Unit 3 Fertile/Coastal Crescent Part 1: Chapter 3 Mesopotamia (P. 54-64)

Name______Mrs. Sheehan

Unit 3 Fertile/Coastal Crescent Part 1: Chapter 3 Mesopotamia (p. 54-64) Lesson Essential Question - ______A. Locate and label items on the Mesopotamia map. (See maps we practiced)

Chapter Focus (p. 55) Why Its Important

B. Where did the earliest civilization develop? ______C. What was the “land between the rivers” called in ancient times? ______D. What is the “land between the rivers” called today? ______E. Why was Mesopotamia called the “cradle of civilization”? ______Section 1: The Rise of Sumer (p. 55) F. Who were the Sumerians? ______G. ______civilization is the ______known civilization on Earth.

1 H. The Sumerians were the first people to do what? ______I. What did the Tigris and Euphrates do each spring? ______J. How did the Sumerians control the twin rivers? 1. They built ______to keep back the flood waters. 2. Define levee: ______3. During the ______, the land became ______. 4. They used the water from the canals to ______, or water, their crops. 5. Their crops included ______. K. How did the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers make the Sumerians more organized? ______L. What building materials did the Sumerians use to build their cities? Why? ______City-States (p. 57)

2 Lesson Essential Question - ______M. Define city-state: ______N. Describe a Sumerian city-state  Walls - ______ Gates - ______ Streets - ______ Upper Class - ______ Middle Class - ______ Lower Class - ______O. Define artisan: ______Religious and Family Life (p. 57-58)) P. Define ziggurat: ______Q. Where was the ziggurat located? ______

3 R. Describe what a ziggurat looked like: ______S. The courts and ziggurat were the center of Sumerian life. List what activities took place at the ziggurat and courts. 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______T. Describe Sumerian religion. 1. ______2. ______

4 U. Define polytheism (This term is not in the book, I will give it to you): ______V. Describe Sumerian priests. 1. ______2. ______3. ______W. Describe Sumerian schools. 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______X. Define cuneiform: ______

5 ______Y. Why was writing developed? 1. ______2. ______3. ______Z. Define scribe: ______AA. Where did scribes work? ______BB. What was life like for Sumerian women? 1. ______2. ______

6 3. ______Priest-Kings (p. 59) CC. At first, Sumer was ruled by ______who were also ______of the city-state. DD. Who was Gilgamesh? 1. ______2. ______3. ______EE. Sumerian priest-kings received their advice from an ______of free men. When war broke out, the assembly would choose one of its members to serve as a ______until the war was over. As time went on, these leaders stayed in charge even after peace returned. By about 3000 B. C., they took the place of ______as permanent ______. At the same time, kingship became ______, or passed down from parent to child. Section 2: Later Mesopotamia Empires (p. 61, 63) FF. About 2400 B. C., the power of ______began to fade. New ______began to develop in ______. Sargon I (p. 61) GG. Who was Sargon I? What did he create? ______

7 HH. Define empire: ______Hammurabi of Babylon (p. 61, 63) Lesson Essential Question - ______II. Who was Hammurabi? ______JJ. What changes, or reforms, did Hammurabi make that were important? 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______KK. Define reform: ______LL. What reform was Hammurabi best known for? ______

8 MM. How did Hammurabi create his code of law? ______NN. What were some of the main points of Hammurabi’s code of law? 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______OO. What was Hammurabi’s reign known as? ______Section 3: Contributions (p. 63-64) Lesson Essential Question - ______PP.What was the result of Mesopotamia’s influence on other civilizations? ______1. Writing - ______

9 ______2. Wheel - ______3. Plow - ______4. Sailboat - ______5. Calendar - ______6. Math - ______7. Water Clock - ______