International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-11, Nov.-2018 http://iraj.in EFFECT OF DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM AMONG GRADE SIX STUDENTS AT BAN KHU SCHOOL (ON ANUKROK), UBON RATCHATHANI PROVINCE

1JUMPOL SAENGPECH, 2NATTHAKUN WARNHORM, 3SUPANSA KHAMJAN, 4ORAPHIM SAMONGRAM, 5KAEWJAI MALEELAI, 6WANPEN SOMHOM KHAM

Nam Srang Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital, Kut Chum District, Yasothon Province, , Kae Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital, , , Thailand, Wang Yang Hospital, Wang Yang District, Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand, Nong Lek Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital, , Surin Province, Thailand, Department of Dental Public Health, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

According to the National Dental Health Survey 7th, 2012 found that 58.9% of children 12 years of age had gingivitis, an average of 2.94 out of 6 in the oral cavity and with the saliva stone and also found in the 12-year-old group, 52.3% had dental caries (DMFT) of 1.3 teeth per person. The dental health education program is a way to give health education opportunities and learning about good oral hygiene and dental health care. The objectives of this research were 1) to study knowledge, attitude, practice oral health care and plaque index among the six grade students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province 2) to comparison knowledge, attitude, a practice of oral health care and plaque index among dental health education program. A total of 30 samples were recruited from the six grade at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Warinchumrab District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Data were collected by a questionnaire and plaque inspection. Data analyzed using mean, max, min and standard deviation. Paired T-test was employed to compare knowledge, attitude, practices of oral healthcare and plaque index among dental health education program. The results showed that after receiving the dental health education program, the knowledge of students at the good level (xˉ = 13.03, S.D. = 0.76), the attitude development was demonstrated at the high level (xˉ = 53.00, S.D. = 4.59), practice in oral health care at the moderate level (xˉ = 45.37, S.D. = 3.03) and plaque index at the moderate level (xˉ = 58.54, S.D. = 12.98). Comparison between before and after receiving a dental health education program indicated that plaque index was significantly different at the 0.05 level. While, the knowledge, attitude toward and practice in oral health care were not significantly different at the 0.05 level. The limitations of this study are number of samples. In the next future research should be extended more and should cover all levels of the school. The Novelty of the research is the oral health care literacy of students in an area of academic cooperation with Sirindhorn College of Public Health Ubon Ratchathani.

Index Terms - Dental health education program, grade six students

I. INTRODUCTION dental health behavior in the right way to provide good oral hygiene 2. The effectiveness of dental health Oral healthcare of Thai people is trend to improving. education program affecting student health dentistry However, there is some group is likely a significant behaviors by applying the concept of knowledge, risk factor for the dental disease. According to the attitude and practice found that the dental health National Dental Health Survey 7th,2012 found that education program applied the concept of knowledge, 58.9% of children 12 years of age had gingivitis, an attitude and practice affecting dental care behaviors of average of 2.94 out of 6 in the oral cavity and with the the student. And the concept, if the person has saliva stone and found in the 12-year-old group, knowledge about the disease, knowledge of 52.3% had dental caries (DMFT) of 1.3 teeth per self-protection and the good attitude will make people person. Key issues are the risk factors, especially the good practice and consistent health behavior. This prevention and control of caries in this group were will lead to better dental health care 3. 49.2% behavior on drinking nectar and juice, a behavior of drinking soft drinks in some days 48.9%. Sirindhorn Public Health College Ubon Ratchathani There were 46.1% of those who did not brush their under the Praboromarajchanok for Health Workforce, teeth after lunch. This is for the problem of a toothache Ministry of Public Health. One of a mission of College from dental caries 41.7% 1 is producing dental health personnel in the Bachelor of Public Health Program in Dental Public Health. The dental health education program is a way to give Professional teaching activities had signed the health education opportunities and learn about dental academic cooperation among schools in the health health systematically. The aim is to provide service network area of Warinchamrab District, Ubon individuals, families, and communities changing on Ratchathani Province. To provide dental health

Effect of Dental Health Education Program among Grade Six Students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province

27 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-11, Nov.-2018 http://iraj.in services for students, training activities for knowledge 0.84) and try out the questionnaires in 30 persons for of dental problems and fluoride coating protects reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85. against tooth decay. But there is no research that will Knowledge of dental healthcare questionnaire by be used as a basis for promotion. However, there is no Kuder Richardson (KR - 20) confidence = 0.893. research to be used as a basis for promotion and to Attitude toward in oral healthcare questionnaire by prevent dental health problems by the dental health Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.867 education program. Therefore, the research team is Practice in oral healthcare questionnaire by interested in studying the knowledge, attitudes, and Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.854 practice of dental health care among students in the health service network, a grade six student at Ban Khu Standardization of inspectors Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Adjustment of single the inspector standards and Province and comparative study of knowledge, adjustment of standards among more than one the attitude and practice in dental care of students before inspector. Analyzes were performed to determine the and after receiving the dental health education validity of the inspector. The Kappa statistic was 0.93. program. Data collection II. OBJECTIVES 1. After permission from the director of Ban Khu 1. To study knowledge, attitude, practice oral Mueang School (On Anukrok), the researcher healthcare and to plaque index among the six explained the objectives and research process to grade students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On teacher and students. Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province. 2. The teacher sends a consent form to parents for 2. To comparison knowledge, attitude, a practice of permission student as a sample in research. oral health care and plaque index among dental 3. Record the amount of plaque index on the teeth. health education program. Random sample selection was chosen by selecting students with similar plaque levels. III. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4.Pre-test questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practice in dental health care. Study Design 5. Processing the dental health education program Quasi-Experimental Research, One group following 3 lessons respectively. Pretest-Posttest Design Lesson 1: Teeth (Lecturer topics of the function of Population and sampling teeth, structure of the tooth, types of teeth and shape of Populations selected by the specification of school the teeth). with academic cooperation among the health service Lesson 2: Tooth decay (Lecture topics of the definition network area of Warinchamrab District, Ubon of dental caries, factors affecting tooth decay, various Ratchathani Province. The grade six students of Ban stages of tooth decay, prevention of tooth decay and Khu Mueang School On Anukrok), the school in 2016 treatment of dental caries). total 30 students. There are similar a level of plaque Lesson 3: Practice of dental care (Lecture topics of the index. choosing food and cleaning the mouth). Research tools 6. After a month, post-test was done and record the Research tools as following 5 parts amount of plaque index on the teeth. Part 1 Characteristics of the population (2 questions). 8. The data were checked for completeness and Part 2 Knowledge of dental health care questionnaire accuracy. (15 questions). Part 3 Attitude of dental health care questionnaire (15 Data analysis questions). Data were analyzed by using software with Part 4 Practice of dental health care questionnaire (4 descriptive: min, max, frequency and standard questions). deviations. Paired T-test was employed to compare Part 5 Recording form for the plaque index before and after receiving the dental health education The Ethics program. Determine the level of confidence at 95%. The Ethics of the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sirindhorn College of Public Health IV. RESULTS Ubon Ratchathani. No. SCPHUBS S030/2559. Part 1 Characteristics of samples The quality of the tool The sample group consisted of 30 students of grade The instrument has been tested for accuracy by content six students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On ability from 3 experts (Index of congruence: IOC = Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province. A 4 students

Effect of Dental Health Education Program among Grade Six Students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province

28 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-11, Nov.-2018 http://iraj.in aged 11 years (13.33%) and a 26 student aged 12 years The overview after receiving the dental health (86.67%) respectively. education program, a total of 30 students was demonstrated an average score on knowledge of dental Part 2 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in oral health care at the good level (xˉ =13.03, S.D. = 0.76). health care Comparison between before and after receiving a Before receiving the dental health education program, dental health education program indicated that a total of 30 students (100%) students were knowledge of dental health care was not significantly demonstrated an average score on dental health care different at the 0.05 level (Table 1). knowledge at the good level (xˉ =12.90, S.D.= 0.92). Table 1. Percentage, max, min, mean and standard deviation of knowledge in dental health care before and after receiving the dental health education program. After Before the dental health Level of knowledge the dental health education program education program number % number % good 30 100 30 100 moderate 0 0 0 0 low 0 0 0 0 max. 15 14 min. 12 12 xˉ 12.90 13.03 S.D. 0.92 0.76 summary good good p 0.423 p < 0.05

Before receiving the dental health education program, S.D.= 4.59). A 2 students (6.67%) was demonstrated the 21 students (70%) was demonstrated attitude the level of attitude toward dental health care at toward dental health care at the high level. 9 students maximum level, 15 students (50%) was demonstrated (30%) was demonstrated the level of attitude toward the level of attitude toward dental health care at the dental health care at the moderate level. The summary high level, and 13 students (43.33%) was before receiving the dental health education program demonstrated level of attitude toward dental health the attitude toward dental health care of students was care at moderate level, respectively. demonstrated at the good level ( xˉ =52.23, S.D.= Comparison between before and after receiving a 1.48). dental health education program indicated that Overview after receiving the dental health education attitude toward dental health care was not program the attitude toward dental health care of significantly different at the 0.05 level (Table 2). students was demonstrated at the good level (xˉ =53, Table 2. Percentage, max, min, mean and standard deviation of attitude toward dental healthcare before and after receiving the dental health education program. Before After Level of attitude the dental health education program the dental health education program

number % number % maximum 0 0 2 6.67 high 21 70 15 50 moderate 9 30 13 43.33 low 0 0 0 0 the lowest 0 0 0 0 max. 55 64 min. 49 46 xˉ 52.23 53 S.D. 1.48 4.59 summary good good p 0.422 p < 0.05

Effect of Dental Health Education Program among Grade Six Students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province

29 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-11, Nov.-2018 http://iraj.in The summary before receiving the dental health moderate level (xˉ =45.37, S.D.= 3.03). A5 students education program, students were demonstrated (16.67%) was demonstrated practice in dental health practice in dental health care at the moderate level (xˉ care at the good level and 25 students (83.33%) was =44.93, S.D.= 3.83). 8 students (26.67%) was demonstrated practice in dental health care at demonstrated practice in dental health care at the good moderate level respectively. Comparison between level and 22 students (73.33%) was demonstrated before and after receiving a dental health education practice in dental health care at moderate level program indicated that practice in dental health care respectively. The overview after receiving the dental was not significantly different at the 0.05 level (Table health education program, students were 3). demonstrated practice in dental health care at the Table 3. Percentage, max, min, mean and standard deviation of practice in dental health care before and after receiving the dental health education program. After Before Level of practice in the dental health education the dental health education program dental healthcare program number % number % good 8 26.67 5 16.67 moderate 22 73.33 25 83.33 should be approved 0 0 0 0 max. 53 52 min. 39 38 xˉ 44.93 45.37 S.D. 3.87 3.03 summary moderate moderate p 0.570 p < 0.05

Before receiving the dental health education program, moderate level and 13 students (43.33%) was the 12 students (40%) was demonstrated a level of demonstrated the level of plaque index at low level plaque index at the moderate level and 18 students respectively. The summary after receiving the dental (60%) was demonstrated a level of plaque index at low health education program level of plaque index of level respectively. The summary before receiving the students was demonstrated at the moderate level (xˉ dental health education program level of plaque index =58.54, S.D.= 12.98). Comparison between before and of students was demonstrated at the low level (xˉ after receiving a dental health education program =68.04, S.D.= 12.88). After receiving the dental indicated that the level of plaque index was health education program, the 17 students (56.67%) significantly different at the 0.05 level (Table 4). was demonstrated the level of plaque index at the Table 4. Percentage, max, min, mean and standard deviation of plaque index before and after receiving the dental health education program.

Before After Level of the dental health education program the dental health education program plaque index number % number % high 0 0 0 0 moderate 12 40 17 56.67 low 18 60 13 43.33 max. 97 84.26 min. 53 32.41 xˉ 68.04 58.54 S.D. 12.88 12.98 Summary low moderate p < 0.001*

Effect of Dental Health Education Program among Grade Six Students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province

30 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-11, Nov.-2018 http://iraj.in p < 0.05 Overall, a comparison between before and after plaque index was significantly differencing at the 0.05 receiving dental health education program indicated level (Table 5). knowledge, attitude toward, the practice was not significantly differencing at the 0.05 level. While the

Table 5. Summary of comparison between knowledge, attitude toward, practice and plaque index before and after receiving the dental health education program. Dental health care Dental health education xˉ Level p S D program . . Knowledge Before 12.90 0.92 good 0.423 After 13.03 0.76 good Before 52.23 1.48 high Attitude 0.422 After 53.00 4.59 high Before 44.93 3.87 moderate Practice in dental After 45.37 3.03 0.570 healthcare moderate

Before 68.04 12.88 low Plaque index < 0.001* After 58.54 12.98 moderate p < 0.05

SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION regarding dental health in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control The effects of dental health education program among group (p ‹ 0.05 the grade six students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province, shows that The overview after receiving the dental health after receiving the dental health education program, a education program, students were demonstrated total of 30 students were demonstrated an average practice in dental health care at the moderate level (xˉ score on knowledge of dental health care at good level =45.37, S.D.= 3.03). While Manunchaya Chayang 6 (xˉ =13.03, S.D. = 0.76). Comparison between before was studied the effect of the dental health program on and after receiving a dental health education program the oral health of primary students 56 samples found indicated that knowledge of dental health care was not that the average score of behavioral dental health after significantly different at the 0.05 level. While, the experiment was demonstrated statistically Jarossaporn Pussakhum 4 study of the effectiveness significant at the 0.05 level. of dental health education program on dental health behaviors of Prathomsuksa 3 students, Ban Samrong After receiving the dental health education program School, , Surin Province. The level of plaque index of students was demonstrated at results have shown that after receiving a dental health the moderate level ( xˉ = 58.54, S.D.= 12.98). education program indicated that knowledge of dental Comparison between before and after receiving a health care was significantly different at the 0.05 dental health education program indicated that the level. level of plaque index was significantly different at the 0.05 level. The result was relevant to study of Siriluck The attitude toward dental health care of students after Boppirom 7 study the effectiveness of the dental receiving the dental health education program was health education program by applying self-efficacy demonstrated at the good level (xˉ =53, S.D.= 4.59). theory to dental health behavior of grade 4 students in Comparison between before and after receiving a Muang District, Nakhon Pathom Province. Select a dental health education program indicated that specific sample. The research was found that after attitude toward dental health care was not receiving the dental health education program, the significantly different at the 0.05 level. While, Rattana self-efficacy theory was applied. Students have less Junthorn 5 that study an effect of the dental health dental plaque than before receiving a dental health education program for changing dental health education program demonstrated statistically behavior of primary students in Maung municipality significant at the 0.05 level. school in Namaung subdistrict, Maung district, CONCLUSION Chachoengsao province. The finding result has shown that after an intervention, knowledge, and practice

Effect of Dental Health Education Program among Grade Six Students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province

31 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-11, Nov.-2018 http://iraj.in After receiving the dental health education program, [1] Office of Dentistry Public Health, Department of HealthReport th the knowledge of students at level good (xˉ = 13.03, of the 7 national oral health survey in Thailand 2012. 2013 S.D. = 0.76), the attitude development was Bangkok.Veterans Affairs Organization. demonstrated at the high level (xˉ = 53.00, S.D. = [2] Helped W. Effectiveness of dental health education on dental 4.59), practice in oral health care at the moderate level caries prevention behavior of grade six students under the Office of Chumphon Educational Service Area 2, Lang Suan District, (xˉ = 45.37, S.D. = 3.03) and plaque index at the Chumphon Province. 2008. Master's thesis, Srinakharinwirot medium level (xˉ = 58.54, S.D. = 12.98). Comparison University. between before and after receiving a dental health [3] Jansaporn Pasasak and colleagues (2016). The Effectiveness of education program indicated that plaque index was dental health education program on dental health behaviors of significantly different at the 0.05 level. While, the Prathomsuksa 3 students, Ban Samrong School, Chomthra knowledge, attitude, and practice in oral health care District, Thailand. Surin Province. Academic Journal Institute were not significantly different at the 0.05 level. The of Physical Education, 17-31. Bangkok: Thana Press. limitations of this study are the number of samples. In [4] Tissarn S. Changing dental health behaviors of parents with 3 to the next future research should be extended more and 4 years old children to prevent dental caries. Applied motivation should cover all levels of the school. A Novelty of the theory for disease prevention and social support. Pathum research is the oral health care literacy of students in Ratchawong District Amnat Charoen Province. 2009. Master an area of academic cooperation with Sirindhorn Thesis, Mahasarakham University. College of Public Health Ubon Ratchathani. [5] Rattana Junthorn. (2016). Effective of Dental Health Education Program for Changing Dental Health Behavior of Primary Suggestion For The Next Study Students in Maung municipality school in Namaung Subdistrict, 1. The next research should be conducted in a Maung District, Chachoengsao Province. J Prapokklao Hosp quasi-experimental design to compare a different Clin Med Educat Center. 33(4) Oct-Dec. 340-353. dental health education programs for applying in the [6] Chayang M. Effects of Oral Health Programs on Oral Health students. Elementary school students. 2002. Master Thesis, 2. The next research should study the practice in oral Chulalongkorn University. healthcare of students for improving the behavior of [7] Boppirom S. Effectiveness of dental health education program the students. by applying self-efficacy theory to dental health behavior of prathom suksa four students in Muang district, Nakhon Pathom province. 2013. Master Thesis, Srinakharinwirot University. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT [8] Pasasak J, et al. Effectiveness of dental health education program on dental health behaviors of Prathomsuksa 3 students, Ban Thank you for grant-supported from Sirindhorn Samrong School, Chomthra District, Thailand. Surin Province. College of Public Health Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Academic Journal Institute of Physical Education. Bangkok: Thana Press. 2016. 17-31.

REFERENCES

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Effect of Dental Health Education Program among Grade Six Students at Ban Khu Mueang School (On Anukrok), Ubon Ratchathani Province

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