Unit 3 Court Cases Marbury v. Madison (1803)  Although the Court upheld Gitlow’s  Established the doctrine of judicial conviction and concluded that New review. York’s Criminal Anarchy law was constitutional, the ruling also Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) concluded that free speech protections  Overturned the Missouri Compromise, under the First Amendment does apply stating that slaves were property. to the states. (Free speech considered a Since the Constitution forbids Congress fundamental right.) from depriving Americans of life, liberty and property without due Korematsu v. United States (1944) process of the law, citizens could not  Court ruled that the President and be deprived of their property simply Congress did not go beyond their war because they had traveled to another powers by implementing exclusion and state. restricting rights of Americans of Japanese descent. The Court held that Minor v. Happersett (1874) the need to protect against espionage  Court ruled that the 14th Amendment outweighed Japanese American’s does not protect the voting rights of rights. women. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Strauder v. WV (1880)  The Court ruled separate is not equal  Court rules that state law barring and ended school segregation. blacks from jury service violated equal (Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896.) protection clause of 14th Amendment. Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)  Established the principle that the Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) “Third Amendment together with the  Court ruled that unequal enforcement First, Fifth, and Ninth Amendments of city ordinance violated rights held created a zone of privacy that under the Equal Protection Clause of protected the rights of married couples the 14th Amendment. to use contraceptives.” (Established fundamental right to purchase and use birth control.) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)  The Equal Protection clause of the 14th Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections Amendment allowed states to provide (1965) “separate but equal” facilities for blacks.  Court ruled that making affluence an electoral standard (poll tax) violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

Loving v. Virginia (1966) Gitlow v. New York (1925) Court Case Summaries from Oyez: US Supreme Court Media (http://www.oyez.org/) Page 1 Unit 3 Court Cases  Court ruled that VA law banning inter-  Court ruled that Colorado’s racial marriage violated Equal constitutional amendment forbidding Protection Clause of 14th Amendment. official protections to those who suffer (Established fundamental right to discrimination due to their sexual marry and have children.) orientation violated the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. Stanton v. Stanton (1974)  Court ruled that differing standards Grutter v. Bollinger (2002) (based upon gender) for child support  The court ruled that the violated the equal protection clause. University of Michigan’s Law School’s use of racial preferences in student Craig v. Boren (1976) admissions did not violate the 14th  Court ruled that law establishing Amendment’s equal protection different drinking ages for men and clause. women made unconstitutional gender classifications.

Regents v. Bakke (1977)  Court ruled that the University of California’s racial quota admissions standard violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. However, the use of race as a criterion in admissions decisions was constitutionally permissible.

Rostker v. Goldberg (1980)  Court held that Congress’ decision to exempt women from military draft registration did not violate Due Process Clause.

Plyer v. Doe (1981)  Court ruled that a 1975 Texas education law allowing the state to withhold from local school districts state funds for education children of illegal aliens violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Texas could not prove a “compelling state interest” for the law.

Romer v. Evans (1995)

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