chuck Close –purity of color 9</p><p>75) Rendering</p><p>76) Pattern </p><p>77) Vincent Van Gogh – Starry Night</p><p>78) Minimalism-as little as possible</p><p>79) Value can be shown using black, white, gray or complementary colors</p><p>80) Two artist that are concerned with purity of color: Names and styles</p><p>81) Collage (French term meaning to glue)</p><p>82) Collage was started in China around the time of the invention of paper</p><p>83) Portraits/self portrait</p><p>84) Tortillon/paper blender</p><p>85) Plagiarism in art</p><p>86) Abstract Art – non representational </p><p>87) Oil Pastel is a relatively new medium, considering that most have been around for centuries.</p><p>88) Oil pastel is made out of non-drying oil, wax and pigment</p><p>89) In 1921 Theorist Yamamoto developed a high quality crayon, which combined the soft, smooth color application of crayon with the brightness of pastel.</p><p>90) Implied Lines</p><p>91) Static and Active lines</p><p>92) Cross hatching</p><p>93) The pastel medium was first mentioned by Leonardo da Vinci in 1495.</p><p> Pastel is an art medium in a stick form, consisting of pure colored powdered and pigment</p><p>94) The origins of charcoal based drawings are found in the caves of Lascaux, France.</p><p> These paintings are estimated to be 16,000 – 17,000 years old </p><p> The cave was discovered on September 12, 1940 by four teenage buys 10</p><p> The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures</p><p> Many are too faint to discern, while others have deteriorated</p><p> Over 900 can be identified as animals, and 605 of these have been precisely identified </p><p> Public access was made easier after World War II. By 1955, the carbon dioxide produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings. </p><p> The cave was closed to the public in 1963 in order to preserve the art. </p><p> After the cave was closed, the paintings were restored to their original state, and are now monitored on a daily basis. </p><p> Replica was opened in 1983, 200 meters from the original. </p><p> Since the year 2000 the cave has been beset with a fungus, variously blamed on a new air conditioning system that was installed in the caves, the use of high- powered lights, and the presence of too many visitors.</p><p> As of 2008, the cave contained black mold</p><p> In January 2008, authorities closed the cave for three months even to scientists and preservationists. A single individual was allowed to enter the cave for 20 minutes once a week to monitor climatic conditions. </p><p> Now only a few scientific experts are allowed to work inside the cave and just for a few days a month. </p><p>Remember this is just a guide and you will have only 100 items on your test. Be sure to look at your notes and OLD TEST (drawing sections will be included in this number)</p>