Shivering in a Cold Swimming Pool Sweating in Gym Class

Homeostasis What is homeostasis?

Circle the examples below that show situations that your body needs to respond to maintain homeostasis:

shivering in a cold swimming pool sweating in gym class

getting goosebumps on a cold winter day getting hungry

sleeping at night breathing faster when running

getting thirsty thinking hard during a test

Homeostasis and Cells The human body has many specialized cells. Specialized cells perform specific functions for the body. Match the type of cell with its function to help the body maintain homeostasis.

skin cell carries electrical messages form the brain to body

red blood cell fights bacteria in body

muscle cell carries oxygen from lungs to rest of body

nerve cell covers and protects the body from the outside

white blood cell contracts and allows for movement

Groups of Cells Form Tissues What is a tissue?

Fill in the chart below describing the four types of tissue found in the body: Type of Tissue Description Examples Made of layers of tightly packed skin, lining of mouth and nose, Epithelial cells that line the surfaces lining of the digestive system of the body. Groups of Tissues for Organs What is an organ?

Describe the role of each type of tissue in the organ of the heart.

nervous tissue – sends messages to control the beating of the heart

epithelial tissue –

connective tissue –

muscle tissue –

Groups of Organs Form Organ Systems Fill in the chart below describing the functions of the organ systems.

Organ System Function Transport oxygen, hormones and nutrients to the body cells. cardiovascular Moves wastes and carbon dioxide away from cells.

lymphatic

digestive

endocrine

integumentary

muscular

nervous

reproductive

respiratory

skeletal

urinary

immune Homeostasis and Feedback Regulation Feedback regulation occurs when the response to a stimulus has an effect of some kind on the original stimulus. The most common in a negative feedback loop. See example below:

Try to fill in the empty boxes on the following negative feedback loops:

Lesson Summary  The levels of organization in the human body include: ______, ______, ______, and ______.  A ______is a group of cells working together.  An ______is made of two or more ______that work together.  Organs that work together make up ______.  There are four types of tissue in the body: ______tissue, ______tissue, ______tissue, and ______tissue.  There are ______major organ systems in the body.  Organs and organ systems work together to maintain ______. Your Skin and Homeostasis What are the three parts of your body that make your integumentary system?

What are three ways your integumentary system helps you maintain homeostasis?

Functions of Skin Describe how your skin performs the following functions for your body:

 My skin provides a barrier by

 My skin helps control body temperature by

 My skin helps me gather information from my environment by

 My skin helps me get rid of some types of waste by

 My skin acts as a sun block by

Structure of Skin What is keratin?

Use colored pencils to color the cross section of skin below: The Epidermis Describe the structure and function of the epidermis.

What is melanin?

The Dermis Where is the dermis located?

What structures are located in the dermis?

Oil Glands and Sweat Glands Oil glands make sebum. What does sebum do for the body?

Sweat glands make sweat. What does sweat do for the body?

Nails and Hair Hair and nails are made of the protein ______.

Nails What are the functions of nails?

Label and color the picture of a fingernail.

Hair What makes hair colors different?

What are the functions of hair?

Label and color the sketch.

Keeping Skin Healthy Why is some sunlight good for you?

Why do some people get sunburn more easily than others?

What causes 90% of skin cancers?

Bathing and Hygiene List things that can accumulate on your skin and encourage the growth of bacteria.

What effects does the bacteria on skin have?

How can you keep your skin healthy?

Injury Describe how the skin heals itself? When is it necessary to get stitches for a cut?

Lesson Summary  Skin acts as a ______that keeps particles and water out of the body.  The skin helps to ______the body in hot temperatures, and keeps the body ______in cool temperatures.  Skin is made up of two layers, the ______and the ______.  Pimples occur when the skin produces too much ______.  Hair and nails are made of ______, the same protein as skin.  Nails grow from nail ______and hairs grow from hair ______in the skin.  Ski cancer can be caused by excess exposure from ______light from the ______or tanning beds.  Frequent ______helps keep the skin clean and healthy.  Wearing ______and a ______when outdoors can help prevent skin cancer.

Your Skeleton The main organs of the skeletal system are the ______.

Humans have a backbone, therefore they are classified as ______.

The adult human skeleton has ______bones.

How does the skeleton of babies and small children compare to the skeleton of an adult?

What are the functions of cartilage and ligaments?

cartilage-

ligamants-

Label the picture of the skeleton with the names of the bones. Functions of Bones Explain how the skeletal system provides the following functions for the body:

Support-

Protection-

Movement-

Making blood cells-

Storage-

Structure of Bones Describe the two main types of bone found in the body. Describe the two types of marrow found in the body.

Label and color the picture of the femur.

Joints and How They Move Draw lines to match the type of joint on the left with the description on the right.

Fixed joint Allows for little movement. Found in vertebrae.

Partly moveable joint Allows for movement. Found in limbs.

Moveable joint Do not allow for any bone movement. Found in skull Moveable Joints Fill in the chart below to describe the different types of joints.

Type of Joint Short Description Locations in Body A ball-shaped surface of one ball and socket bone fits into the cup-like shape hip and sholder of another. Allows for movement in all directions.

gliding

Keeping Bones and Joints Healthy

Eating Well What two nutrients are important to maintain a healthy skeletal system?

List some foods that contain nutrients important to maintaining a healthy skeletal system?

How does your skin help you maintain a healthy skeletal system?

Lesson Summary  Bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up the ______system.  The skeleton supports the body against the pull of ______.  The skeleton provides a ______that supports and protects soft ______of the body.  Bones work together with ______to move the body.  Blood cells are mostly made inside the bone ______.  There are three types of joints in the body: ______, partly ______and ______.  ______and ______are the two most important nutrients for a healthy skeletal system.  The breakdown of the ______leads to pain and stiffness in the joint.  A ______is an injury to a ligament.  A ______is a break or crack in a bone.

Types of Muscles Long, thin cells that are able to contract are called muscle ______.

What is the difference between voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles?

Fill in the chart below to describe the three types of muscles.

Type of Muscle Voluntary/Involuntary Location in Body Job

skeletal move food through the involuntary digestive system

pump blood through body heart

Below are pictures of muscle cells. Write the type of cells below each picture.

______

Muscles, Bones, and Movement Draw lines to match the term on the left with the description on the right.

tendon the muscle that contracts to cause and joint to bend

ligament the muscle that contracts to cause a joint to straighten

flexor a tough band of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

extensor connective tissue that joints bones together

Muscles and the Nervous System Draw a sketch and label it showing how the nervous system controls muscles. Include the following parts in your sketch: brain, nerves, muscle

Muscles and Exercise - Fill in the chart below to describe the three types of exercise

Type of Exercise Purpose Examples aerobic

increase muscle strength

stretching

Muscle Injuries How does warming up before exercise reduce the chance of injury?

What is a strain?

What is tendonitis?

Steroids What are some of the negative effects of taking anabolic steroids to increase muscle size?

Lesson Summary  The body has three types of muscle tissue: ______, ______, ______.  Muscles move the body by ______against the skeleton.  Muscles are controlled by the ______system.  Regular ______improves the health of the muscular system and makes muscles bigger and stronger.  Muscular ______is the ability of a muscle to exert ______during a contraction.  Muscular ______is the ability of a muscle to continue to contract over a long time without getting tired.  A ______is an injury to a muscle in which the muscle ______tear because the muscle contracts too much or contracts before the muscle is warmed up.  Tiny tears and swelling in a tendon results in ______.

Functions of the Cardiovascular System The four jobs of the cardiovascular system are: 1. a ______delivery service 2. a ______3. a ______system 4. a ______against diseases

What are the three main parts of the cardiovascular system? 2. 3.

The Movement of Gases What body system works closely with the cardiovascular system to move gases around the body?

Every cell in your body needs the gas ______and needs to get rid of the gas ______.

______is an important protein found in the blood. It allows oxygen gas to attach to it. Parts of the Cardiovascular System Draw lines to match the term on the left with the description on the right. heart fight against infection and diseases arteries blood never leaves the blood vessels inside of the body veins pumps blood through blood vessels capillaries carry oxygen plasma thin-walled blood vessels, carry blood to heart, has valves red blood cells a colorless, watery fluid in which blood cells are suspended white blood cells thick-walled blood vessels, carry blood away from heart closed system a network of tiny blood vessels, allows for exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and body cells Two Blood Circulation Systems There are two “loops” of the cardiovascular system. Describe the two loops below:

systemic circulation-

pulmonary circulation-

Summary  The ______system includes the ______, the blood ______, and the ______.  There are three main types of blood vessels in the body: ______, ______, and ______.  ______circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the ______, to the body, and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the ______.  ______circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygen-poor blood away from the ______, to the lungs, and returns oxygen-rich blood back to the ______.

The Heart How many chambers are in the human heart?

How are the atria different from the ventricles?

Complete the statements below to describe the job of each chamber of the heart.  The right atrium  The right ventricle  The left atrium  The left ventricle Where is the Heart? Describe the heart’s location. Explain why it seems like the heart is on the left side of the chest.

Blood Flow Through the Heart How does the “left side loop” and “right side loop” differ with blood flow through the heart?

The Heartbeat What is the function of valves in the heart? What produces the heartbeat sound?

Blood Circulation and Blood Vessels

1. Label the following chambers of the heart: right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle

2. Color the heart and surrounding blood vessels: use light/bright red for oxygen-rich blood areas use dark red/maroon for oxygen-poor areas Summary  The heart is divided into ______chambers, the left and right ______and the left and right ______.  The ______side of the heart collects oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the ______, where it releases ______and picks up ______.  The ______side carries the oxygen-rich blood back from the ______into the ______of the heart, which then pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.  The ______in the heart prevent blood from flowing backward into the heart.

Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure What causes pressure on the walls of blood vessels?

What happens to the blood pressure as you move to blood vessels further from the heart?

What can be said about the blood pressure in veins?

Name and describe the two blood pressure readings

Healthy Blood Pressure Ranges What are healthy ranges for blood pressure? Circle the factors below that can affect blood pressure ranges: age gender race exercise emotions sleep stress nutrition drugs disease

Cardiovascular Diseases

Draw lines to match the term on the left with the description on the right.

hypertension A loss of brain function due to a blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It can be caused by a blood clot, an object gets caught in a blood vessel, or by a bleeding blood vessel.

atherosclerosis Occurs when blood cannot reach the heart because of a blood vessel is blocked. If cardiac muscle is starved of oxygen for more than about five minutes, it will die.

coronary heart disease When a person’s blood pressure is always high. Systolic blood pressure is 140 or higher and/or diastolic blood pressure is 90 or higher. Can lead to many other cardiovascular problems.

heart attack Hardening or inflammation of the arteries that causes swelling and a buildup of material called plaque. Causes the arteries to narrow, making blood flow through the artery difficult.

stroke The end result of the buildup of plaque within the walls of coronary arteries. May cause angina (chest pain).

Keeping Your Cardiovascular System Healthy

What is a risk factor?

Give a short description of the following risk factors for CVD that you cannot control:

 Age:

 Gender:

 Genetics:

Give a short description of the following risk factors for CVD that you can control:

 Tobacco smoking:  Diabetes:

 High cholesterol levels:

 Obesity:

 High blood pressure:

 Lack of physical activity:

 Poor eating habits:

Summary  Blood ______is the force put on the walls of blood ______by circulating blood.  The force put on the balls of ______is called blood pressure.  Blood pressure is measured by an instrument called a ______.  In the United States, the healthy ranges for ______blood pressure is less than 120mm Hg and ______pressure is 80 mm Hg.  ______occurs when a person’s blood pressure is always ______.  A ______disease (CVD) is any disease that affects the ______system. ______, ______heart disease and ______are examples of CVDs.  Cardiovascular diseases are ______diseases. Having a poor ______and not getting enough ______are two major causes of CVD.

Roles of the Respiratory System

Label the following parts of the respiratory system on the diagram to the right:

nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, diaphragm

Parts of the Respiratory System

Draw lines to match the term on the left with the description on the right.

diaphragm the area of the throat the produces your voice nose/nasal cavity small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place pharynx the major breathing muscle larynx a flap of tissue that overs the trachea when you swallow trachea a long tube from the pharynx to the bronchi bronchi a pathway in the throat for food and air epiglottis filters, warms and moistens the air you breath alveoli tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs

How We Breathe

Is breathing mostly a voluntary or involuntary action?

Describe inhalation.

Describe exhalation.

Use colored pencils to highlight the blood vessels in the picture in the picture.

The Journey of a Breath of Air

Fill in the boxes in the following diagram. Color the blood with colored pencils.

Breathing and Cellular Respiration

What is cellular respiration?

What are the waste products of cellular respiration? Summary  Your ______system is made up of the tissues and organs that allow ______to enter and ______to leave your body.  Respiratory system organs in include your ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______ During ______, the ______contracts and moves ______, and brings air into the lungs.  During ______, the ______and rib muscles ______and air is pushed out of the lungs.  ______enters the lungs, then passes through the alveoli and into the ______. The oxygen is carried around the body in ______.  ______, a waste gas, moves into the blood ______and is brought to the lungs to be released into the air during ______.  The ______that arrives from the lungs is used by the ______during cellular respiration to release the ______stored in molecules of sugar.

Respiratory System Disease What can happen to your respiratory system when homeostasis is thrown out of balance?

What is the difference between an acute disease and a chronic disease?

List the structures of the respiratory system that a respiratory disease can affect:

Circle the causes of respiratory diseases below:

bacteria viruses pollutants tobacco smoke genetic causes

Draw lines to match the respiratory disease on the left with the description on the right. bronchitis A disease where the cells in the lungs grow out of control. Can form a tumor. There is an increased risk of getting this disease if you smoke.

asthma A common and often deadly disease caused by a bacteria. Considered infectious, because it can be spread from person to person. Most commonly attacks the lungs. Considered highly contagious because the bacteria is spread by a cough or sneeze.

pneumonia Inflammation of the bronchi. The bronchi become red and swollen. The acute form of this disease can be caused by bacteria for viruses. The condition may last for several days to several weeks. Chronic forms of this disease can last for months or years.

tuberculosis (TB) A chronic lung disease caused by the breakdown of lung tissue. The tissues that support the alveoli become hard and stiff, instead of springy and flexible. The efficiency of the alveoli is reduced. People with this disease experience shortness of breath during exercise.

lung cancer A chronic condition in which the bronchioles are inflamed and narrow. The muscles around the bronchioles contract and narrow the airways. Excess mucus is made. Causes a person to have difficulty breathing, their chest feels tight, and they may wheeze. Can be caused by allergens, cold or warm air, most air, exercise or stress.

emphysema An illness in which the alveoli become inflamed and filled with fluid. Gas exchange cannot properly take place. Caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Causes of Respiratory Disease Describe briefly how the following can cause respiratory diseases: pathogens –

pollution –

lifestyle choices –

Dangers of Smoking A friend of yours tried cigarettes for the first time. You are afraid they will become a smoker. Write a letter, using information from the flexbook, as to why they shouldn’t smoke.

Dear Friend, Keeping Your Respiratory System Healthy Design a billboard about ways to keep your respiratory system healthy. Use information from the flexbook. Use colored pencils to draw what the billboard will look like below.

Summary  Respiratory diseases are diseases that affect the ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.  Respiratory diseases can reduce the amount of ______that gets into the blood.  ______is an illness that occurs when the ______are inflamed and narrow.  Difficulty breathing happens because of the ______, contraction of the ______, and the production of ______by the cells that line the bronchioles.  Disease of the respiratory system that are caused by exposure to tobacco smoke include ______, ______, and cancers of the ______and ______.  Cigarette smoking cause ______percent of lung cancer deaths.  Avoid ______, get enough______, and wash your ______in order to protect your respiratory system from illness.

What Does the Digestive System Do? What are the main jobs of the digestive system?

What is the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion? Describe the process of absorption.

Color and label the diagram of the digestive system.

Include the following parts: pancreas, esophagus, mouth, tongue, anus, rectum, liver, epiglottis, stomach, salivary glands, large intestine, small intestine, appendix

The Role of Enzymes in Digestion How do enzymes help with digestion?

Draw lines to match the enzyme with its function.

amylase produced in the pancreas, used to break down fats

pepsin produced in the liver,secreted into intestines,breaks down fat

trypsin produced in they salivary glands, helps break down starches

lipase produced in the pancrease, breaks down proteins

bile produced in the stomach, breaks down protien

Digestive Organs and Their Roles How long is the adult human digestive system?

Why do you think digestive organs are lined with sticky, slippery mucus?

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch to show your understanding of how peristalsis moves food through the digestive system.

Describe how each part listed below contributes to the process of digestion. mouth –

esophagus –

stomach – small intestine –

villi –

large intestine –

liver –

Bacteria in the Digestive System List the ways bacteria in the large intestine is helpful:

Keeping Your Digestive System Healthy Design a poster about ways to keep your digestive system healthy. Use information from the flexbook. Use colored pencils to draw what the poster will look like below.

Summary  The digestive system ______food, ______nutrients, and ______of food wastes.  Digestive ______speed up the reactions of ______digestion.  The main organs of the digestive system are the ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.  ______in the large intestine produce ______and have other roles in the body.