Another Mid-Point Review

Another Mid-Point Review Global History and Geography I Name: ______E. Napp Date: ______

Introduction A. It is a way of life of a group of people. Location Language, religion, and customs are components of it. It is a “blueprint” for living. B. It is the exchange of cultural ideas Primary Source and objects. Buddhism in China is an example. Islam in Africa is another example. C. It is the belief that one’s culture is Great Rift Valley superior to other cultures. The ancient Chinese and Romans exhibited this belief. D. It is an eyewitness account of an Ethnocentrism event. A diary of an Athenian merchant is an example. E. It is a geographic feature. It Culture separated the cultures of Europe and Asia. It hindered but did not prevent invaders entering India. F. This geographic feature directly Cultural Diffusion influenced the early interactions between China and Korea. G. This Social Scientist excavates Mountains artifacts in order to determine how people lived. H. Louis and Mary Leakey were anthropologists. They studied the Mountains origins of humanity. They gathered archaeological evidence that suggested that the earliest humans developed in this region.

In China, the development of ethnocentrism The study of culture primarily involves was most influenced by 1- observing the physical environment 1- its historic reliance on foreign of people nations 2- learning why various peoples live as 2- a long history of democratic they do government 3- understanding the technology of 3- a strong belief in Christianity modern machinery 4- its geographic isolation 4- analyzing the personalities of children in the same family River Valley Civilizations A. People learned to farm and Urban Planning domesticate animals. People settled. Civilizations developed. B. This geographic feature provided Dynasty water for farming. Sometimes flooding left rich soil, which was ideal for farming. C. It was the land between the Tigris Sumerians and Euphrates Rivers. An early civilization developed in this land. D. Historians often call Egypt the gift of Pharaoh this river. This river made civilization in Egypt possible. E. It is also known as the Yellow River. River Chinese civilization developed in its valley. It can flood violently and unpredictably. F. In the Indus River Valley, a city was carefully planned and built on a grid Huang He pattern. Every brick in every building was the same size. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were important cities. G. These early people developed a Code of Hammurabi writing system known as cuneiform, built ziggurats or temples to their gods, and developed city-states. H. It is a ruling family. According to Neolithic Revolution archaeologists, the Shang established China’s first ruling family. I. He was the divine ruler of ancient Egypt. Egyptian writing or Mesopotamia hieroglyphics records his actions. He was mummified and a pyramid served as his tomb. J. It was the first written law code. It Nile had harsh punishments and class divisions. The early civilizations of the Nile River One way in which the civilizations of the Valley, Mesopotamia, and the Yellow River Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and the Maya Valley were similar because they were were similar is that each 1- industrialized societies 1- developed extensive writing systems 2- monotheistic 2- emphasized equality in education 3- dependent on fertile land 3- established monotheistic religions 4- dependent on each other for trade 4- encouraged democracy Classical Civilizations A. This city-state developed direct democracy. Only free men born in Maya this city-state voted. Women, slaves, and foreigners did not vote. It also used columns in architecture and developed philosophy and theater. B. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were ______. They asked Asoka important questions and developed important ideas. The Athenian Socrates differed from a Spartan with his militaristic perspective. C. This Macedonian general conquered a vast empire. His soldier traveled Gupta all the way to the Indus River Valley. Though his empire did not survive his death, he spread a Greek-like culture or Hellenism. D. Before they conquered an empire, they developed a republic or a type of government where citizens elect Athens representatives. They also developed the Twelve Tables or written laws that included concepts like innocent until proven guilty. They even build roads that are used today. E. This Mauryan ruler converted to Buddhism after a particularly violent Romans battle. He was disgusted by cruelty and his words of compassion and religious tolerance were written on Pillars throughout his Empire. F. This Indian civilization experienced a golden age. Great advances in mathematics and science developed. Alexander the Great The concept of zero, the decimal system, and even vaccinations were invented. In addition, great works of literature in Sanskrit were produced. It was a golden age of Hindu culture. G. This Mesoamerican civilization was very advanced. Sustainable farming Greek Philosophers occurred in rain forests. The concept of zero was invented, pyramids were built and astronomy studied. Dynasties and Belief Systems A. This Chinese dynasty was known for its harsh rule. The emperor believed Mandate of Heaven in Legalism. However, this dynasty also united with a uniform writing system and a uniform system of weights and measures. B. This dynasty is frequently compared to the Roman Empire. It encouraged Confucianism trade and developed the examination system. A candidate for government service had to pass a test. C. This important trading route Great Wall connected China to the Middle East and the Mediterranean Sea. Chinese products traveled along this route. D. This philosophy became the official philosophy of many Chinese Qin dynasties. Order was very important. Inferiors had to obey superiors. Superiors had to set good examples. E. This philosophy inspired Chinese Han artists. It emphasized the importance of nature. People needed to live in harmony with nature. F. This Chinese belief stated that the Daoism gods chose the emperor to rule but the gods could remove a corrupt emperor. It led to the dynastic cycle. G. It was built to protect China from Silk Road invaders. Many Chinese workers died building it.

According the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that Confucianism in traditional China served to 1- the ruler should be chosen 1- maintain social order democratically 2- create ethnic unrest 2- the evil in humans must be 3- emphasize material wealth eliminated 4- support democratic government 3- ancestor worship should be discontinued 4- individuals should know and do what is expected of them Belief Systems A. It is the oldest religion. It teaches an Islam appreciation for the forces of nature. Spirits exist in the natural world B. The Torah, the Exodus, and the Ten Commandments are associated with Hinduism this religion. Monotheism and ethical conduct are important characteristics. C. It is based on the divinity of Jesus. Buddhism According to it, Jesus’s crucifixion and resurrection made possible the forgiveness of sins. D. The Koran, Hegira, and Jihad are associated with this religion. It was Monotheism founded by Muhammad in Mecca. Muslims must make a pilgrimage to Mecca, if able. E. Reincarnation, karma, and dharma are associated with this religion. The Orthodox Christianity caste system is a fixed class system of this religion. The caste system lacks social mobility. F. According to this belief system, desire causes suffering. It Roman Catholic Church encourages people to end selfish desire. The Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and Nirvana are associated with it. G. It is the belief in one god. Judaism, Polytheism Christianity, and Islam share this belief. H. It is the belief in many gods. Russia Followers worship many gods. I. This nation was influenced by Byzantine missionaries. Its people Animism adopted the Cyrillic alphabet, Orthodox Christianity, and the idea of an absolute ruler. J. It was the religion of Western Europe Judaism after the fall of Rome. It united the people of Western Europe during the Middle Ages. K. It was the religion of the Byzantine Christianity Empire. Icons or religions paintings were used for worship. After the Fall of Rome A. Land is exchanged for military Roman Catholic Church service. Lords own land and give land to vassals in exchange for soldiers. B. Feudalism developed in Western Medieval Europe after the fall of this empire. A period of disorder ensued. C. The Middle Ages are also known as Crusades the ______. This is the Latin word means relating or belonging to the Middle Ages. D. This individual was bound to the Lord’s land. He could not leave his Feudalism Lord’s land. He labored for the Lord in exchange for protection. Even his descendants were bound to the Lord’s land. E. These holy wars were fought between Roman Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land. F. Christians lost the holy wars. However, this increased. The Serf Muslims had experienced a golden age. Christians received new ideas and products from the Muslims. G. During Medieval times, this Cultural Diffusion institution united people in Western Europe and provided stability. The Middle Ages in Western Europe was In Europe, a long-term effect of the characterized by Crusades was 1- the manor system and the 1- the strengthening of the feudal importance of land ownership system 2- absolute monarchies and strong 2- the adoption of Islamic religious central governments practices 3- decreased emphasis on religion in 3- an increased demand for goods from daily life the East 4- extensive trade with Asia and the 4- increased European isolation Middle East Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades? Feudal societies are generally characterized 1- Europeans maintained a lasting control by over much of the Middle East 1- an emphasis on social order 2- Islamic influence dominated Europe 3- Europeans developed tolerance of Non- 2- a representative government Christian religions 3- many economic opportunities 4- trade between Europe and the Middle 4- the protection of political rights East was expanded