Chapter 4 Study Guide s1

Chapter 4 Study Guide

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive. a. above c. on b. below d. all of the above

Figure 4-1

____ 2. Figure 4-1 shows that the processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. condensation c. weathering b. erosion d. compaction ____ 3. The rock cycle shown in Figure 4-1 indicates that each type of rock can ____. a. provide materials to make other rocks b. form other rocks c. be changed by forces at Earth's surface d. all of the above ____ 4. The ____ in Figure 4-1 shows how one rock changes into another. a. rock cycle c. formation of crystals b. melting process d. none of the above ____ 5. Figure 4-1 shows that sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____. a. compaction c. cementation b. weathering and erosion d. heat and pressure ____ 6. Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools. a. magma c. neither a nor b b. lava d. both a and b ____ 7. The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called ____. a. magma c. neither a nor b b. lava d. both a and b ____ 8. Foliated rocks are distinguished by ____. a. layers c. large mineral grains b. lack of layers d. air holes ____ 9. Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks. a. extrusive metamorphic c. intrusive metamorphic b. extrusive igneous d. intrusive igneous ____ 10. All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____. a. exposure to air c. heat b. the presence of hot, watery fluids d. pressure ____ 11. Quartz is a mineral; granite is ____. a. also a mineral c. a gem b. a rock d. an ore ____ 12. A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are ____. a. chemical or organic c. foliated or nonfoliated b. intrusive or extrusive d. basaltic or granite ____ 13. Sedimentary rocks are ____. a. formed from magma b. a type of foliated igneous rock c. formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery fluids d. formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions ____ 14. The pressure and heat that produce magma are caused in part by ____. a. gravity c. radioactive elements b. magnetic fields d. lava ____ 15. Metamorphic rocks can undergo all of the following changes EXCEPT ____. a. an exchange of atoms between minerals b. melting c. the formation of new, bigger minerals d. the flattening of mineral grains ____ 16. Detrital rocks are ____. a. made from broken fragments of other rocks b. formed from magma c. deposited from solution d. all of the above ____ 17. Fine-grained, extrusive rocks include all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. granite c. basalt b. scoria d. pumice ____ 18. A rock is always ____. a. made of molten material b. a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials c. formed by heat and pressure d. either igneous or sedimentary ____ 19. The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce ____ mineral grains. a. tiny c. fine-grained b. invisible d. large ____ 20. A detrital rock is named according to ____. a. its age c. the shape and size of the sediments b. its location d. the color of the sediments ____ 21. Changes that take place in rocks never create or destroy ____. a. rocks c. matter b. crystals d. minerals ____ 22. ____ would be considered a rock. a. Quartz c. Granite b. Mica d. all of the above ____ 23. Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because ____. a. it is denser than surrounding solid rock b. it is less dense than surrounding solid rock c. it has the same density as surrounding solid rock d. none of the above ____ 24. When lava cools at Earth's surface, ____ igneous rocks are formed. a. extrusive c. intrusive b. metamorphic d. coarse-grained ____ 25. When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed. a. extrusive c. detrital b. fine-grained d. intrusive ____ 26. Basaltic igneous rocks are ____. a. light-colored c. rich in iron and magnesium b. lower in density than granitic rocks d. both a and b ____ 27. Granitic igneous rocks are all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. light-colored c. high in silica content b. lower in density than basaltic rocks d. high in iron content ____ 28. An igneous rock can form from ____ magma. a. basaltic c. granitic b. andesitic d. all of the above ____ 29. Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as ____. a. nonfoliated c. foliated b. extrusive d. intrusive ____ 30. Metamorphic rocks with a non-foliated texture show metamorphic change that involves ____. a. mineral grains arranging into layers b. growth in the size of the mineral grains c. mineral grains flattening under pressure d. mineral grain melting ____ 31. Sedimentary rocks form because of all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. sediments becoming pressed or cemented together b. crystals solidifying from magma c. sediments forming from solution d. water evaporating, leaving crystals behind ____ 32. Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____. a. held together with natural cements b. formed when atoms of melted minerals rearrange themselves c. formed when lava erupts from a volcano d. formed by magma trapped below Earth's surface ____ 33. Sandstone is a(n) ____ sedimentary rock. a. chemical c. organic b. detrital d. none of the above ____ 34. Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of once-living things are ____. a. metamorphic c. organic b. detrital d. none of the above ____ 35. Sedimentary rocks formed from broken fragments of other rocks are ____. a. chemical c. organic b. detrital d. none of the above

Matching

Match each statement with the correct item below. a. compaction e. weathering b. cementation f. marble c. limestone g. erosion d. coal h. slate ____ 36. a kind of organic sedimentary rock ____ 37. The process in which rock is exposed to air, water, or ice and breaks into pieces. ____ 38. a kind of chemical sedimentary rock ____ 39. The process in which pressure from the upper layers of sediment pushes down on the lower layers, causing the sediments to stick together and form solid rock. ____ 40. The process in which minerals hold sediment together, like glue, making a detrital sedimentary rock. ____ 41. the movement of weathered material ____ 42. a kind of foliated metamorphic rock ____ 43. a kind of nonfoliated metamorphic rock

Completion Complete each sentence or statement.

44. Sandstone is a(n) ______rock. 45. Granite is a(n) ______rock. 46. Rock salt is a(n) ______rock. 47. Obsidian is a(n) ______rock. 48. Gneiss is a(n) ______rock. 49. Slate is a(n) ______rock. 50. Limestone is a(n) ______rock. 51. Silica-rich, thick magma is ______magma. 52. Dense, heavy, dark-colored igneous rocks form from ______magma. 53. Light-colored rocks with lower density form from ______magma. 54. Rocks that form from ______magma have mineral compositions between those of granitic and basaltic magma. 55. Large-grained, light-colored rocks that form deep inside Earth are composed of ______magma. 56. Lava flowing from volcanoes in Hawaii is ______magma. Chapter 4 Study Guide Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B DIF: A OBJ: 4/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 2. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 STO: 3.5.7.A.4 3. ANS: D DIF: A OBJ: 2/1 STO: 3.5.7.A.4 4. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 STO: 3.5.7.A.4 5. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 8/3 6. ANS: D DIF: B OBJ: 3/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 7. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 3/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 8. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 7/3 9. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 4/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 10. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 6/3 STO: 3.5.7.A.2, 3.5.7.A.3 11. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 12. ANS: C DIF: B OBJ: 7/3 13. ANS: D DIF: B OBJ: 8/4 14. ANS: C DIF: A OBJ: 3/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 15. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 6/3 STO: 3.5.7.A.2, 3.5.7.A.3 16. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 9/4 17. ANS: A DIF: A OBJ: 9/4 18. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 19. ANS: D DIF: B OBJ: 4/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 20. ANS: C DIF: A OBJ: 9/3 21. ANS: C DIF: A OBJ: 2/1 STO: 3.5.7.A.4 22. ANS: C DIF: A OBJ: 1/1 23. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 3/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 24. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 4/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 25. ANS: D DIF: B OBJ: 4/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 26. ANS: C DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 27. ANS: D DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 28. ANS: D DIF: A OBJ: 5/2 29. ANS: C DIF: B OBJ: 7/3 30. ANS: B DIF: A OBJ: 7/3 31. ANS: B DIF: A OBJ: 8/4 32. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 8/4 33. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 9/4 34. ANS: C DIF: B OBJ: 9/4 35. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 9/4

MATCHING

36. ANS: D DIF: B OBJ: 9/4 37. ANS: E DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 STO: 3.5.7.A.4 38. ANS: C DIF: B OBJ: 9/4 39. ANS: A DIF: B OBJ: 9/4 40. ANS: B DIF: B OBJ: 9/4 41. ANS: G DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 STO: 3.5.7.A.4 42. ANS: H DIF: B OBJ: 7/3 43. ANS: F DIF: B OBJ: 7/3

COMPLETION

44. ANS: sedimentary DIF: A OBJ: 8/4 45. ANS: igneous DIF: A OBJ: 3/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 46. ANS: sedimentary DIF: A OBJ: 8/4 47. ANS: igneous DIF: A OBJ: 3/2 STO: 3.5.7.A.2 48. ANS: metamorphic DIF: A OBJ: 6/3 STO: 3.5.7.A.2, 3.5.7.A.3 49. ANS: metamorphic DIF: A OBJ: 6/3 STO: 3.5.7.A.2, 3.5.7.A.3 50. ANS: sedimentary DIF: A OBJ: 8/4 51. ANS: granitic DIF: A OBJ: 5/2 52. ANS: basaltic DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 53. ANS: granitic DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 54. ANS: andesitic DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 55. ANS: granitic DIF: A OBJ: 5/2 56. ANS: basaltic DIF: A OBJ: 5/2