Integrating and Strengthening the European Research Area

European Commission

THE SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME The Sixth Framework Programme covers Community activities in the field of research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) for the period 2002 to 2006

"Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area"

THEMATIC AREA 3

Nanotechnology and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials, new production processes and devices

WORK PROGRAMME

Edition December 2003 Table of Contents

3.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION...... 3

3.2 NMP PRIORITY INTRODUCTION...... 11

3.3 OBJECTIVES, STRUCTURE AND OVERALL APPROACH...... 11

3.4 TECHNICAL CONTENT...... 12

3.4.1 NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND NANOSCIENCES...... 12 3.4.1.1 Long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding phenomena, mastering processes and developing research tools...... 12 3.4.1.2 Nano-biotechnologies...... 13 3.4.1.3 Nano-metre-scale engineering techniques to create materials and components...... 14 3.4.1.4 Development of handling and control devices and instruments...... 14 3.4.1.5 Applications in areas such as health and medical systems, chemistry, energy, optics, food and the environment...... 15 3.4.2 KNOWLEDGE-BASED MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS...... 16 3.4.2.1 Development of fundamental knowledge...... 16 3.4.2.2 Technologies associated with the production, transformation and processing of knowledge- based multifunctional materials and biomaterials...... 17 3.4.2.3 Engineering support for materials development...... 18 3.4.3 NEW PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND DEVICES...... 19 3.4.3.1 Development of new processes and flexible, intelligent manufacturing systems...... 19 3.4.3.2 Systems research and hazard control...... 21 3.4.3.3 Optimising the life-cycle of industrial systems, products and services...... 21 3.4.4 INTEGRATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES, NEW MATERIALS, AND NEW PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION, CHEMICALS AND SURFACE TRANSPORT...... 23 3.4.4.1 Human-friendly, safe and efficient construction – IP...... 23 3.4.4.2 New generation of multifunctional materials and technologies for surface transport - IP. 23 3.4.4.3 Mastering chemicals and creating new eco-efficient processes and synthesis routes – IP; NE ...... 24 3.4.5 CROSS-PRIORITIES ACTIONS AND LINKS TO OTHER RESEARCH ACTIONS...... 24

3.4.5.1 “Very low CO2 and greenhouse gas steel production processes” – target 2020 - IP...... 24 3.4.5.2 Integrating technologies for the fast and flexible manufacturing enterprise – IP; STREP; SSA ...... 25 3.4.5.3 Bio-sensing systems for health – IP; STREP; SSA...... 25 3.4.5.4 Nano-Photonics and Nano-Electronics – IP; NE; STREP; SSA...... 25 3.4.6 CO-ORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES IN AN ENLARGED EUROPE...... 25

3.5 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND RELATED ISSUES...... 26

3.5.1 NEW INSTRUMENTS...... 26 3.5.2 OTHER INSTRUMENTS...... 26 3.5.3 INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION...... 27 3.5.4 OTHER SPECIFIC ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF PRIORITY 3...... 27 3.5.5 IMPLEMENTATION AND BUDGETARY PLANNING...... 27

3.6 CALL INFORMATION...... 30

ANNEXES ...... 40

ANNEX A: OVERVIEW OF CALLS FOR PROPOSALS FORESEEN IN THIS WORK PROGRAMME (SEE RELEVANT WORK PROGRAMME PART FOR DETAILS) - SP1...... 40 ANNEX B: COMMON EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING PROPOSALS...... 42 ANNEX C: LIST OF GROUPS OF TARGET COUNTRIES FOR SPECIFIC MEASURES IN SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

2 3.1. General Introduction

1. General

Following the adoption of the specific programme for research, technological development and demonstration: "Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area"1 and the rules of participation and dissemination2 under the EC Treaty, the Commission has adopted, with the assistance of the programme committee, this work programme which sets out in greater detail the objectives and technological priorities and the timetable for implementation of the specific programme, in particular for the first year of operation.

As regards the Priority Thematic Areas of Research, the new instruments (integrated projects and networks of excellence) are recognised as being an overall priority means to attain the objectives of critical mass, integration of the research capacities, management simplification and European added value.

The new instruments referred to will be used from the start in each theme and, where deemed appropriate, as a priority means, while maintaining the use of specific targeted projects and co-ordination actions. In particular, a smooth transition with previous programmes will be ensured.

In terms of participation of the Community in programmes undertaken by several Member States (Article 169 of the Treaty), this is only foreseen, at this stage, in the priority thematic area of research addressing ‘life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health’.

More information on the provisions for implementing the new instruments is available on Cordis (http://www.cordis.lu/fp6/instruments.htm). Regarding research activities in areas involving Specific Activities Covering a Wider Field of Research, these will be implemented, at this stage, using specific targeted research projects, co-ordination actions, and specific research projects for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).

Concerning Strengthening the Foundations of the European Research Area, the implementation will mostly take the form of specific targeted research projects and co-ordination actions.

Specific support actions, including calls for tender, and co-ordination actions may be applied throughout the programme.

In drawing up this work programme, the Commission has relied on advice from advisory groups and, for the Priority Thematic Areas of Research, on the results of a call for expressions of interest, which was launched in early 2002. More information on this, including the list of members of the advisory groups and the results of the call for expressions of interest, is available on Cordis.

1 OJ L 294, 29.10.2002, p. y. 2 OJ L 355, 30.12.2002, p. 23. 3 2. Scope of Work Programme

The scope of this work programme corresponds to that defined in the specific programme. The calls for proposals planned within this work programme are those foreseen to close in 2003 along with, in many cases, an indication of those calls intended to close in 2004. Annex A gives an overview of these calls. Some topics in the specific programme have been left until a later stage and these will be addressed in future revisions of the work programme.

3. Cross Cutting Issues

There are several issues that are important to all parts of the work programme. These are addressed here and, as appropriate, elaborated in the various parts. Please note that the work related to statistics in this work programme will be implemented in close co-operation with EUROSTAT, in particular the parts relating to the priority thematic areas “Information Society technologies” and “Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society”, as well as the part addressing policy-oriented research under the heading “Specific activities covering a wider field of research”.

a) This work programme places special emphasis on the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular, at least 15% of the funding allocated to the Priority Thematic Areas of Research is foreseen for SMEs. In order to reach this objective, special actions are foreseen such as SME specific calls for proposals in the context of the new instruments, reinforcement of National Contact Points, and specific training and take-up measures. In addition, the involvement of SMEs is taken into account in the evaluation criteria particularly for the new instruments. Also the fact that enterprise groupings which represent large communities of SMEs may play an active role in the new instruments will contribute to reaching the above-mentioned objective.

b) Proposers based in Associated States may take part in this programme on the same footing and with the same rights and obligations as those based in Member States. In addition, this work programme underlines the importance of involving associated candidate countries in the Community's research policy and in the European Research Area. Specific support actions will also be implemented to stimulate, encourage and facilitate the participation of organisations from the candidate countries in the activities of the priority thematic areas. These will comprise information, awareness and training activities, promotion of candidate country competencies, support to researchers from these countries to participate in conferences and to prepare proposals, establishment and reinforcement of networks or centres of excellence between Member States and candidate countries, and between centres of excellence of candidate countries and within candidate countries, measures in support of SMEs in candidate countries to better participate, evaluation of RTD systems and policies in a particular field, the screening of research

4 establishments active in a particular field, and prospective studies aimed at defining research policies and organisation of research systems in a particular field. See Annex D for details of the specific support actions to be implemented for associated candidate countries.

c) International co-operation represents an important dimension of the Sixth Framework Programme. As a contribution to a European Research Area open to the world, it will be implemented in the Sixth Framework Programme through three major routes: - The opening of “Focusing and Integrating Community Research” to third country organisations with substantial funding, - Specific measures in support of international co-operation, and - International activities under the heading of Human Resources in the specific programme for research, technological development and demonstration "structuring the European Research Area".

The first two, as part of the specific programme “Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area”, are covered by the present work programme. They also correspond to the second activity referred to in Article 164 of the Treaty, which covers co-operation with third countries and international organisations.

 Opening of “Focusing and Integrating Community Research” to third country organisations

Funding is available for the participation of researchers, teams and institutions from third countries in projects within the seven Priority Thematic Areas of Research, as well as under “Specific activities covering a wider field of research”. Under this heading, the activities in question have the following overall objectives: - To help European researchers, businesses and research organisations in the European Union and in the countries associated with the Framework programme to have access to knowledge and expertise existing elsewhere in the world, and - To help ensure Europe’s strong and coherent participation in the research initiatives conducted at international level in order to push back the boundaries of knowledge or help to resolve the major global issues.

Any particular issue concerning the international dimension of the seven Priority Thematic Areas of Research and of the Specific activities concerning a wider field of research is set out in the relevant chapter of this work programme. Participants from all third countries3 and from international organisations may take part in all activities under this heading in addition to the minimum number of participants required.

3 There is currently no co-operation with Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Myanmar, or North Korea. This situation is subject to review, in line with the Community's external policies. Please check on Cordis for updates. 5 Participants from developing countries, Mediterranean partner countries, Western Balkan countries, as well as Russia and the new independent states (see the list of countries in Annex C) can be funded in all activities under this heading4.Other third country participants can also be funded in those areas where the relevant part of this work programme makes reference to this possibility or if it is essential for carrying out the research activity.

 Specific measures in support of international co-operation

315 million Euro will fund “Specific measures in support of international co-operation”. In support of the external relations, including the development policy, of the Community, these measures target the following groups of third countries: Developing countries, Mediterranean partner countries, Western Balkan countries, and Russia and the new independent states. The activities and calls for proposals under this heading, which are complementary to the opening of the Priority Thematic Areas of Research, are presented in Chapter 10 of this work programme. Requirements for consortium composition are set out in this part.

 Participation and funding for third country entities under the heading “Strengthening the European Research Area”

International co-operation with third country partners and international organisations will be actively fostered on all topics which will benefit from such co-operation. Furthermore, third country entities and international organisations can benefit from Community financial contribution. To this end, topics for international co-operation will be specified, where appropriate, in calls. This applies particularly to those third countries with whom co-operation agreements have been concluded.

d) Research activities carried out under this work programme must respect fundamental ethical principles and the requirements as stipulated in the decision on the specific programme for research, technological development and demonstration: "Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area". More information on the review procedure is foreseen in the “Guidelines on Proposal Evaluation and Project Selection Procedures” (http://www.cordis.lu/fp6/eval-guidelines). Annex B to this work programme also details the issues to be covered in any ethical review.

e) As much as possible and in association with the specific programme for research, technological development and demonstration "Structuring the European Research Area", the mobility of researchers will be promoted, particularly with a view to the successful creation of the European Research Area.

4 285 million euro has in fact been allocated for participation from the targeted third countries (see Annex C) within the Priority Thematic Areas of Research and specific activities covering a wider field of research. 6 f) This work programme attempts, where possible, to reinforce and increase the place and role of women in science and research both from the perspective of equal opportunities and gender relevance of the topics covered.

g) A particular effort will be carried out to take into consideration the ethical, social, legal, regulatory and wider cultural aspects of the research including socio-economic research, and innovation, resulting from the possible deployment, use and effects of the newly developed technologies or processes and scenarios covered by each of the thematic priorities. This effort will be complemented by socio-economic research carried out within the priority addressing ‘Citizens and governance in a knowledge- based society’.

h) In the context of the regular report to be submitted to the European Parliament and the Council, the Commission will report in detail on progress in implementing the specific programme, and, in particular, progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities.

i) The promotion of innovation is a cross-cutting issue, relevant to the whole European Community RTD Framework Programme. This issue aims to meet the Treaty objective of strengthening the scientific and technological bases of Community industry and encouraging it to become more competitive at international level5.

In this context, an important goal is to promote exploitation of the results of those projects which include R&D components6. To this end, consortia should pay sufficient attention to the management of knowledge and pursuit of innovation in their projects. These issues should be addressed in the proposals, and will be taken into account during their evaluation7.

In particular, the participants should include in their projects “innovation- related activities”, that may be supported by EC funding. Examples of such activities include the protection and management of knowledge and intellectual property, the analysis of socio-economic factors affecting the exploitation of the project's results, and feasibility studies for the creation of spin-offs.

During a project, the participants will be requested to report periodically on these issues, in particular by developing and updating throughout the project a plan for using and disseminating the knowledge. This plan should describe the innovation-related activities already implemented and those being planned, as well as their actual or expected impact.

Besides these central project-level activities, specific mechanisms will ensure that there is exchange of information and experience between the

5 EC Treaty, Art. 163.1 6 As confirmed in the Council decision of 30.9.2002 relating to the specific RTD programme for “Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area” (Annex, section 1.1 – OJ L 294/7) 7 As stated in Art. 10.1.e of the rules of participation (OJ L 355/28) 7 activities of the different work programmes as regards their innovation dimension, and that the innovation-related achievements be properly analysed and evaluated8.

4. Submitting a Proposal

Proposals should be submitted under the terms of a call for proposals9. In order to submit a proposal, a proposer should consult the following:

 This work programme,

 The relevant call for proposals as it is published in the Official Journal of the European Union, and

 The relevant Guide for Proposers.

These and a number of other useful texts, including the rules for participation and details on the contracts, are available on Cordis (as referred to above).

5. Cross Cutting Proposals

Proposals are invited to be submitted on the basis of calls for proposals, which are, in the case of the Priority Thematic Areas of Research organised thematically. Proposals that address more than one thematic area will be accommodated by the Commission, provided the proposal addresses areas covered by this work programme.

The specific programme is focused on a number of thematic priorities. They encompass a wide range of disciplines and proposals that cut across the boundaries of themes are to be expected. The criterion of relevance to the objectives of the specific programme is a sine qua non for the further consideration of such proposals. Furthermore, proposals will not be accepted if they do not fall within the scope of the work programme.

Cross-cutting proposals may be categorised as follows:

 Proposals with a clear “centre of gravity”. Given the nature of research carried out today, a large proportion of proposals contain some degree of multi-disciplinarity. These are handled by normal submission and evaluation procedures. For proposals which contain a significant technological or thematic element from a different part of the programme, the procedure involves the proposal being treated by the thematic area represented by the greatest proportion of the proposal (ie, its “centre of gravity”). For proposals where the centre of gravity is not immediately obvious, the Commission will examine the proposal content and decide in which thematic area the proposal is best handled. If a proposal is transferred to a thematic area other than the one to which it was submitted,

8 cf. OJ L 294/50, section 2.f of the Annex 9 Proposals for specific support actions, which do not fall within the scope of a call for proposals, may be submitted to the Commission only when it is provided for in this work programme. 8 it will be handled in the framework of the new thematic area. However, if the new centre of gravity does not have an open call at the time of transfer, the proposal will be held over, with the agreement of the proposers, until a suitable call is open, but only if such a call is explicitly foreseen by the work programme. If successful, the proposal will be handled and funded by the thematic centre of gravity.

 Joint calls for proposals. In certain fields, it is clear that proposals will always contain a high proportion of interest for different thematic areas. In this instance, the Commission uses calls for proposals issued jointly by two or more programme/thematic areas, with a pooling of budget. This procedure only occurs for well-defined areas where the cross cutting nature of the proposals to be received can be clearly identified in advance.

 Proposals with horizontal interest. These relate to proposals which are of general interest to all parts of the specific programme but of no specific interest to an individual part. If such proposals are truly innovative and ground breaking, there is the possibility of referring them to the work programme part that addresses “anticipating scientific and technological needs”, once this part is open for the receipt of such proposals. Proposals with a horizontal interest which do not meet this criterion may, if applicable, be handled like proposals with a centre of gravity (see first bullet point).

6. Evaluation Criteria and Related Issues

The “Guidelines on Proposal Evaluation and Project Selection Procedures” describes the basic procedures to be followed by all programmes under the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Community.

The set of criteria applicable to this work programme is given in Annex B. Any complementary criteria are clearly stated in the relevant part of this work programme. Evaluation thresholds for each set of criteria are given in Annex B and apply unless otherwise clearly stated. In addition, Annex B outlines how the following will be addressed: gender issues, ethical and/or safety aspects, and the education dimension.

All proposals before they are selected for funding and which deal with ethical issues and any proposal for which ethical concerns have been identified during the scientific evaluation may be reviewed by a separate ethical review panel. The “Guidelines on Proposal Evaluation and Project Selection Procedures” gives more details on the evaluation procedure as a whole as well as details of the ethical review procedure.

Furthermore, the work programmes, and consequently their calls for proposals, may specify and restrict the participation of legal entities in an indirect action according to their activity and type , according to the instrument deployed and to take into account specific objectives of the Framework Programme.

9 Calls for proposals may involve a two-stage evaluation procedure. When such a procedure is employed, this is stated clearly in the call for proposals. More information on this process is given in the “Guidelines on Proposal Evaluation and Project Selection Procedures”.

Finally, when evaluating proposals received in response to a call, the Commission may opt to send the proposals to external experts or make proposals available by electronic means, so that the experts can carry out their examination at their home or place of work.

7. Specific Support Actions

Support activities are more limited in scope than the accompanying measures of the previous Framework Programmes. These projects aim to contribute actively to the implementation of activities of the work programme, the analysis and dissemination of results or the preparation of future activities, with a view to enabling the Community to achieve or define its RTD strategic objectives. Therefore, a significant emphasis has been placed on Support Actions:

 to promote and facilitate the dissemination, transfer, exploitation, assessment and/or broad take-up of past and present programme results (over and above the standard diffusion and exploitation activities of individual projects);  to contribute to strategic objectives, notably regarding the European research area (e.g. pilot initiatives on benchmarking, mapping, networking, etc.);  to prepare future community RTD activities, (e.g. via prospective studies, exploratory measures. pilot actions etc.);

as opposed to awareness and information exchange activities, e.g. annual Workshops and Conferences, that would take place anyway without Commission support. The latter activities will not be welcome if they do not serve the programme’s strategic objectives, (in the sense of the European Research Area, improved co-ordination, public awareness, preparation of future Community initiatives, etc.).

A limited number of specific support actions may be funded, where such a request does not fall within the scope of a call for proposals, when they have particular characteristics and value to the objectives and the scientific and technological content of the specific programme. Such requests for grants must be for actions of European significance and could, for example, provide support for major policy-related workshops in the context of activities of the rotating Presidency of the Union. They should be submitted at least five months in advance of the event for which support is requested. The evaluation criteria will be those applicable to specific support actions as laid down in this work programme.

10 3.2 NMP Priority introduction

The twofold transition towards knowledge-based society and sustainable development demands new paradigms of production and consumption. There is a need to move from resource-based approaches towards more knowledge- based ones, from quantity to quality, and from mass produced single-use products to new concepts of higher added value, eco-efficient and sustainable products, processes and services. 3.3 Objectives, Structure and Overall Approach

The primary objective of this thematic area is to promote real industrial breakthroughs, based on scientific and technical excellence. Radical breakthrough can be achieved through two complementary approaches: - creation of new knowledge; - new ways of integrating and exploiting existing and new knowledge.

This requires changes in emphasis in Community research from short to longer term as well as in innovation, which must move from incremental to radical innovation and breakthrough strategies, while emphasising an integrating approach..

The transformation of industry towards high-added value organisations necessitates real integrated approaches, either “vertical”, combining materials sciences, nanotechnologies and production technologies, as well as other technologies based e.g. on information technologies or biotechnologies, or “horizontal”, combining multi-sectoral interests.

An integrated approach should cover consumption patterns so that the complete industrial cycle conforms to the societal requirement for sustainability. Particular attention will be given to the strong presence and interaction of innovative enterprises, universities and research organisations in research actions. Networks and projects are required that give research organisations and industry access to new technologies, therefore stimulating implementation of new approaches in most industrial sectors, in particular SME intensive sectors. A key issue will be to integrate competitiveness, innovation and sustainability into consistent RTD activities. This is why it is extremely important and relevant that industry itself is well represented and integrated in the proposed research projects. The integration of education and skills development with research activities will play an important role in increasing European knowledge, in particular in nanosciences and their associated new technologies, opening up opportunities for numerous industrial applications. In addition, it is expected that breakthrough research activities should help to foster dialogue with society and generate enthusiasm for science.

To realise the work programme the following instruments will be used: Integrated Projects (IP), Networks of Excellence (NE), specific targeted research projects (STREP), co-ordination actions (CA), and specific support actions (SSA). The research areas described below are valid for the 2004 calls, and they specify both crucial research topics, around problems which have to

11 be addressed urgently, and more long-term objectives for which structuring actions are to be preferred. 3.4 Technical content

The work programme presented below introduces each area and gives a description of the topics for which project proposals are invited. For each topic, the work programme specifies whether a new and/ or other instrument is to be used. IPs should be addressed through a multi-disciplinary approach and may therefore correspond to more than one topic whereas NE usually address a single topic. As there is competition between topics, this could consequently result in no proposal being supported in some topics under the 2004 calls. 3.4.1 Nanotechnologies and nanosciences Nanotechnologies and nanosciences represent a new multi-disciplinary and integrative approach to materials science and engineering, as well as to design new systems and processes by exploiting effects at the nano-scale and controlling the structure of materials. Europe enjoys a strong position in the nanosciences that needs to be translated into a real competitive advantage for European industry. The objective is twofold: to promote the creation of an RTD-intensive European nanotechnology related industry, and to promote the uptake of nanotechnologies in existing industrial sectors. Research may be long-term and high risk, but will be oriented towards industrial application and/or co-ordination of efforts at EU level. An active policy of encouraging industrial companies and SMEs, including start-ups, will be pursued through the promotion of strong industry/research interactions in consortia undertaking projects with substantial critical mass. Research and development activities should also promote development of new professional skills. For an effective development, European Universities may have to adapt with respect to education and training in nanosciences and nanotechnologies. Whenever appropriate, ethical, societal, communication, health, environmental and regulatory issues, in particular metrology and measurement traceability aspects, should be addressed. 3.4.1.1 Long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding phenomena, mastering processes and developing research tools Interdisciplinary research, to expand the generic underlying knowledge base of application-oriented nanosciences and nanotechnology, and to develop leading edge research tools and techniques, is vital for the future of industry.

Selected topics for 2004:

 Self-organisation and self-assembling – STREP The objective will be to achieve materials and/or systems with predictable composition and structure, control of their properties and performance, with the benefit of industrial competitiveness in the long-term. The expected STREPs should foresee interdisciplinary research, that may include modelling, “scaffolds”, growth, positional assembly, self-replication of nano-entities, their functionalisation, etc. Production issues could also be addressed, in particular in view of realising three-dimensional systems towards the fabrication of more complex structures with great and wide potential.

12 Incremental improvements of existing production lines are excluded, as well as applications that are covered within other topics of this work programme opened for STREPs, such as tissue engineering, molecular-and nanoelectronics.  Molecular motors – STREP The objective will be to develop new concepts and technologies for further developments with potential applications of substantial breakthrough. The expected STREPs should focus on the following issues: the development of molecular or biological motors (emphasis has to be given to how ‘to bring energy’ into nano-systems in order to have them accomplish given functions) including – where appropriate - new use of known molecules.

 Expanding knowledge in size-dependent phenomena – SSA For an effective development and exploitation of the nanosciences and nanotechnologies, a multidisciplinary approach is of paramount importance. More innovative ideas can be generated when crossing the traditional barriers of established disciplines. The expected SSAs should consist of studies and/or the organisation of international-high-level seminars or workshops. The proposed actions should gather top scientists and world-class specialists in order to develop new multidisciplinary concepts and initiatives in specific fields: molecular and mesoscopic scale phenomena; new approaches to integrate developments in inorganic, organic and biological materials and processes. Reports, including wide-ranging recommendations, such as for new research topics, changes in Universities or in curricula, should be delivered. 3.4.1.2 Nano-biotechnologies Europe needs to support research into the integration of biological and non- biological systems, opening new horizons in many applications, such as for processing and for medical and environmental analysis systems.

Selected topics for 2004:  New knowledge on interfaces for new applications – STREP New approaches for interfacing biological and non-biological components can open novel ways towards high performance devices and systems. These issues present intrinsic and methodological difficulties. The expected STREPs should have an important industrial relevance. They should be aimed at exploring such interfaces and interactions, develop new knowledge towards possible industrial applications, such as active or reactive interfaces, control of interactions between non-biological entities and biological molecules, new assemblies such as cells with surfaces, control of cell behaviour, etc. Potential health and environmental risks should be addressed, where appropriate. Health applications of bio-sensing are excluded and should be addressed under area 3.4.5.4.

13 3.4.1.3 Nano-metre-scale engineering techniques to create materials and components There is an increasing need to develop novel functional and structural materials of superior performance for industry by controlling their nanostructure. This will include technologies for their production, characterisation and processing.

Selected topics for 2004:  Nanostructured surfaces – IP Nanostructured surfaces exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that can be exploited for many valuable technological applications. The expected IPs should stimulate radical innovation in industry and address the development of interdisciplinary approaches to surface nanostructuring processes, such as by manipulation via supra-molecular chemistry or other surface science technologies. Surface nanostructuring may aim at building objects with atom-scale precision and/or control for high added value products/services, including e.g. smart surfaces with specific functions (e.g. bio-recognition), activated surfaces for self-sterilisation purposes (e.g. through photo-catalysis), etc. Where appropriate, novel nano-scale time-resolved and/or in-situ tools for analysis could be also addressed.  Industrially relevant production of nanoparticles – IP Nanoparticles present a great potential for several and different applications. Technical challenges, production costs and precautions to take in handling and processing still need extensive research. The expected IPs should have an important industrial relevance. It should address the development and scaling-up of production technologies of nanoparticles (diameter <100 nm) at a commercially viable cost. Research may combine the production (i.e., gas phase synthesis, sol-gel processing, etc.), funtionalisation, encapsulation, handling, stabilisation, transport and/or storage of the nanoparticles, i.e. powders and/or fibres. Whenever appropriate, societal, health, ethical and regulatory issues, and in particular validation and metrology aspects, should be addressed. Toxicological studies should also be included, where these are relevant. Development of nanostructured materials should be addressed under area 3.4.2.2. Development of carbon nanotubes should not be addressed under this topic.

3.4.1.4 Development of handling and control devices and instruments It is important for Europe to develop efficient instrumentation for measurement, analysis and manufacture at the nano-scale. A guiding target for handling and controlling nanostructures should be a feature size or resolution of the order of 10 nm. Selected topic for 2004:  Characterisation and/or manipulation devices and techniques – STREP The ability to characterise and manipulate atoms and molecules is crucial for the research and successful development of new products for industry. It is

14 important, therefore, for Europe to develop competitive instrumentation and handling devices and techniques for industrial fabrication of nano-products. The expected STREPs should address characterisation and/or manipulation devices and techniques at the atomic and molecular level, which ensure that fragile and active structures are not compromised. The novel devices and techniques should not only image these structures, but also analyse their properties thus providing an increasing wealth of information for industry. Devices and techniques must be able to simultaneously give the maximum analytical detail at high spatial resolutions. Fast and easy analysis techniques for both in-situ and ex-situ applications are aimed at, so that sample preparation and throughputs are not compromised for industrial processes. Interfaces may also be addressed.

3.4.1.5 Applications in areas such as health and medical systems, chemistry, energy, optics, food and the environment Nanosciences and nanotechnologies are fast developing domains with great potential, both in terms of improving the quality of life of all people and of creating wealth through novel knowledge-based and sustainable processes. The goal is to foster the potential nanotechnologies in breakthrough applications through the integration of research developments in materials and technological devices in an industrial context. The development of new, higher performance services, products, components, devices, systems and processes still requires long term research efforts. The availability of up-to-date information and the development of realistic scenarios are key elements for elaborating possible forms and scope for the intervention of public funds.  Impact on human health and environment – SSA; CA Information on the impact of nano-particles on human health and the environment is at present scarce. Speculations may be made that inorganic matter at the nano-scale is biologically inert. However, mechanisms are in general not known in sufficient detail, e.g. sorption, desorption, transport, aggregation, deposition or bio-uptake. The state of knowledge for organic matter is even less clear. The expected SSAs should consist of studies to gather reliable up to date information available on this topic, including toxicology issues. The expected CAs should consist of co-ordination actions amongst initiatives on one or more of the above-mentioned topics, which are on-going (or soon to be initiated) at regional, national or international level. In both the expected SSAs and CAs, considerations should encompass all possible impacts.  Ethical, legal, social aspects of research in nanotechnology - SSA Nanotechnology can benefit society at large, but at the same time - as any new technology - the societal impact it may have, cannot be underestimated. The expected SSAs should promote dialogue with civil society focussing in particular on the communication. The issues to be addressed are ethical, legal (including, as the case may be, regulatory issues, establishing priorities for standards and metrology needs, and specific IPR aspects) and/or social (including, where relevant, foresight activities and the possible impact of nanotechnology, as such or in combination with information technology, nano-biology and/or cognitive sciences).

15 3.4.2 Knowledge-based Multifunctional Materials

New, high knowledge-content materials, providing new functionalities and improved performance will be critical drivers of innovation in technologies, devices and systems, benefiting sustainable development and competitiveness. Since their applications have a strong impact on individuals and on society as a whole, a new research culture will be required. RTD activities are expected to be high risk, inter- and multi-disciplinary, long term and generic, with potential benefits in material, maintenance and energy savings as well as on health, safety and the environment. Breakthroughs will come not only from the new materials developed but also from new processing, overall product design and from the new approaches taken for example using renewable materials or interface design. A further need is to break away from the classical boundaries between types of materials that have characterised European research for the last few decades. To assure Europe's strong position in emerging technology markets the various actors need to be mobilised through leading edge multidisciplinary RTD partnerships and high-risk research.

3.4.2.1 Development of fundamental knowledge There is a pressing industrial need to better understand the complex physico-chemical and biological phenomena relevant to the mastering and processing of multifunctional and eco-efficient materials, including renewable materials, providing the basis for developing novel materials with predefined physical, chemical or biological characteristics.

Selected topics for 2004:  Understanding materials phenomena – NE; CA The objective is to study materials phenomena offering new options that in the long term can lead to innovative industrial applications. The activities should address a drastic extension of knowledge on multi-functional materials on the basis of their properties (e.g. physical, chemical, structural, biological), as well as on their processing and use. Interfacial characteristics and phenomena are also deserving of study. The expected NEs should be aimed at multidisciplinary integration in knowledge areas that can lead to new and better multi-functional materials and address in particular the relationship between properties and material structure. The expected CAs should be oriented at improving the synergy with existing activities in the Framework Programme and those carried out in the framework of COST and the ESF.

 Modelling and design of multi-functional materials – STREP Multidisciplinary efforts using the powerful computational tools of materials modelling are essential for the understanding of the complex behaviour of new knowledge-based materials and for their industrial use. The expected STREPs should focus on the modelling of materials behaviour and processing, addressing for example the development of

16 history-dependent concepts and of multi-scale simulation methods which take into account scale integration covering from the atomic level to continuum approaches. The links between simulation, theory, experiment, validation and use should be taken into consideration.

3.4.2.2 Technologies associated with the production, transformation and processing of knowledge-based multifunctional materials and biomaterials Industry needs the development and sustainable production, transformation and processing of new “smart” materials with special functionalities and for building up macro-structures. These novel materials, serving multisectoral applications, should possess characteristics to be exploited under predetermined circumstances as well as enhanced bulk properties or barrier and surface characteristics for higher performance. To produce them, new crosscutting technologies and processes have to be developed.

Selected topics for 2004:  Materials processing by radically innovative technologies – STREP Processing technologies represent the final enabling step in the utilisation of knowledge-base materials in increasingly demanding applications. Radical advances in the processing of multi-functional materials can contribute to improved performance and can lead to enormous benefits in the fabrication of industrial products. The expected STREPs should focus on technological breakthroughs in multifunctional material processing methods, with relation to chemical processes (e.g. micro-reaction engineering, ionic liquids, green chemistry), physical processes (e.g. crystallisation, solidification), biotechnologies and other techniques (e.g. microwave, laser, plasma, technologies for renewable materials).  Development of nanostructured materials – IP To explore this novel class of materials in which the intimate structure, or constituents, can be modulated at the nanoscale is of paramount importance for industrial applications. The expected IPs should be led by industry. They should focus on the development of nanostructured materials, in particular nano-composites and multifunctional thin films, having radically new nanostructures and exhibiting chemical and physical properties that are significantly different from those of conventional materials, and thus potentially leading to promising technological applications.  "Intelligent" biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration – STREP The objective is to develop new intelligent biomaterials (metallic, ceramic, polymer or composite, including “third generation” bioresorbable materials) that have a bioactive surface which can activate specific cells and genes and will represent a substantial breakthrough in their potential medical applications. The expected STREPs should address the development of bioactive materials systems (including coatings and surface treatments) sensitive to stimulus or specific body signals (pH, temperature, salt

17 concentration, sugar concentration, enzymes, etc.), that can activate specific behaviours and responses of cells and genes as well as their complex organisation and also consider the incorporation of substances to provide the biomaterial with the desired functionalities.  Tribology-related surface engineering for multifunctional materials - IP The aim is to tailor and extend the performance and functionalities of multifunctional materials by ambitious knowledge-based engineering of their surface. Tribological coatings or surface treatments dealing with multifunctional material durability and efficiency are relevant for important industry sectors, such as manufacturing, energy, automotive and aerospace. The expected IPs should focus on radical innovation in the tribological behaviour and thin film functionality. Substantial industrial participation is required.

3.4.2.3 Engineering support for materials development The challenge is to overcome EU industry’s weaknesses in the integration of materials and industrial manufacturing or processing, by improving materials development and the transfer of this knowledge to industry. Engineering tools will enable the production of new materials in a context of sustainable development and competitiveness.

Selected topics for 2004:  Materials by design: Bio-inspired materials and Organic/Inorganic Hybrid materials – STREP The main objective is to develop novel multi-functional materials for multisectoral applications by following new design approaches and materials processing solutions, such as “learning from nature” or materials “made to measure”, using where appropriate the potential of nanotechnology. The study of complex bio-inspired materials and hybrid materials is expected to involve multidisciplinary efforts and has two important aspects: miniaturisation, to include many functions in a small volume, and hybridisation, to gain from associating inorganic and organic components. Multi-scale analysis should allow to optimise performance. The expected STREPs on bio-inspired materials should focus on bio- mineralisation, interfaces, gels, hierarchically-structured materials and mesoscopic scale phenomena. STREPs on hybrid materials should focus on structure of the organic/inorganic interface, synthesis strategies and application-oriented property enhancement.

 New knowledge-based higher performance multi-materials for macro-scale applications - IP The objective is to understand, design and develop new complex multifunctional materials and structures in order to extend their functions and in-service performances in a context of sustainability. The expected IPs should focus on multi-materials, integrating for example into complex structures metallic,- ceramic- and cement-based materials, soft and cellular materials and polymers, renewable materials, glasses, composites and

18 other materials which are specifically tailored for high performance or which are able to exchange information with their environment. Engineering support may also include up-scaling and eco-design tools as well as life-cycle, product friendliness and standardisation approaches. Substantial industrial involvement is required.  Measurement and testing of new multi-functional materials – CA Metrology and testing methods to determine the properties of multifunctional materials under different operation conditions are essential engineering tools in materials development. Europe-wide efforts to help harmonise measurement and testing methods, in order to prepare the future standards with regard to the new knowledge-based materials, can represent a major contribution to the internal market. The expected CAs should focus on the co-ordination at European level of the national activities.  Mapping and foresight activities on multi-functional materials – SSA The identification of the leading European research groups in the field of multifunctional materials and of the challenges ahead is an essential tool for policy development and for promoting European leadership in this domain. The expected SSAs should focus on strategic studies involving the mapping of existing research and an identification of the main goals and bottlenecks, and should suggest the most relevant research needs and future actions. 3.4.3 New Production Processes and Devices New production concepts need to be designed, based on breakthrough organisational, quality and technological developments, supporting new products, processes and services. The goal is to support the transformation of European industry towards a more knowledge-based and added value industry for improved competitiveness and sustainability. To this end it is vital to provide the industrial systems of the future with the necessary tools for efficient life-cycle design, production, use and recovery, decreasing at the same time internal and external costs and reducing major accident hazards. Appropriate organisational models and improved knowledge management should support technological developments and innovation routes. Flagship research projects need to be carried out, highlighting the importance of collaboration between research and industry, the major outcome of which would be a framework for “manufacturing in 2010” based on substantial involvement of industries.

3.4.3.1 Development of new processes and flexible, intelligent manufacturing systems The challenge for Europe is to encourage industry’s transition towards more knowledge-based and customised production and systems organisation and to consider production from a more holistic perspective, encompassing not only hardware and software, but also people and the way in which they learn and share knowledge. A wide innovation range is expected in a number of industrial sectors, particularly the traditional ones, with the final goal of increased competitiveness and increased private investment in research, in line with the objectives of the Lisbon (knowledge based economy) and Barcelona Summits.

19 Selected Topics for 2004:  New and user-friendly production technologies, and their incorporation into the factory of the future - IP; CA The objective is to support future cost-effective, high quality, fault-tolerant, eco-friendly, energy-saving, safe and more flexible manufacturing systems. New design and engineering concepts (integrating new materials, mechatronics, communicating machines, eco-processes, etc.) are urgently required. The objective of expected IPs, in line with clear long-term industrial visions for EU industry, should focus on the emergence of new manufacturing concepts, their validation and the identification of best practices. The expected CAs should be aimed at creating maximum of synergies with “EUREKA Factory” based on a clear roadmap to maintain and improve competitiveness and sustainability of the European Manufacturing sector.  New production technologies for high added value products, exploiting and using nanoscale precision engineering techniques – IP As well as the materials of the future, Europe needs new technologies for the industrial production of high added value products. The objective of this area is the development of radical breakthrough production techniques paving the way towards the production systems of the future, exploiting and using -engineering techniques with precision at the nanoscale. The expected IPs should have a strong industrial participation and lead to breakthrough production concepts "beyond conventional approaches". A truly multi-disciplinary and holistic approach is required, allowing maximum synergies between classical technologies (linked with design, processing, maintenance, metrology or end of life) and nanotechnology. The IPs should cover activities from research to validation, with proper emphasis on dissemination of results and new working environments. (Topics relating to nanostructured materials, transport and micro-electronics are covered by areas 3.4.2, 3.4.4 and 3.4.5 respectively).  Support to the development of new knowledge-based added-value products and services in traditional less RTD intensive industries - IP dedicated to SMEs10 The objective is to promote the shift of the industrial sectors which are traditionally less RTD intensive to high-added-value sectors. The expected IPs should focus on the incorporation of emerging technologies driving new production and organisation paradigms in all phases of the complete/extended value-chain (design, production, supply and distribution) to allow development of new knowledge-based, added value and quality products and services in traditional sectors. Addressing the challenge of creating knowledge-based industries at the 2010 horizon, particular attention should be given in the different research projects to education, training and skill development.

10 See section 3.6.5 20 3.4.3.2 Systems research and hazard control It is important for Europe to contribute to an improved sustainability of industrial manufacturing and processing systems and to a substantial and measurable reduction in environmental and health impacts, through new industrial approaches, as well as an enhancement of resource efficiency and a reduction in consumption of primary resources. Aiming at sustainable development (often implying 90% of reduction in the use of new resources) demands new paradigms not only of production but also of use and consumption. This should be based on an increased move towards more knowledge-based and life-cycle approaches. Projects should help explore new concepts, expected to support the technological and reference basis for the EU Environmental Technologies Action Plan.

Selected Topic for 2004:  Hazard reduction in production plant and storage sites – IP The objective is to support life-cycle safety of industrial production systems through new breakthrough approaches, in particular for 'Seveso classified' sites and related processes. Sound and human-friendly working conditions, safety aspects for prevention of accidents and diseases and civil protection should of course be ensured. The expected IPs should have a strong industrial participation and concentrate on the support to new production and storage paradigms integrating new knowledge and technologies dealing with design of new processes, plants and storage sites, including automation and security systems, monitoring, maintenance and may involve the use of new materials. Particular attention has to be given to create a maximum of synergy with other European, national or regional programmes, in particular with regard to the needs of candidate countries and to stimulate the involvement of all stakeholders, including regulators. Proposed activities should obviously correspond to the IPPC (integrated pollution prevention and control) and Seveso policies11.

3.4.3.3 Optimising the life-cycle of industrial systems, products and services Products and production systems should become increasingly life-cycle, quality and service oriented, in addition to the requirements of intelligence, energy, cost-effectiveness, safety and cleanliness. The key challenge is therefore to promote new industrial and consumption approaches based on eco-efficiency, which must allow the development of new concepts for production, products, processes and organisational innovation.

Selected Topics for 2004:

 Support to the development of new knowledge-based and sustainable processes and eco-innovation – IP dedicated to SMEs jointly with area 3.4.3.1 (Dedicated call for SMEs jointly with area 3.4.3.1) The objective is to support traditionally less RTD intensive sectors in the development of more sustainable and safer processes through eco-innovation

11 http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/seveso/ http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ippc/index.htm 21 (new products and production systems and enterprises designed for win-win solutions for business and environment). The expected IPs should be aimed at incorporating environmental technologies such as new materials processing technologies, eco-design or recycling or through new organisational approaches to change unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. Appropriate attention should be given to health impact assessments on workers and consumers, as well as to education and skill development, and to a committed participation of the private SME sector. In addition this should give support to the Action Plan on Environmental Technologies http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/etap/.  New life-cycle optimised, safety and environmental technologies for industrial production - STREP Industrial installations, process and production systems and their infrastructure have a life-cycle extending to several decades. In the context of the sustainable and safe use of natural and industrial resources and installations, any concept of new processes should therefore be based on their global life-cycle impact. Research can contribute through the development of breakthrough approaches for reducing initial investment and resource consumption, improving the whole service-life operational costs and impact, including on environment and safety, and maximising societal benefits. The expected STREPs should seek to develop radically new technologies for cleaner and more efficient production and ultimately the hazard-free industrial activities. Essential issues therefore also include all aspects of hazard control, human and operational aspects. Scientific and technological research activities should aim at the better understanding of material, equipment and operational properties, limits and risks, and help to develop new design and industrial concepts. STREPs must be supported by key industrial stakeholders. Activities in this area will be in co-ordination with 3.4.3.2 “Systems research and hazard control”.  Increasing the “user awareness” for sustainable consumption – CA, SSA There will not be any sustainable development without the demand from users for sustainable solutions. In addition a growing challenge is the ‘rebound effect’ of increasing consumption of more eco-efficient products. The expected CAs should provide solutions and specific tools (through transformation of information into useable knowledge along the complete value chain) to help users understand and evaluate the sustainability impacts of proposed solutions and thereby to increase ‘responsibility’ of producers and consumers. Expected benefits are increased life-cycle efficiency and upgradeability of industrial systems and services provided to people and society in general. The expected SSAs should address the analysis of the interface between science and society in the domain of sustainable production and consumption. In addition, linked with the emergence of potentially disruptive technologies, SSAs should come in support of industrial research activities to help researchers keep in touch with the societal and life-cycle impacts their research on new production technologies may have. SSAs should consider foresight studies as well as innovation supportive activities (including

22 educational issues) in key industrial domains and sectors for Europe, benefiting society at large and being able to generate long term effects. 3.4.4 Integration of nanotechnologies, new materials, and new production technologies for improved construction, chemicals and surface transport This area has been added to the three first areas, as defined in the specific programme, due to the “integrating” challenge of the expected output and due also to the number of EoIs and proposals received on the subject. A specific target should indeed be to put nanotechnologies, materials science and advanced technologies at the service of society, both in terms of improving the quality of life of all people and of creating wealth through novel knowledge- based and sustainable products and processes. The goal is to foster breakthrough applications through the integration of multi-disciplinary research developments in an industrial context.

Selected Topics for 2004:

3.4.4.1 Human-friendly, safe and efficient construction – IP Construction projects, including buildings and civil infrastructure represent the biggest capital investment of society. Safety and security are also at the heart of societal concerns. Research activities should therefore not only stimulate better cost efficiency and quality in building and related processes but also more eco-efficiency and safety. The expected IPs should be led by industry and focus on new and breakthrough process re-engineering approaches to provide novel, efficient and sustainable solutions for the built environment including infrastructure and transport utilities, underground construction and cultural heritage. The objectives within these IPs should include ensuring the safety of workers and the general public against unexpected events with adverse effects but also against damage (safety and security). Breakthroughs on new construction materials, including those which are environment friendly, and the design and production concepts "beyond conventional approaches" are required for higher quality in building and processes. Truly integrated research activities, including pre-normative research, from user-oriented design through construction processes through maintenance to demolition and recycling, should demonstrate full integration of stakeholders.

3.4.4.2 New generation of multifunctional materials and technologies for surface transport - IP The ever increasing demand for a new generation of vehicles is putting pressure not only on the development of light, tough, formable materials and/or structures which can withstand the modern demands of cost- effectiveness safety, and eco-sustainability, but also on the development of the pertinent new materials processing techniques. The new challenge for designers and manufacturing engineers is to really design and manufacture the third millennium vehicle with for example a drastically reduced number of components, while broadening their existing functionalities. The expected IPs should be led by industry and develop breakthrough concepts for multi-

23 functional materials and related manufacturing processes, leading to new design approaches for the new generation of vehicle. The need here is for multidisciplinary and holistic approaches allowing design teams to get closer to materials and production engineers so that real multi-functional materials concepts can be explored, including multi-materials or hybrid solutions to reduce overall vehicle weight and therefore its fuel consumption.

3.4.4.3 Mastering chemicals and creating new eco-efficient processes and synthesis routes – IP; NE The objective is to foster Europe’s lead in chemical technologies by developing new competitive and eco-efficient processing routes for the preparation of high added value chemical products, which will also provide benefits in other intermediary and end-user sectors. An important goal is to be able to produce chemicals at the right costs and purity levels and meet safety, health and environmental requirements. The expected IPs should be led by industry and focus on new strategies and new approaches in chemical engineering and catalysis, including biocatalysis, microreactors, high-throughput techniques, non-hazardous solvent routes, as well as in new formulation and synthesis routes for eco-materials and chemical processes exploiting renewable materials. The expected NE should aim at durable integration of research activities of major teams at European level, focusing in the field of catalysis, applying nano-catalysis materials. 3.4.5 Cross-priorities actions and links to other research actions

Joint and co-ordinated calls are to be organised for 2004. Calls for coordinated actions are intended to improve synergies between Member States (current and new) and Associated States research activities as well as with the Research Fund for Coal and Steel and EUREKA (in the field of “the factory of the future” and of nano-photonics and nano-electronics). Clear links also exist between this Thematic Priority and Priority 2 “Information society technologies”, especially in the field of intelligent manufacturing systems, biosensors, and nanoelectronics, which justify developing synergies through a joint call. Clear links exist also between this Priority and Priority 6 "Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems".

3.4.5.1 “Very low CO2 and greenhouse gas steel production processes” – target 2020 - IP Steel has played a key role in the historical development of Europe and in the rise of the region’s standard of living and will continue to do so. The impact on the environment of the steel sector is important due to its high level of resource consumption and energy requirements. The global warming challenge will put especially strong pressure on the steel industry to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions drastically. This is a tough requirement, as the integrated steel production route generates about 2 tons of CO2 per ton of steel. This is already the result of a large effort in reducing the energy needs of steel mills: specific energy consumption has thus gone down by 60% in the last 40 years,

24 while the global emissions of CO2 decreased by 50% during the same period. To go beyond these major achievements, and decrease emissions by a significant factor in line with the post-Kyoto probable requirements for the future, the steel industry needs to develop new process paradigms based on breakthrough technologies. The expected IP has to present high industrial relevance and to be focused on radical development. The objective is thus to develop radically new technologies for the next generation of iron and steelmaking processes, which will take into account society’s long-term sustainability needs, while improving the current high quality of products. Therefore a wide range of technologies with a high potential in reducing CO2 and GHG emissions have to be examined. Some examples are: - carbon-lean technologies combined with CO2 capture and sequestration, innovative use of natural gas and hydrogen, biomass or electricity.

3.4.5.2 Integrating technologies for the fast and flexible manufacturing enterprise – IP; STREP; SSA This topic is implemented through a joint call with Priority 2 – IST, that will be launched in Spring 2004. Objectives and content will be defined together with Priority 2 and will be included in the next revision of this work programme, expected by early 2004.

3.4.5.3 Bio-sensing systems for health – IP; STREP; SSA This topic is implemented through a joint call with Priority 2 – IST, that will be launched in Spring 2004. Objectives and content will be defined together with Priority 2 and will be included in the next revision of this work programme, expected by early 2004.

3.4.5.4 Nano-Photonics and Nano-Electronics – IP; NE; STREP; SSA This topic is implemented through a joint call with Priority 2 – IST, that will be launched in Spring 2004. Objectives and content will be defined together with Priority 2 and will be included in the next revision of this work programme, expected by early 2004. Consideration will be given of the development of a possible ‘nanoelectronics’ platform. 3.4.6 Co-ordination of activities in an enlarged Europe The enlargement of Europe is calling for a better integration of research actors and activities in the field of NMP. Accordingly, synergies between the different industrial research teams working under relevant topics of the work programme in all Member States (current and new) and Associated States, should be fostered.

Priority will be given in 2004 to the exchange of best practices in information, communication and training of research co-ordinators. The expected CA should emphasize the role of NCPs.

25 3.5 Implementation plan and related issues

3.5.1 New Instruments - Integrated Projects (IP): For this Priority, an integrated project should include all necessary activities to ensure industrial breakthrough and transformation of industry in a dynamic and effective way, for the benefit of industry and society. In this context, a substantial industrial participation is expected. The activities should also lead to a positive image of industrial research. - Networks of Excellence (NE): For this Priority, in addition to the objectives of a NE as described in the “horizontal” part of this WP (lasting integration of research capacities), the activities of a Network of Excellence should be oriented towards long-term research objectives as a contribution to advancing knowledge for sustainability, competitiveness and dynamism of the European industry. They should include activities related to education and skills development. For this Priority, the evaluation of proposals submitted under the new instruments (IP; NE) will normally be organised in two stages. The rationale for this is due to the specific nature of this Priority, which is multidisciplinary, cross sectoral and SME intensive, for which a “bottom up” approach is encouraged. The first stage proposal should address only a reduced set of the evaluation criteria. Coordinators of retained proposals in stage 1 will be invited to submit a complete proposal that will be then evaluated against the entire set of evaluation criteria. 3.5.2 Other instruments Three other instruments will complement the new instruments. - Co-ordination Actions (CA): The objective is to strengthen links between different research initiatives, such as EUREKA, national, regional and Commission RTD projects. For this Priority, pilot projects would be welcome in order to explore methods of such co-ordination with EUREKA, COST and ESF activities. - Specific Targeted Research Projects (STREP) at the frontiers of knowledge: In the scope of Priority 3, for 2004, such projects should be targeted at exploring the frontiers of knowledge and to support long term innovation and transformation of industry. The objective is to help develop innovative technologies to meet the needs of the future society. Such projects could be considered as incubators for future IPs. - Specific Support Actions (SSA): In the scope of Priority 3 such measures are used to support long-term research activities. For a positive evaluation, their impact should be ensured at a broad international level. An example could be to consolidate scenarios for the future (time horizon 2010-2015) setting out development and technology road maps, not forgetting barriers to development, in support of sustainable and knowledge intensive production, in the context of international co-operation. Another example might be to look at factors for improving the interaction between researchers and public authorities, regulators or standardisation bodies, about “success” and “failure” factors.

26 3.5.3 International co-operation Industrial research needs appropriate critical mass and benefits dramatically from an international dimension. International co-operation rules are described under the “horizontal” part of this Specific Programme. A specificity of Thematic Priority 3 is nevertheless the IMS (Intelligent Manufacturing Systems) scheme. IMS is a multi-lateral agreement allowing research collaboration between its member regions12. Actions, carried out jointly between Priorities 2 and 3, will cover: - Support to implementation of research activities, through a European IMS secretariat, a yearly contribution to the IMS interregional secretariat and specific RTD actions, - Support to co-ordination of international research activities, - Benchmarking of research activities and policies in the field of IMS, - Stimulation of knowledge communities, support to IMS enlargement, etc., - Support to the development of an international engineering curriculum. 3.5.4 Other Specific Actions in support of Priority 3 Organisation of ex-post evaluation: Drawing on previous programme experience, external experts will evaluate all industrial research projects related to this Priority to assess the impacts of the research and learn about “success” and “failure” factors. Support to exploitation: Identification of potential obstacles to exploitation and seminars to develop exploitation strategies. 3.5.5 Implementation and Budgetary Planning Calls for 2004 - See fiches in section 3.6. A call (call NMP-NI-3) will be launched by the end of 2003, for an indicative funding of 245 M€ devoted to the new instruments (IPs and NEs), opened in the fields identified in section 3.4. For the new instruments the closing date for receipt of first stage proposals is March 2, 2004. Co-ordinators retained in stage 1 will be invited to submit a second stage proposal by the indicative deadline of June 22, 2004, at 17.00, Brussels time. Considering the indicative budget available for this call about 20 proposals are expected to be supported (see also section 3.6: call information).

A budget of 105 M€ indicative will be devoted to other instruments (STREP, CA, SSA), also called by the end of 2003 (call NMP- TI-3). The closing date for this call is on May 12, 2004, 17.00, Brussels time.

A call (call NMP-SME-3) targeting SMEs Integrated Projects will be launched by the end of 2003, with an indicative funding of 80 M€. The deadline for the first stage proposals will be on March 2, 2004, 17.00, Brussels time, and for the second stage proposals on June 22, 2004, at 17.00, Brussels time.

SME can of course participate in each and every call for proposals. However, Integrated Projects dedicated to SMEs are specifically designed to encourage

12 IMS regions presently encompass Europe Union and Norway, Switzerland, Canada, USA, Japan, Australia and Korea. 27 SMEs efforts towards research and innovation. Such Integrated Projects should be led by SMEs with R&D capacities13 with, obviously, possible participation of universities and research centres. Other industries and industrial associations can participate whenever it is either essential or highly desirable in terms of the role of SMEs in the supply chain. Proposed activities should be centred on reinforcement of the SME S&T knowledge and validation of innovative solutions within broad international as well as regional contexts. Results of such IPs should clearly be for the benefit of SMEs.

Mobilisation of resources from SMEs with research capacities, including those with high potential for innovation, should be substantial. Activities to be carried out should benefit to the shift of less intensive RTD sectors to RTD intensive and higher added value sectors. They should lead to a positive image of industrial research. A wide range of innovation is expected in a wide range of sectors, such as textiles, building, wood, pulp and paper, leather and footwear, bio-medical, control systems, etc.

A call (call NMP-STEEL-3) for IP proposals targeting area 3.4.5.1 of the work programme will be launched by the end of 2003, in coordination with the 2003 and 2004 calls of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel. The indicative funding is of 25 M€, of which 20 M€ are from Priority 3 and 5 M€ are from the Research Fund for Coal and Steel (outside of the 6th Framework Programme budget). The closing date for receipt of complete proposals (IPs only) will be March 17, 2004, 17.00, Brussels time. IP proposals under this call are submitted in one stage.

A call (call IST-NMP-3) will be launched in Spring 2004, jointly with Priority 2. The indicative funding is of 180 M€, of which 90 M€ from Priority 3 (70 for the new instruments and 20 M€ for traditional instruments). Special attention will be given to IMS. The closing date for receipt of proposals defined together with priority 2 and will be specified in the next revision of this work programme expected by early 2004.

Indicative Budgetary Road map

2003 2004 2005 2006 Total Calls 2003 NMP 1 (NI) 171 129 NMP 1 (TI) 130 30 NMP-2 SMEs 40 IST-NMP 3 32 Calls 2004 NMP 3 (NI) 90 155 NMP 3 (TI) 21 84 NMP 3 SMEs 80 NMP3 STEEL 20 IST-NMP 3 60 (+ 30)

13 Consultants are NOT considered SMEs. 28 Calls 2005 To be decided (1) operational budget; including ACC and AS participation and of which minimum 15% for SMEs; (2) funds for INCO participants to be included in the funding of research projects (3) including calls for tenders

Table for the NMP first calls (2003) Instrument New Instruments Other instruments M€ (STREP, CA, SSA)

First Call 260 + 40 (1) 140 + 20 (1) (STREP, CA, SSA)

Joint call with Priority 2 25 10 (CA, SSA)

Dedicated Call for SMEs 40

ACCs dedicated call 1 (1) ACC and AS budget Table for the NMP second calls (2004) Instrument New Instruments Other instruments M€ (STREP, CA, SSA)

Second Call 245 105 (STREP, CA, SSA)

Dedicated Call for SMEs 80 ---

Joint call “steel” 20 ---

Joint call with Priority 2* 70 20

* WP revision to be launched early in 2004; call expected to be published in Spring 2004

29 3.6 Call information

Call fiche – Second call of priority 3 (NMP) : New Instruments (IPs and NEs)

1. Specific Programme: Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area 2. Activities: Priority Thematic Area of research “Nanotechnology, … processes and devices” 3. Call title: Thematic call in the area of “Nanotechnology, … processes and devices” 4. Call identifier: FP6-2003-NMP-NI-3 5. Date of publication14: December 13, 2003 6. Closure date(s) 15: For Integrated project (IP) and Network of excellence: (first stage), 02.03.04 at 17.00 (Brussels local time). 7. Total indicative budget: 245 M € (*)

Instrument € (millions) IP and NE 245

(*) Considering the indicative budget available for this call, about 20 proposals are expected to be supported.

8. Areas called and Instruments: Area Instrument Nano-metre-scale engineering techniques to create materials and components 3.4.1.3 – 1 Nanostructured surfaces IP

3.4.1.3 – 2 Industrially relevant IP production of nanoparticles Development of fundamental knowledge

3.4.2.1-1 Understanding materials NE phenomena Technologies associated with the production, transformation and processing of knowledge-based multifunctional materials and bio-materials 3.4.2.2 – 2 Development of IP nanostructured materials 3.4.2.2 – 4 Tribology-related surfaces IP engineering for multi-functional materials

14 The Director-General responsible for the publication of this call may publish it up to one month prior or after its envisaged publication date. 15 When the envisaged date of publication is either advanced or delayed (see previous footnote), closure date(s) will be adjusted accordingly. 30 Engineering support for materials development

3.4.2.3 – 2 New knowledge-based higher IP performance multi-materials for macro- scale applications Development of new processes and flexible intelligent manufacturing systems 3.4.3.1-1 New and user-friendly IP production technologies and their incorporation into the factory of the future 3.4.3.1 – 2 New production technologies IP for high added-value products, exploiting and using nano-scale precision engineering techniques Systems research and hazard control

3.4.3.2-1 Hazard reduction in production IP plant and storage sites Integration of nanotechnologies, new materials and new production technologies for improved construction, chemicals and surface transport 3.4.4.1 Human-friendly, safe and efficient IP construction 3.4.4.2 New generation of IP multifunctional materials and technologies for surface transport 3.4.4.3 Mastering chemicals and creating IP, NE new eco-efficient processes and synthesis routes

9. Minimum number of participants: Instrument Minimum number of participants IP and NE 3 independent legal entities from 3 different MS or AS, with at least 2 MS or ACC.

10. Restriction on participation: None. 11. Consortia agreements:  Participants in IP and NE are required to conclude a consortium agreement. 12. Evaluation procedure:  For IP and NE, the evaluation shall follow a two-stage procedure. An outline proposal (stage 1), of a maximum of 20 pages (font size 12), addressing only a reduced set of the evaluation criteria i.e.:  For IP: relevance, potential impact and S/T excellence  For NE: relevance, potential impact, shall be submitted at the closure date mentioned under item n°6 above. Proposals having passed the minimum thresholds required in the first stage (12 out of 15 for IP and 8 out of 10 for NE) will be retained for the second stage (“go” proposals).

31 Coordinators of “go” proposals will be requested to provide a complete proposal, which will be evaluated against the whole set of evaluation criteria. The closure date for the second submission will be included in the invitation to complete the proposal (indicative closure date: 22.06.04).  Proposals will not be evaluated anonymously. 13. Evaluation criteria:  See Annex B of the work programme for the applicable criteria (including their individual weights and thresholds and the overall threshold) per instrument.  For Integrated Projects and Networks of Excellence attention will be given to the focus of the proposals with regard to the general objectives of Priority 3 as well as the specific objectives described for each topic covered by the call. 14. Indicative evaluation and contractual timetable:  Evaluation results: estimated to be available within 2 months after the closure date;  Conclusion of first contracts: it is estimated that the first contracts related to this call will come into effect by the end of 2004.

32 Call fiche – Second call of priority 3 (NMP) : Traditional Instruments (STREP, CA and SSA)

1. Specific Programme: Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area 2. Activities: Priority Thematic Area of research “Nanotechnology, … processes and devices” 3. Call title: Thematic call in the area of “Nanotechnology, … processes and devices” 4.A Call identifier: FP6-2003-NMP-TI-3-main (see below 6A) 4.B Call identifier: FP6-2003-NMP-TI-3-ncp (see below 6B) 5. Date of publication16: December 13, 2003 6.A Closure date 17: 12.05.04 at 17.00 (Brussels local time) for all areas except for 3.4.6 - Call identifier: FP6-2003-NMP-TI-3-main 6.B Closure date: 02.03.04 at 17.00 (Brussels local time) for topic 3.4.6 (Co- ordination of activities in an enlarged Europe – CA) only. - Call identifier: FP6- 2003-NMP-TI-3-ncp 7. Total indicative budget: 105 M € (*) Instrument € (millions) STREPs, CAs and SSAs 105

(*) Considering the indicative budget available for this call, about 50 proposals are expected to be supported.

8. Areas called and Instruments: Area Instrument Long term interdisciplinary research into understanding phenomena, mastering processes and developing research tools 3.4.1.1 – 1 Self-organisation and self- STREP assembling 3.4.1.1 – 2 Molecular motors STREP

3.4.1.1 – 3 Expanding knowledge in size- SSA dependent phenomena Nano-biotechnologies

3.4.1.2 – 1 New knowledge on interfaces STREP for new applications Development of handling and control devices and instruments 3.4.1.4-1 Characterisation and/or STREP manipulation devices and techniques Applications in areas such as health and medical systems, chemistry, energy, optics, food and the environment

16 The Director-General responsible for the publication of this call may publish it up to one month prior or after its envisaged publication date. 17 When the envisaged date of publication is either advanced or delayed (see previous footnote), closure date(s) will be adjusted accordingly. 33 3.4.1.5 – 1 Impact on human health and SSA; CA environment 3.4.1.5 – 2 Ethical, legal, social aspects SSA of research in nanotechnology Development of fundamental knowledge

3.4.2.1 – 1 Understanding materials CA phenomena 3.4.2.1 – 2 Modelling and design of STREP multi-functional materials Technologies associated with the production, transformation and processing of knowledge-based multifunctional materials and bio-materials 3.4.2.2 – 1 Materials processing by STREP radically innovative technologies 3.4.2.2 – 3 ‘Intelligent’ bio-materials for STREP tissue repair and regeneration Engineering support for materials development

3.4.2.3 – 1 Materials by design: bio- STREP inspired materials and organic/inorganic hybrid materials 3.4.2.3 – 3 Measurement and testing of CA new multi-functional materials 3.4.2.3 – 4 Mapping and foresight SSA activities on Multifunctional materials Development of new processes and flexible intelligent manufacturing systems 3.4.3.1-1 New and user-friendly CA production technologies, and their incorporation into the factory of future Optimising the life-cycle of industrial systems, products and services 3.4.3.3 – 2 New life-cycle optimised, STREP safety and environmental technologies for industrial production 3.4.3.3-3 Increasing the ‘user awareness’ CA; SSA for sustainable consumption

3.4.6 Co-ordination of activities in an CA enlarged Europe

9. Minimum number of participants: Instrument Minimum number of participants STREP and CA 3 independent legal entities from 3 different MS or AS, with at least 2 MS or ACC. SSA 1 legal entity

10. Restriction on participation: None. 11. Consortia agreements: 34  Participants in STREP, CA and SSA resulting from this call are encouraged, but not required, to conclude a consortium agreement. 12. Evaluation procedure:  For STREP, CA and SSA proposals, the evaluation shall follow a single stage procedure  Proposals will not be evaluated anonymously. 13. Evaluation criteria:  See Annex B of the work programme for the applicable criteria (including their individual weights and thresholds and the overall threshold) per instrument.  Attention will be given to the relevance of the proposals with regard to the general objectives of priority 3 as well as the specific objectives described for each topics covered by the call. 14. Indicative evaluation and contractual timetable:  Evaluation results: estimated to be available within 2 months after the closure date;  Conclusion of first contracts: it is estimated that the first contracts related to this call will come into effect by the end of 2004.

35 Call fiche – Second call for IPs for SMEs in priority 3 :

1. Specific Programme: Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area 2. Activities: Priority Thematic Area of research “Nanotechnology, … processes and devices” 3. Call title: Dedicated call for IPs for SMEs in the area of “Nanotechnology, … processes and devices” 4. Call identifier: FP6-2003-NMP-SME-3 5. Date of publication18: December 13, 2003 6. Closure date(s) 19: For Integrated project (IP) (1st stage), 02.03.04 at 17.00 (Brussels local time); 7. Total indicative budget:

Instrument € (millions) IP 80

8. Areas called and Instruments:

Area Instrument 3.4.3.1-3 Support to the development of IP dedicated to SMEs new knowledge-based added-value products and services in traditional less RTD intensive industries 3.4.3.3 - 1 Support to the development of IP dedicated to SMEs new knowledge-based and sustainable processes and eco-innovation

9. Minimum number of participants:

Instrument Minimum number of participants IP dedicated to SMEs 3 independent legal entities from 3 different MS or AS, with at least 2 MS or ACC.

10. Restriction on participation: Proposals should be clearly led by SMEs (see also section 3.6.5). 11. Consortia agreements:  Participants in IP are required to conclude a consortium agreement. 12. Evaluation procedure:  For IP dedicated to SMEs, the evaluation shall follow a two-stage procedure. An outline proposal (stage 1) of a maximum of 20 pages (font size 12), addressing only a reduced set of the evaluation criteria, i.e.: relevance, potential impact and

18 The Director-General responsible for the publication of this call may publish it up to one month prior or after its envisaged publication date. 19 When the envisaged date of publication is either advanced or delayed (see previous footnote), closure date(s) will be adjusted accordingly. 36 S/T excellence, shall be submitted at the closure date mentioned under item n°6 above. Proposals having passed the minimum thresholds (12 out of 15) required in the first stage will be retained for the second stage (“go” proposals). Coordinators of “go” proposals will be requested to provide a complete proposal, which will be then evaluated against all set of evaluation criteria. The closure date for that second submission shall be mentioned in the request (indicative closure date: 22.06.04).  Proposals will not be evaluated anonymously. 13. Evaluation criteria:  See Annex B of the work programme for the applicable criteria (including their individual weights and thresholds and the overall threshold) per instrument. 14. Indicative evaluation and contractual timetable:  Evaluation results: estimated to be available within 2 months after the closure date;  Conclusion of first contracts: it is estimated that the first contracts related to this call will come into effect by the end of 2004.

37 Call fiche – Dedicated call in co-ordination with the Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS):

1. Specific Programme: Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area 2. Activities: Priority Thematic Area of research “Nanotechnology, … processes and devices”

3. Call title: Dedicated call in the area of “Very low CO2 Steel Processes”, launched in co-ordination with the 2003 and 2004 calls of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, as referred to in the Council Decision 2003/78/EC (O.J. L29/28 of 05.02.03) 4. Call identifier: FP6-2003-NMP-STEEL-3 5. Date of publication20: December 13, 2003 6. Closure date(s) 21: 17.03.04 at 17.00 (Brussels local time) 7. Total indicative budget: 20 M € for Priority 3 and 5M€* for Research Fund for Coal and Steel (* outside the 6th Framework Programme budget)

Instrument € (millions) IP 25 (20 for Priority 3, 5 for RFCS)

8. Areas called and Instruments: Area Instrument

3.4.5.1 Very low CO2 and greenhouse gas steel production processes – target IP 2020”

9. Minimum number of participants: Instrument Minimum number of participants IP 3 independent legal entities from 3 different MS or AS, with at least 2 MS or ACC.

10. Restriction on participation: None. 11. Consortia agreements:  Participants in IP are required to conclude a consortium agreement. 12. Evaluation procedure:  For IPs the evaluation shall follow a single stage procedure.  Proposals will not be evaluated anonymously. 13. Evaluation criteria:

20 The Director-General responsible for the publication of this call may publish it up to one month prior or after its envisaged publication date. 21 When the envisaged date of publication is either advanced or delayed (see previous footnote), closure date(s) will be adjusted accordingly. 38  See Annex B of the work programme for the applicable criteria (including their individual weights and thresholds and the overall threshold) per instrument.  For Integrated Projects attention will be given to the focus of the proposals with regard to the general objectives of priority 3 as well as the specific objectives described for each topic covered by the call. This will imply particular references to a substantial participation and leadership of industry under the criteria ‘relevance’, ‘quality of consortium’, ‘management’ and ‘mobilisation of resources’. 14. Indicative evaluation and contractual timetable:  Evaluation results: estimated to be available within 3 months after the closure date;  Conclusion of first contracts: it is estimated that the first contracts related to this call will come into effect by the end of 2004.

39 ANNEXES

Annex A: Overview of Calls for Proposals foreseen in this Work Programme (see relevant work programme part for details) - SP1 1. Life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health (i) FP6-2002-Lifescihealth - publication 17/12/2002; closure 25/03/2003; budget 513 M€ (ii) FP6-2003-Lifescihealth-I - publication 15/07/2003; closure 13/11/2003; budget 411 M€ (iii) FP6-2003-Lifescihealth-II - publication 15/07/2003; closure 15/04/2004; budget 4 M€ (iv) FP6-2003-Lifescihealth-3 - publication 13/12/2003; closure 24/03/2004; budget 12 M€ 2. Information Society technologies (i) FP6-2002-IST-1- publication 17/12/2002; closure 24/04/2003; budget 1070 M€ (ii) FP6-2002-IST-C-publication 17/12/2002; closing 31/12/2004; budget 60 M€ (iii) FP6-2002-IST-NMP-1(joint) - publication 17/12/2002; closing 24/04/2003; budget 60 M€ (iv) FP6-2002-IST- publication 17/06/2003; closure 15/10/2003; budget 525 M€ 3. Nano-technologies and nano-sciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials, and (i) FP6-NMP-1- publication 17/12/2002; closures 6/03/2003 and 10/04/2003; budget 400 M€ new production processes and devices (ii) FP6-2002-IST-NMP-1-(joint) publication 17/12/2002; closing 24/04/2003; budget 60 M€ (iii) FP6-NMP-2- publication 17/12/2002; closure 10/04/2003; budget 40 M€ (iv) FP6-2003-NMP-NI-3- publication 13/12/2003; closure 02/03/2004; budget 245 M€ (v) FP6-2003-NMP-TI-3- publication 13/12/2003; closure 12/05/2004; budget 105 M€ (vi) FP6-2003-NMP-SME-3- publication 13/12/2003; closure 02/03/2004; budget 80 M€ (vii) FP6-2002-STEEL-3(joint) - publication 13/12/2003; closing 17/03/2004; budget 25 M€ (with 20 M€ from FP6, the balance from the Research Fund for Coal and Steel) 4. Aeronautics and space (i) FP6-Aero-1- publication 17/12/2002; closure 20/03/2003; budget 240 M€ (ii) FP6-Aero-2- publication 17/12/2002; closure 20 March 2003 and 23 September 2003; budget 7 M€ (iii) FP6-2002-TREN-1 (joint)-publication 17/12/2002; closures 18,20/03/2003 and 15/04/2003; budget 140 M€ (iv) FP6-2003-TREN-2 (joint)-publication 17/06/2003 closure 17/12/2003; budget 175 M€ (v) FP6-2002-Space-1- publication 17/12/2002; closure 20/03/2003; budget 60 M€ (vi) FP6-2003-Aero-1- publication 13/12/2003; closure 31/3/2004; budget 300 M€ (vii) FP6-2003-Aero-2 - publication 13/12/2003; closure 31/3/2004, and 28/9/2004; budget 7 M€ (viii) FP6-2003-Space-1 - publication 13/12/2003; closure 31/3/2004; budget 60 M€ 5. Food quality and safety (i) FP6-2002-Food-1 - publication 17/12/2002; closure 15/04/2003; budget 167 M€ (ii) FP6-2003-Food-2A & B - publication 12/11/2003; closures 12/02/2004 and 29/09/2004.; budget 197 M€ 6.Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems (a) Sustainable Energy Systems: (i) FP6-2002-TREN-1(joint)-publication 17/12/2002; closures 18,20/03/2003 and 15/04/2003; budget 140 M€ (ii) FP6-2002-Energy 1- publication 17/12/2002; closure 18/03/2003; budget 198 M€ (iii) FP6-2003-TREN-2(joint)- publication 17/06/2003; closure 17/12/2003; budget 175 M€ (iv) FP6-2003-Energy-2- publication 4/10/2003; closure 17/12/2003; budget 3 M€ (b) Sustainable surface transport: (i) FP6-2002-TREN-1(joint)-publication 17/12/2002; closures 18,20/03/2003 and 15/04/2003; budget 140 M€ (ii) FP6-2003-TREN-2 (joint)-publication 17/06/2003 closure 17/12/2003; budget 175 M€ (iii) FP6-2002-Transport 1- publication 17/12/2002; closure 15/04/2003; budget 170 M€ (iv) FP6-2002-Transport 2- publication 17/12/2002; closure 3 April 2003 and 23 September 2003, budget 5 M€ (v) FP6-2003-Transport-3 - publication 13/12/2003; closure 6/4/ 2004; budget 150 M€ (vi) FP6-2003-Transport-2 - publication 13/12/2003; closure 6/4/2004 and 22 September 2004; budget 5 M€

40 (c) Global change and ecosystems: (i) FP6-2002-Global 1-publication 17/12/2002; closure 8/4/2003; budget 170 M€ (ii) FP6-2003-Global 1-publication 3/07/2003; closure 9 October 2003 and 17 February 2004; budget 180 M€ 7. Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society (i) FP6-2002-Citizens 1-publication 17/12/2002; closure 15/04/2003; budget 20 M€ (ii) FP6-2002-Citizens 2-publication 17/12/2002; closure 15/04/2003, budget 33 M€ (iii) FP6-2002-Citizens 3-publication 17/12/2002; closure 10/12/2003; budget 48 M€ 8. Policy support and anticipating scientific and technological needs (a) Policy-oriented research: (i) FP6-2002-SSP 1 - publication 17/12/2002; closure 13/03/2003; budget 149,1 M€ (ii) FP6-2003-SSP-SARS 1 - publication 3/7/2003; closure 30/09/2003; budget 9 M€ (iii) FP6-2003-SSP3 - publication 4/10/2003; closure 5/01/2004; budget 83.1 M€ (b) New and Emerging S&T problems and opportunities: (i) FP6-2003-NEST-A-publication 26/02/2003; closure 22/10/2003; budget 28M€ (ii) FP6-2003-NEST-B1, B2, B3, B4 - publication 17/12/2003; closure 14/4/2004 and 15/9/2004; budget 30M€ (iii) FP6-2003-NEST-Path - publication 17/12/2003; closure 14/4/2004; budget 35M€ 9. Horizontal research activities involving SMEs (i) FP6-2002-SME 1-publication 17/12/2002; closure 27/11/2003; budget 155 M€ (ii) FP6-2002-SME 2-publication 17/12/2002; closure 6/03/2003; budget 40 M€ (iii) FP6-2003-SME 1-publication 17/12/2002; closure 21/10/2004; budget 75 M€ (iv) FP6-2003-SME 2-publication 17/12/2003; closure 6/04/2004; budget 41 M€ (v) FP6-2003-SME 3-publication 17/12/2003; closure 6/04/2004; budget 2 M€ 10. Specific measures in support of international co-operation (i) FP6-2002-INCO DEV 1- publication 17/12/2002; closure 11/09/2003, budget 50 M€ (ii) FP6-2002-INCO MPC 1-publication 17/12/2002; closure 7/05/2003; budget 25 M€ (iii) FP6-2002-INCO WBC1-publication 17/12/2002; closure 7/05/2003, budget 13.5 M€ (iv) FP6-2002-INCO DEV/SSA 1 - published 17/12/2002; open call; final closure 6/03/2006; budget 1 M€ for 2003, 1.9 M€ for 2004 (v) FP6-2002-INCO MPC/SSA 2 - published 17/12/2002; open call; final closure 6/03/2006; budget 0.6 M€ for 2003, 0.9 M€ for 2004 (vi) FP6-2002-INCO WBC/SSA3 - published 17/12/2002; open call; final closure 6/03/2006; budget 0.6 M€ for 2003, 0.9 M€ for 2004 (vii)FP6-2002-INCO-Russia+NIS/SSA-4 - published 17/12/2002; open call; final closure 6/03/2006; budget 0.6 M€ for 2003, 0.9 M€ for 2004 (viii) FP6-2002-INCO-COMultilatRTD/SSA 5 - published 17/12/2002; open call; final closure 6/03/2006; budget 0.6 M€ for 2003, 1.5 M€ for 2004 (ix) FP6-2003-INCO-DEV-2 - publication 17/12/2003; closure 14/09/2004, budget 36.2 M€ (x) FP6-2003-INCO-MPC-2 - publication 17/12/2003; closure 14/9/2004; budget 27.1 M€ (xi) FP6-2003-INCO-Russia+NIS-1 - publication 17/12/2003; closure 27/4/2004, budget 14 M€ 11. Support for the co-ordination of activities (i) FP6-2002-ERA-NET-1-CA-SSA - publication 17/12/2002; open call; final closure 4/10/2005; budget 35 M€ for 2003, 60 M€ for 2004 12. Support for the coherent development of policies None foreseen under the current work programme. D. Promotion of co-operation with Associated Candidate Countries (i) FP6-2003-ACC-SSA-General - publication 26/03/2003; closure 26/06/2003, budget 9 M€ (ii) FP6-2003-ACC-SSA-NMP; FP6-2003-ACC-SSA-Aero-Space; FP6-2003-ACC-SSA-Food; FP6-2003-ACC-SSA-Energy; (iii) FP6-2003-ACC-SSA-Transport - publication 26/03/2003; closure 26/06/2003, budget up to 4 M€

41 Annex B: Common evaluation criteria for evaluating proposals

A number of evaluation criteria are common to all the programmes of the Sixth Framework Programme and are set out in the European Parliament and the Council Regulations on the Rules for Participation (Article 10). These are: a) “Scientific and technological excellence and the degree of innovation; b) Ability to carry out the indirect action successfully and to ensure its efficient management, assessed in terms of resources and competences and including the organisational modalities foreseen by the participants; c) Relevance to the objectives of the specific programme; d) European added value, critical mass of resources mobilised and contribution to Community policies; e) Quality of the plan for using and disseminating the knowledge, potential for promoting innovation, and clear plans for the management of intellectual property.”

Furthermore, in applying paragraph (d) above, the following criteria are also to be taken into account: a) “ For networks of excellence, the scope and degree of the effort to achieve integration and the network’s capacity to promote excellence beyond its membership, as well as the prospects of the durable integration of their research capabilities and resources after the end of the period covered by the Community’s financial contribution; b) For integrated projects, the scale of the ambition of the objectives and the capacity of the resources to make a significant contribution to reinforcing competitiveness or solving societal problems; c) For integrated initiatives relating to infrastructure, the prospects of the initiative’s continuing long term after the end of the period covered by the Community’s financial contribution.”

As set out in the Rules for Participation, the calls for proposals determine, in accordance with the type of instruments deployed or the objectives of the RTD activity, how the criteria set out above are applied by the Commission.

The purpose of this annex is to indicate how these criteria shall be applied. In particular, as the Sixth Framework Programme contains a differentiated set of instruments, the way in which each criterion translates into the issues to be examined as the basis for marking proposals will differ. In evaluating against these criteria, the checklists of issues set out in the following pages are intended to be universal for each type of instrument.

Unless otherwise specified in the relevant parts of this work programme, the principal issues set out below (i.e. the main numbered headings) will be given equal weighting in the evaluation. For each principal issue, a minimum score to be achieved is also indicated as well as a minimum overall score for each instrument. Proposals that fail to achieve these minimum threshold scores shall be rejected. Any departures from these threshold scores are indicated in the relevant part of this work programme.

42 In addition to the basic checklists below and any specific criteria or interpretations of the criteria required for a call, the following issues are also addressed for all proposals at any appropriate moment in the evaluation:

 Are there gender issues associated with the subject of the proposal? If so, have they been adequately taken into account?

 Have the applicants identified the potential ethical and/or safety aspects of the proposed research regarding its objectives, the methodology and the possible implications of the results? If so, have they been adequately taken into account in the preparation of the proposal?

An ethical check will take place for all proposals during the evaluation. A specific ethical review will be implemented following the evaluation for proposals recommended for funding and which deal with specific sensitive issues or whenever recommended following the ethical check during the evaluation. To this end, additional information on ethical aspects may be requested from proposers to allow the specific ethical review to be carried out. (See the section “The ethical review of proposals” below for more details on the criteria to be applied).

When appropriate, the following additional issues may also be addressed during the evaluation:

 To what extent does the proposal demonstrate a readiness to engage with actors beyond the research community and the public as a whole, to help spread awareness and knowledge and to explore the wider societal implications of the proposed work?

 Have the synergies with education at all levels been clearly set out?

 If third country participation is envisaged in the proposal, is it well justified and the participation well integrated in the activities?

43 Integrated Projects (IP)

The following set of issues is intended to be a common basis for the evaluation of proposals for integrated projects.

1. Relevance (threshold score 3 out of 5)  The extent to which the proposed project addresses the objectives of the work programme.

2. Potential impact (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the proposed project is suitably ambitious in terms of its strategic impact on reinforcing competitiveness (including that of SMEs) or on solving societal problems.  the innovation-related activities and exploitation and/or dissemination plans are adequate to ensure optimal use of the project results.  the proposal demonstrates a clear added value in carrying out the work at European level and takes account of research activities at national level and under European initiatives (e.g. Eureka).

3. S&T excellence (threshold score 4 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project has clearly defined objectives.  the objectives represent clear progress beyond the current state-of-the-art.  the proposed S&T approach is likely to enable the project to achieve its objectives in research and innovation.

4. Quality of the consortium (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the participants collectively constitute a consortium of high quality.  the participants are well-suited and committed to the tasks assigned to them.  there is good complementarity between participants.  the profiles of the participants, including those to be included later, have been clearly described.  the real involvement of SMEs has been adequately addressed.

5. Quality of the management (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the organisational structure is well matched to the complexity of the project and to the degree of integration required.  the project management is demonstrably of high quality.  there is a satisfactory plan for the management of knowledge, of intellectual property and of other innovation-related activities.

44 6. Mobilisation of resources (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project mobilises the minimum critical mass of resources (personnel, equipment, finance…) necessary for success.  the resources are convincingly integrated to form a coherent project.  the overall financial plan for the project is adequate.

Overall threshold score 24 out of 30.

45 Networks of Excellence (NoE)

The following set of issues is intended to be a common basis for the evaluation of proposals for networks of excellence.

2. Potential impact (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  Europe has a strategic need to strengthen S&T excellence on the topic by means of a restructuring of the existing research capacities and the way research is carried out.  the goals of the network are, in that connection, suitably ambitious particularly, in terms of achieving European leadership and acting as a world force on this topic.  the proposal demonstrates a clear added value in carrying out the work at European level and takes account of research activities at national level and under European initiatives (e.g. Eureka).  there is an effective plan for spreading excellence, exploiting results and disseminating knowledge, including to SMEs and to those outside the network.  the proposed approach is likely to have a durable structuring impact on European research.

3. Excellence of the participants (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the participants are currently conducting excellent research relevant to the topic of the network or are capable of important contributions to the joint programme of activities.  the participants are well suited to the tasks assigned to them.  they collectively have the necessary critical mass of expertise and resources to carry out the joint programme of activities successfully.

4. Degree of integration and the joint programme of activities (threshold score 4 out of 5) The extent to which:  the expected degree of integration justifies supporting the proposal as a network of excellence.  the joint programme of activities is sufficiently well designed to achieve the expected degree of integration.  the participating organisations have made a convincing commitment towards a deep and durable integration continuing beyond the period of Community support.

46 5. Organisation and management (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the organisational structure of the network provides a secure framework for any necessary structural decisions to be taken  the management of the network is demonstrably of high quality.  there is a well-considered plan for promoting gender equality in the network.

47 Specific Targeted Research Projects or Innovation Projects

The following set of issues is intended to be a common basis for the evaluation of proposals for (1) Specific Targeted Research Projects or (2) Specific Targeted Innovation Projects.

2. S&T excellence (threshold score 4 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project has clearly defined and well focused objectives.  the objectives represent clear progress beyond the current state-of-the-art.  the proposed S&T approach is likely to enable the project to achieve its objectives in research and innovation

3. Potential impact (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the proposed project is likely to have an impact on reinforcing competitiveness or on solving societal problems.  the proposal demonstrates a clear added value in carrying out the work at European level and takes account of research activities at national level and under European initiatives (e.g. Eureka).  exploitation and/or dissemination plans are adequate to ensure optimal use of the project results.

4. Quality of the consortium (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the participants collectively constitute a consortium of high quality.  the participants are well-suited and committed to the tasks assigned to them.  there is good complementarity between participants.  the opportunity of involving SMEs has been adequately addressed.

48 5. Quality of the management (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project management is demonstrably of high quality.  there is a satisfactory plan for the management of knowledge, of intellectual property and of other innovation-related activities.

6. Mobilisation of resources (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project foresees the resources (personnel, equipment, financial…) necessary for success.  the resources are convincingly integrated to form a coherent project.  the overall financial plan for the project is adequate.

49 Coordination Actions

The following set of issues is intended to be a common basis for the evaluation of proposals for coordination actions.

2. Quality of the coordination (threshold score 4 out of 5)

The extent to which:  the research actions/programmes to be coordinated are of demonstrably high quality.  the coordination mechanisms proposed are sufficiently robust for ensuring the goals of the action

3. Potential impact (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the proposal demonstrates a clear added value in carrying out the work at European level and takes account of research activities at national level and under European initiatives (e.g. Eureka).  the Community support would have a real impact on the action and its scale, ambition and outcome.  the project mobilises a critical mass of resources in Europe  exploitation and/or dissemination plans are adequate to ensure optimal use of the project results, where possible beyond the participants in the project.

4. Quality of the consortium (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the participants collectively constitute a consortium of high quality.  the participants are well-suited to the tasks assigned to them.  the project combines the complementary expertise of the participants to generate added value with respect to the individual participants’ programmes.

6. Mobilisation of resources (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project provides for the resources (personnel, equipment, financial…) necessary for success.  the resources are convincingly integrated to form a coherent project.  the overall financial plan for the project is adequate.

51 Specific Support Actions

The following set of issues is intended to be common to all parts of FP6 for the evaluation of proposals for specific support actions.

1. Relevance (threshold score 4 out of 5)

The extent to which  the proposal addresses key issues to defined in the work programme/call, specific programmes or ERA, as appropriate.

2. Quality of the support action (threshold score 3 out of 5)

The extent to which:  the proposed objectives are sound and the proposed approach, methodology and work plan are of a sufficiently high quality for achieving these objectives.  the applicant(s) represent(s) a high level of competence in terms of professional qualifications and/or experience.  the proposed activities are innovative and original (if applicable).

3. Potential impact (threshold score 3 out of 5)

The extent to which:  the impact of the proposed work can only be achieved if carried out at European level.  the Community support would have a substantial impact on the action and its scale, ambition and outcome.  exploitation and/or dissemination plans are adequate to ensure optimal use of the project results, where possible beyond the participants in the project.

4. Quality of the management (threshold score 3 out of 5)  The extent to which the management structure is credible in terms of professional qualifications, experience, track record and capacity to deliver.

5. Mobilisation of resources (threshold score 3 out of 5)

The extent to which :  the project provides for the resources (personnel, equipment, financial…) necessary for success.  the overall financial plan for the project is adequate.

Overall threshold score 17.5 out of 25.

52 Specific Research Projects for SMEs

The following set of issues is intended to be a common basis for the evaluation of proposals for Horizontal Research Activities for SMEs (for (1) Co-operative Research projects - CRAFT and for (2) Collective Research projects).

(1) For Co-operative Research Projects (CRAFT)

1. Relevance to the objectives of co-operative research (threshold score 3 out of 5)

 The extent to which the proposed project addresses a specific scientific and/or technological problem or need of a group of SMEs.

2. S&T excellence (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project has clearly defined and well focused objectives.  the objectives represent substantial progress beyond the current state-of-the- art.  the proposed S&T approach is likely to enable the project to achieve its objectives in research and innovation.

3. Potential impact (threshold score 4 out of 5) The extent to which:  the proposed project has an impact on the competitiveness of the participant SMEs and/or contributes to solving societal problems.  the proposal demonstrates a clear added value in carrying out the work at European level and takes account of research activities at national level and under European initiatives (e.g. Eureka).  exploitation and, where relevant, dissemination plans are adequate to ensure optimal use of the project results.  the proposed project will lead to new and improved products, processes or services with clear market potential.

4. Quality of the consortium (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the participation of other enterprises and end-users, if relevant, is in the interest of the SME participants.  the SMEs are well-suited and committed to the tasks assigned to them and to exploiting the results.  the RTD performers are of high quality and there is good complementarity between them.  there is a balanced contribution by the SMEs, other enterprises and end-users to the project.

6. Mobilisation of resources (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project foresees the resources (personnel, equipment, financial…) necessary for success.  the resources are convincingly integrated to form a coherent project.  the financial plan is adequate.

Overall threshold score 21 out of 30

(2) For Collective Research Projects

1. Relevance to the objectives of Collective Research (threshold score 4 out of 5)  the extent to which the proposed project addresses a specific scientific and/or technological problem or need of large communities of SMEs.

2. S&T excellence (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project has clearly defined and well focused objectives.  the objectives represent substantial progress beyond the current state-of-the- art.  the proposed S&T approach is likely to enable the project to achieve its objectives in research and innovation.

3. Potential impact (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the proposed project has an impact on the competitiveness of large communities of European SMEs and/or contributes to solving societal problems.  the proposal demonstrates a clear added value in carrying out the work at European level and takes account of research activities at national level and under European initiatives (e.g. Eureka).  dissemination and training plans and, where relevant, exploitation plans are adequate to ensure optimal use of the project results.

4. Quality of the consortium (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the industrial associations or industry groupings are committed to disseminating the project results, to the training of managers of SMEs and SME associations and, when appropriate, to exploiting the project results.  the ‘core group’ of SMEs are committed to exploiting the project results.

54  the RTD performers are of high quality and there is good complementarity between them.

5. Quality of the management (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project management is demonstrably of high quality.  there is a satisfactory plan for the management of knowledge, of intellectual property and of other innovation-related activities.  the 'core group' of SMEs associated to the project will contribute from the definition phase of the project to the dissemination of the results obtained.

6. Mobilisation of resources (threshold score 3 out of 5) The extent to which:  the project foresees the resources (personnel, equipment, financial, etc.) necessary for success.  the resources are convincingly integrated to form a coherent project.  the financial plan for the project is adequate.

55 The ethical review of proposals In accordance with Article 3 of the Framework Programme and Article 10 of the Rules for Participation, the evaluation procedure includes a check of any ethical issues raised by proposals. A specific ethical review of proposals involving sensitive ethical issues may take place after the evaluation and before any selection decision by the Commission. For this purpose, an ethical review (ER) panel may be convened.

The ER panel assesses the following elements:  The awareness of the proposers of the ethical aspects of the research they propose  Whether the researchers respect the ethical requirements of the 6th Framework Programme. In this respect, a declaration to the minutes of the Council meeting of 30.09.2002 was made; this is set out at the end of this section.  Whether the proposers have taken into account the legislation, regulations and/or guidelines in place in the country(ies) where the research takes place  Whether the relevant international conventions and declarations are taken into account22  Whether the relevant Community Directives are taken into account.  Whether the proposer is seeking the approval/favourable opinion of relevant local ethics committees

For research involving human beings, the ER panel assesses in particular:  The information which is given to the participants (healthy volunteers, tissue donors, patients, etc.)  Measures taken to protect participants’ personal data (including genetic data) and privacy  Recruitment criteria and means by which the recruitment is to be conducted  Level of care offered to participants

For research involving isolated or banked human embryonic stem cells in culture and foetal tissues and cells (for which restrictions apply, see the declaration to the Council minutes below) the ER panel assesses in particular:  Whether the proposers have taken into account the legislation, regulations and/or codes of conduct in place in the country(ies) where the research using human embryonic stem cells in culture will take place.The procedures for obtaining informed consent  The source of the human embryonic and foetal tissues/cells.  Measures taken to protect personal data (including genetic data) and privacy

22 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, signed in Nice, 7 December 2000 Convention on Human rights and Biomedicine – Oviedo, 4.04. 1997 - Council of Europe and the Additional protocol on the prohibition of Cloning of human beings (1998) Universal declaration on the Human genome and human rights - Unesco - 11 November 1997 Declaration of Helsinki (in its latest version) - World Medical Association Convention on the Rights of the Child – United Nations - 20 November 1989 Amsterdam protocol on an animal protection and welfare

56  The nature of financial inducements, if any.

For research involving animals, the ER panel assesses in particular:  Whether the proposers are applying the ‘Three Rs’ principle: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, and in particular:  Are animal experiments replaced by alternatives whenever possible?  Is animal suffering avoided or kept to a minimum?  Is animal welfare guaranteed and are the principles of biodiversity respected?

With respect to research involving human embryonic stem cells (as mentioned above), the relevant declaration to the minutes of the Council meeting of 30 September 2002 is as follows:

“ The Council and the Commission agree that detailed implementing provisions concerning research activities involving the use of human embryos and human embryonic stem cells which may be funded under the 6th Framework Programme shall be established by 31 December 2003. The Commission states that, during that period and pending establishment of the detailed implementing provisions, it will not propose to fund such research, with the exception of the study of banked or isolated human embryonic stem cells in culture. The Commission will monitor the scientific advances and needs as well as the evolution of international and national legislation, regulations and ethical rules regarding this issue, taking into account also the opinions of the European Group of Advisers on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology (1991–1997) and the opinions of the European Group on Ethics in Science and New technologies (as from 1998), and report to the European Parliament and the Council by September 2003.

The Council states that it intends to discuss this issue at a meeting in September 2003.

In the review of any subsequent proposal submitted to Council when applying Article 5 of the Decision 1999/468/EC the Commission recalls its statement concerning Article 5 of Decision 1999/468/EC, according to which the Commission, in order to find a balanced solution, will act in such a way as to avoid going against any predominant position which might emerge within the Council against the appropriateness of an implementing measure (cf. OJ C 203, 17.7.1999, p. 1).

The Council notes the intention of the Commission to submit to the programme Committee, established under the specific Research programme "Integrating and strengthening the ERA", procedural modalities concerning research involving the use of human embryos and human embryonic stem cells, in accordance with Article 6, paragraph 3, first indent.

The Council further notes the intention of the Commission to present to Council and Parliament in Spring 2003 a report on human embryonic stem cell research which will form the basis for discussion at an inter-institutional seminar on bioethics.

Taking into account the seminar's outcome, the Commission will submit, based on article 166 (4) of the Treaty, a proposal establishing further guidelines on principles

57 for deciding on the Community funding of research projects involving the use of human embryos and human embryonic stem cells.

The Council and the Commission will do their utmost, counting on the support of the European Parliament, to complete the legislative procedure as early as possible and at the latest in December 2003.

The Council and the Commission expect that the above mentioned seminar will contribute, as suggested by the European Parliament, to a Europe-wide and well- structured discussion process on the ethical issues of modern biotechnology, particularly on human embryonic stem cells, in order to enhance public understanding.

The Council and the Commission note that the ethical acceptability of various research fields is related to the diversity among Member States, and is governed by national law in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. Moreover, the Commission notes that research using human embryos and human embryonic stem cells is allowed in several Member States, but not in others.”

58 Annex C : List of Groups of target countries for specific measures in support of International Co-operation DEVELOPING  Sri Lanka  Georgia COUNTRIES CARIBBEAN  Thailand  Kazakhstan (ACP, ASIA,  Antigua and  Vietnam  Kyrgyzstan LATIN Barbuda  Moldova AMERICA)  Bahamas - LATIN AMERICA  Russia **  Barbados  Tajikistan - ACP  Belize*  Argentina  Turkmenistan  Cuba*  Bolivia  Ukraine AFRICAN  Dominica  Brazil  Uzbekistan  Angola  Dominican  Chile  Benin Rep.  Colombia  Botswana  Grenada  Costa Rica WESTERN  Burkina-Faso  Guyana*  Ecuador BALKAN  Burundi  Haiti  El Salvador COUNTRIES  Cameroon  Jamaica  Guatemala  Albania  Cape Verde  Saint Kitts and  Honduras  Bosnia-  Central African Nevis  Mexico Herzegovina Republic  Saint Lucia  Nicaragua  Croatia  Chad  Saint Vincent  Panama  Former  Comoros and Grenadines  Paraguay Yugoslav  Congo  Suriname*  Peru Republic of (Republic)  Trinidad and  Uruguay Macedonia  Congo Tobago  Venezuela (FYROM) (Democratic  Serbia and 2 Rep. of) PACIFIC Montenegro  Côte d’Ivoire  Cook Islands MEDITERRANEAN  Djibouti  East Timor ** PARTNER *For participation in  Equatorial  Fiji COUNTRIES 1 the « Specific measures Guinea  Kiribati in support of international co-  Eritrea  Marshall  Algeria operation », these  Ethiopia Islands  Egypt countries can be  Gabon  Micronesia,  Jordan considered both in  Gambia Federal States of  Lebanon ACP and Latin  Ghana  Nauru  Morocco American region  Guinea  Niue  Syrian Arab  Guinea-Bissau  Palau Rep. **For participation in  Kenya  Papua New  Tunisia the « Specific measures  Lesotho Guinea**  West Bank and in support of international co-  Liberia  Solomon Gaza Strip operation », these  Madagascar Islands countries can be  Malawi  Tonga considered both in  Mali  Tuvalu RUSSIA AND THE ACP and Asian regions  Mauritania  Vanuatu OTHER NEW  Mauritius  Western Samoa INDEPENDENT ***For participation in  Mozambique STATES the « Specific measures  Namibia - ASIA in support of international co-  Niger  Armenia operation » China,  Nigeria  Bangladesh  Azerbaijan India and Russia may  Rwanda  Bhutan  Belarus be considered  Sao Tome and  Brunei individually as a Principe  Cambodia region, however, in this  Senegal  China*** 1 Mediterranean partner case, at least 3 different  Seychelles  India*** countries are the 12 partners from different  Sierra Leone  Indonesia provinces or states countries involved in the within China, India or  Somalia  Lao (People's Barcelona process: Algeria, Russia are necessary  South Africa Democratic Cyprus, Egypt, Israel,  Sudan Rep. of)  Swaziland  Malaysia Jordan, Lebanon, Malta,  Tanzania  Maldives Morocco, Syrian Arab  Togo  Mongolia republic, Tunisia, Turkey,  Uganda  Nepal West bank and Gaza strip. 2  Zambia  Pakistan However, Cyprus, Malta, Including Kosovo as  Zimbabwe  Philippines Turkey and Israel are now defined by UNSC resolution 1244 of 10  Singapore associated countries to FP6 . June 1999 59