Food Security and Nutrition Lead: Manuel Claros, 1,000 Days ()

zz When the G7 leaders meet in May to discuss pressing global issues, it is imperative that they take action to address the needs of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable people. This paper contains the recommendations of the G7/G20 Advocacy Alliance (US), a group of 45 non-governmental organizations. They call for the United States to play a leading role in encouraging the G7 to take the following actions:

Food Security and Nutrition Lead: Manuel Claros, 1,000 Days ([email protected]) 1. To achieve SDG 2, the G7 should create a financial accountability framework to monitor food security, agriculture, and nutrition investments: 1. With annual public reporting; 2. That addresses the shortcomings of L’Aquila’s FNS monitoring with enhanced transparency, disaggregated data on vulnerable groups, uniform accounting, reporting codes weighting, and a schedule to fulfill outstanding pledges. 2. Accelerate meeting SDG 2 and Elmau’s promise1 by mobilizing resources and attending the Rio Nutrition for Growth Summit. 1. Explicitly commit each member to mobilize resources and attend the Summit at the highest level. 3. Reaffirm investments to benefit vulnerable populations, including small-scale producers, women, and children, by improving nutrition outcomes and integrating gender. 1. Increase technical and financial support to existing efforts, including the Scaling Up Nutrition Movement, the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program, and the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program. Global Health Lead: Smita Baruah, Save the Children ([email protected]) 1. Develop an Action Plan for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2.2 and 32 that: a. Sets interim targets for ending preventable maternal, newborn, and child deaths and malnutrition with a particular focus on accelerating the reduction of newborn deaths. b. Sets interim targets for ending the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and other communicable diseases.

2. Fulfill G7 Commitments on Health Systems Strengthening: a. Increase financing for health through domestic resource mobilization, including the Addis Tax Initiative that aims to build fairer tax systems, at the national and global levels b. Support the WHO, OECD, and the ILO in creating a High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth. 3. Implement official development assistance commitments by: a. Proposing a G7 plan to help close the financing gap to meet the SDG framework, particularly to meet the health needs of newborns, children, and mothers, to close the global annual funding gap of $220 million for neglected tropical diseases and to close the $1.5 billion funding gap for polio. b. Catalyzing G7 contributions to the fifth replenishment of the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, to reach the target of $13 billion. Responsible and Equitable Supply Chains Lead: Daisy Francis, World Vision ([email protected]) 1. Release the US National Action Plan on Responsible Business Conduct to encourage responsible and transparent business conduct overseas that is: a. Consistent with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). 1 zz b. Encourage all G7 members to similarly issue their National Action Plans. 2. Release a comprehensive G7 Action Plan to strengthen National Contact Points (NCPs), which will build on the Elmau Summit commitments. a. Implement the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. b. Pledge to work toward an inclusive, rights-based, accountable, and transparent process for supply chains, especially in MNEs and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). 3. Lead a coherent and coordinated intervention by G7 members during the general discussion on “decent work in global supply chains” at the 105th session of the International Labour Conference in June 2016. a. Outline steps to be taken to address gender inequity, the erosion of social protections, and child labor in global supply chains. Women’s Economic Empowerment Lead: Lyric Thompson, International Center for Research on Women ([email protected]) 1. Unpaid care work should be incorporated into national accounts to inform policy makers of its significance and value. a. Time use and time poverty should be monitored and used as an indicator to measure the impacts of policies and programs on the household and women and girls in particular. 2. G7 countries should focus on employment and sustainable livelihoods as the principal means by which people gain and maintain access to economic resources for the wellbeing of themselves and their families. a. G7 countries should commit to formalize informal work and reduce women´s burden. If the G7 is to reduce the workforce gender gap by 25% by 2025, countries must prevent the informalization of work and achieve the training target of 30%. b. This needs to include skills-building and recognition, particularly for migrant women in the wake of recent humanitarian crises. 3. G7 countries should reaffirm commitments to foster decent work that ensures access to adequate social protection. a. Social protection measures should be used as key policy instruments to address poverty, reduce class and gender inequality and accelerate economic development.

BACKGROUND Food Security and Nutrition

The G7 has served as an important international forum at which countries have committed significant financial resources to tackle hunger and malnutrition.3 Despite the progress toward transparency, however, a robust accountability framework to coherently measure investments is still needed.4

The upcoming Rio Nutrition for Growth Summit in August 2016 is a critical moment for the G7 to pledge resources to improve nutrition and report on progress toward reducing undernutrition. For G7 members, it is an opportunity to announce the “substantial contributions to these goals” and “the fulfillment of outstanding commitments” as promised at Schloss Elmau.5 SDG 2 and other health-related SDGs,6 as well as the Global Nutrition Targets,7 can only be realized with increased financial commitments to nutrition.

As the 2016 G7 President, the Japanese Government has committed to lead and create a financial accountability framework. This includes encouraging members’ participation at the highest level in the Nutrition for Growth Summit to fulfill the G7’s commitments. Global Health

With the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, the US Government agreed to targets to measure progress on access to health care (SDG 3): ensuring healthy lives for all and specific benchmarks for ending preventable maternal, newborn and child deaths. This includes eliminating some infectious diseases and

2 zz addressing others, as well as achieving universal health coverage. To achieve this, G7 countries must develop specific plans and catalyze support for strategies to fill resource gaps, with a focus on equity.

G7 leaders should help countries focus on reaching the most deprived populations by developing with countries strategies targeting the most vulnerable populations, especially in fragile and conflict-affected states.

G7 leaders should endorse the annual accountability report of the Every Woman Every Child’s Independent Advisory Panel on the maternal, newborn, and child health goals and urge countries to report progress in a transparent and accurate way, including strategies to reach the most vulnerable and marginalized populations.

Continuing a focus on health systems strengthening is crucial to meeting the global health goals. In 2015 the G7 committed to a programme of action to strengthen health systems through bilateral and multi-lateral structures. A High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth is needed to present a strategy by the end of 2016, and to close the gap in human resources for health.

As noted at the Financing for Development Conference, the world is faced with a large funding gap for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. Closing the resource gap through increased official development assistance and domestic resource mobilization is crucial. The G7 leaders should help reduce this funding gap and report on progress on previously made commitments such as polio. It is important to address the funding gap across health areas such as newborns, polio, and neglected tropical diseases. For example, addressing the funding gap for neglected tropical diseases will help eliminate many of these diseases as public health threats by 2020.

Responsible and Equitable Supply Chains

Last year, under the German Presidency, the G7 took a historic first step in addressing the need for Responsible and Equitable Supply Chains. As the Leaders’ Communique noted: “Unsafe and poor working conditions lead to significant social and economic losses and are linked to environmental damage. Given our prominent share in the globalization process, G7 countries have an important role to play in promoting labour rights, decent working conditions and environmental protection in global supply chains.”

At Schloss Elmau, G7 leaders strongly supported the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and welcomed efforts to set up substantive National Action Plans (NAPs) consistent with these Principles. In this regard, the G7 highlighted the need to increase transparency, identify and prevent human rights risks, and strengthen complaint mechanisms, so as to promote decent working conditions.

Critical to more inclusive and equitable growth globally is a supply chain system that addresses gender inequity, works to eliminate child labor, and ensures that social protections are safe-guarded.

With the Germans taking up the G20 Presidency in 2017, and the Italians and Canadians taking up G7 Presidencies in 2017 and 2018 respectively, priority and focus on Responsible and Equitable Supply Chains is expected to grow within the G7 over the next several years. Women’s Economic Empowerment

Societies where women participate equally in political and economic arena, have voice and can express their concerns about gender equality are more prosperous, equal and pacific. For example, each additional year of schooling past the 4th grade increases a girl's future wages by almost 12%, this rises to 15-25% for secondary school.8

To unlock the gender dividend, states must address care deficits. Worldwide, the responsibility for unpaid care work falls disproportionally on women and girls, leaving less time for education, self-care, political participation, paid work, other economic activities, and leisure.

This problem compounds where infrastructure is poor and publicly provided services are limited or absent. The burden of care work is particularly acute in developing countries in rural settings, in contexts with growing numbers of single-parent households headed by women, and in ageing and post-conflict societies. Girls are 2.5 times more likely to be out of school than males in conflict-affected contexts. Young women are nearly 90% more likely to be out of secondary school than their counterparts in countries not affected by 3 zz conflict.9 Women’s responsibilities for care work can limit their engagement in market activities and reduce their productivity. Care work increases labor market segmentation and leads women to concentrate in low- paid, more insecure, part-time, informal, and home-based work as a means of reconciling unpaid care work and paid employment. Expanding social protection coverage and quality reduces unpaid care burdens for women, formalizes and professionalizes previously unpaid care activities, and also yields strong pro-poor growth results.

At home and abroad, G7 countries should ensure that social programs and development assistance recognize, reduce and redistribute unpaid care work – enabling men to also enjoy the rights and responsibilities of caring – and diversifies provision between the state, the market and the household.

While the statement is not designed to be a consensus position of the contributors, it has been endorsed by InterAction’s leadership. Each set of recommendations was developed by a Policy Team of the G7/G20 Advocacy Alliance, listed below. This Policy Paper will be available on the InterAction web site: www.InterAction.org.

Food Security and Nutrition Global Health CouncilResponsible and Equitable 1,000 Days, Supply Chains Manuel Claros (Lead) and Kate Goertzen World Vision, Daisy Francis (Lead) ActionAid USA, Doug Hertzler and Katie Campbell InterAction, John Ruthrauff Bread for the World, Faustine Wabwire International Center for Research on Women, Global Poverty Project, Judith Rowland Lyric Thompson InterAction, John Ruthrauff Oxfam America, Gawain Kripke Oxfam America, Gawain Kripke Trade Union Sustainable Development Unit, Save the Children, Shawnee Hoover Robert Lovelace World Vision, Daisy Francis US Fund for UNICEF, Mark Engman Endorsers: Endorsers: Global Health Council Global Poverty Project International Center for Research on Women Global Health Save the Children, Smita Baruah (Lead) Women’s Economic Empowerment Global Poverty Project, Judith Rowland International Center for Research on Women, InterAction, Christina Hoenow Lyric Thompson (Lead) / Sarah Gammage Management Sciences for Health, Crystal Lander Bread for the World, Faustine Wabwire ONE, Kedar Mankad InterAction, John Ruthrauff Sabin Vaccine Institute/Global Network for Global Campaign for Education, US, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Jennifer Rigg / Brian Callahan Amber Cashwell ONE, Emily Huie Solidarity Center, Molly McCoy The Hunger Project, Mary Kate Costello Trade Union Sustainable Development Unit, Women Thrive Worldwide, Shukria Dellawar Robert Lovelace Endorsers: US Fund for UNICEF, Mark Engman Global Health Council World Vision, Daisy Francis Global Poverty Project Endorsers:

End Notes

4 1 The Elmau commitment of lifting 500 million people out of hunger and malnutrition.

2 Sustainable Development Goal 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being for all at all ages” by 2030 and Sustainable Development Goal 2.2: Ending All Forms of Malnutrition.

3 Examples include the L’Aquila Food Security Initiative and the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition.

4 Executive Summary, “If Not Now, Then When?,” ACF France, ActionAid, CCFD-Terre Solidaire, Welthungerhilfe (2016) http://www.welthungerhilfe.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Themen/POWA/Position-paper-ACF-foodsecurity- accountability.pdf.

5 G7 Leaders Communique, “Leaders Declaration, G7 Summit,” 7-8 June 2015, pp. 16, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/7320LEADERS%20STATEMENT_FINAL_CLEAN.pdf.

6 SDG 2: “end hunger and achieve food security and improved nutrition by 2030.” Other SDGs related to health include SDGs 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, and 15.

7 The World Health Assembly global nutrition targets aim, by 2025, to reduce: (1) stunting in children under 5 by 40%; (2) the rate of anemia in women of reproductive age by 50%; (3) the rate of infants born with low birth weight by 30%; (4) to ensure that there is no increase in the rate of children who are overweight; (5) increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months to at least 50%; and (6) reduce and maintain childhood wasting to less than 5%.

8 Sperling, Gene, “What Works in Girls’ Education,” (2015) http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Press/Books/2015/what- works-in-girls-edu/What-Works-in-Girls-Educationlowres.pdf?la=en.

9 “Humanitarian Aid for Education: Why It Matters and Why More is Needed,” Education for All (2015) http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002335/233557E.pdf.